scholarly journals Varietal Wealth of Prunus Species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Mahendra Kumar Sharma ◽  
Tajamul Farooq Wani ◽  
Anil Sharma ◽  
Gepu Nyorak
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Prunus Cerasoides ◽  
Black Beauty

Genus Prunus includes all the stone fruits (peach, nectarine, plum, apricot, almond and cherry) comprise around 98 species and classified under three subgenera namely: Amygdalus (peaches, nectraine and almonds), Prunophora (plums and apricots) and Cerasus (cherries). Genus Prunus have attained a prime position among all the temperate fruit crops as delicious edible drupe, and many species have ornamental values as well. Major species of importance are Prunus persica (peach), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Prunus domestica (European plum), Prunus americana (American plum), Prunus avium (Sweet cherry), Prunus cerasus (Sour cherry), Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus ceracifera (Cherry plum), Prunus mira (Behmi), Prunus cerasoides (Wild Himalayan cherry), Prunus mahaleb (Mahaleb cherry) etc. Interspecific hybrids namely: plumcots, pluots and apriums also produce very delicious edible fruits. Commercial cultivars of different stone fruits are J H Hale, Cresthaven, Flordasun, Florda Prince, Elberta, Glohaven, July Elberta, Redhaven, Kanto 5, Sun Haven etc. of peaches, Fantasia, Mayfire, Red Gold, Snow Queen etc. belongs to nectarine, Turkey, Charmagz, Perfection, St. Ambroise, Royal, New Castle etc. are apricots, Santa Rosa, Black Beauty, Kelsey, Green Gage, Methley, Satsuma, Frontier, Burbank etc. are plums, Regina, Burlat, Lapins, Kordia, Stella, Bing, Van, Black Heart, Compact Lambert, Compact Stella etc. are cherries, and California Paper Shell, IXL, Mission, Nonpareil, Drake, Ne Plus Ultra, Pranyaj, Merced etc. are almonds.

scholarly journals Etiology and Host Range of a Closterovirus Associated with Plum Bark Necrosis-Stem Pitting Disease

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana B. Marini ◽  
Y.-P. Zhang ◽  
A. Rowhani ◽  
J. K. Uyemoto
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Main Trunk ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Degenerate Oligonucleotide ◽  
Pcr Assays ◽  
Stem Pitting

Diseased plum (Prunus salicina) cv. Black Beaut trees developed stem gumming, severe bark necrosis, and stem pitting symptoms on the woody cylinder of the main trunk and scaffold branches. The sucker shoots of the peach (Prunus persica) cv. Nemaguard understocks exhibited oak-leaf patterns, but lacked the wood or bark markings. Other susceptible hosts included almond (Prunus dulcis), sweet (Prunus avium) and Japanese flowering (Prunus serrulata) cherries, and several plum (Prunus salicina) and prune (Prunus domestica) varieties. A purified preparation containing high molecular size dsRNAs was obtained initially from diseased cherry (P. avium × Prunus pseudocerasus) cv. Colt tissues. Healthy preparations were devoid of similar sized dsRNAs. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays with degenerate oligonucleotide Closterovirus primers, designed from the HSP70 gene, were used to amplify two DNA fragments of 0.67 and 0.56 kbp. The larger cDNA product was cloned, sequenced (AF195501), and compared with other viral sequences. Depending on the number of nucleotides used in the comparisons, identities ranged from 77% for Grapevine leafroll associated virus to 3 to 44% for Little cherry virus-1. Specific primers from the 0.67 kbp cDNA sequence were designed and used in subsequent RT-PCR assays. The associated 0.67 kbp HSP70 amplicon of Plum bark necrosis-stem pitting associated virus was detected in all graft-inoculated Prunus species and varieties except prune (P. domestica var. French Improved).

scholarly journals Resistance to Plum Pox Virus (Dideron Isolate RB3.30) in a Group of California Almonds and Transfer of Resistance to Peach

2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Martínez-Gómez ◽  
M. Rubio ◽  
F. Dicenta ◽  
T.M. Gradziel
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Resistance Transfer ◽  
High Level ◽  
Peach Rootstocks

Sharka [(plum pox virus (PPV)] mainly affects Prunus species, including apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), peach (Prunus persica L.), plum (Prunus salicina Lindl., Prunus domestica L.), and, to a lesser degree, sweet (Prunus avium L.) and sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.). Level of resistance to a Dideron isolate of PPV in seven California almond [P. dulcis (Miller) D.A. Webb], five processing peach cultivars, and two peach rootstocks was evaluated. In addition, almond and peach selections resulting from interspecific almond × peach hybridization and subsequent gene introgression were tested. Evaluations were conducted in controlled facilities after grafting the test genotypes onto inoculated GF305 peach rootstocks. Leaves were evaluated for PPV symptoms during three consecutive cycles of growth. ELISA-DASI and RT-PCR analysis were also employed to verify the presence or absence of PPV. Peach cultivars and rootstocks showed sharka symptoms and were ELISA-DASI or RT-PCR positive for some growth cycles, indicating their susceptibility to PPV. Almond cultivars and almond × peach hybrids did not show symptoms and were ELISA-DASI and RT-PCR negative, demonstrating resistance to PPV. Two (almond × peach) F2 selections as well as two of three backcrossed peach selections also showed a resistant behavior against the PPV-D isolate. Results demonstrate a high level of resistance in almond and indicate potential for PPV resistance transfer to commercial peach cultivars.

Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae var. discolor. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Laundon
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Exact Distribution ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
Disease Cycle

Abstract A description is provided for Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae var. discolor. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pycnia and aecia systemic on Anemone coronaria (florists' anemone), uredia and telia on Prunus sp., especially on Prunus amygdalus[Prunus dulcis] (almond), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus domestica (plum) and Prunus persica (peach). DISEASE: Peach rust; rust of stone fruit. Rust of florists' anemone. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Appears to be cosmopolitan but exact distribution often uncertain owing to confusion with var. pruni-spinosae (CMI Map 223 ed. 2). TRANSMISSION: In many areas the rust overwinters on the twigs (8: 451; 10: 470; 16: 108; 19: 418; 23: 262; 25: 347; 38: 153; 40: 116; 46, 377) or overwintering leaves (19: 418; 23: 492) from which urediospores are blown in the spring. Conditions affecting germination of urediospores and teliospores have been studied (10: 470; 18: 322; 20: 215; 38: 705). In only a few areas are aeciospores on Anemone thought to be important in the disease cycle on stone fruits (4: 420; 22: 29; 26: 113; 35: 108; 38: 369).

scholarly journals 660 Reducing Floral Initiation and Return Bloom in Stone Fruit Trees: Applications and Implications in Fruit Production

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 561F-562
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Southwick
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Prunus Salicina

Commercially grown apricots (Prunus armeniaca), peaches (Prunus persica), nectarines (Prunus persica), plums (Prunus salicina and Prunus domestica), and pluots (Prunus salicina × Prunus armeniaca) have a tendency to produce high numbers of flowers. These flowers often set and produce more fruit than trees can adequately size to meet market standards. When excessive fruit set occurs, removal of fruit by hand-thinning is common to ensure that fruit size meets market standards. Over the years there have been numerous attempts to find chemical or physical techniques that would help to reduce costs associated with and improve efficiencies of hand-thinning; however, using alternate strategies to hand-thinning have not been widely adopted in stone fruit production. In the past 10 years, through the continuing efforts of scientists throughout the world in public and private institutions and business, it appears that there are chemical sprays capable of reducing the need for hand-thinning in stone fruit. Management of flowering by reducing the number of flowers on apricot, peach, nectarine, plum, and prune has shown promise under climatic conditions such as those found in the San Joaquin Valley of California. By applying gibberellins during May through July, flowers in many stone fruit cultivars can be reduced in the following season. The reduction in flower number does not generally lead to an increase in fruit set. As a result, fruit numbers are reduced, the need for hand thinning can be reduced, and in some cases eliminated. There are risks associated with reducing flower number before climatic conditions during bloom or final fruit set are known. However, given the changes in labor costs and market demands, especially in the developed world, the benefits may outweigh the risks. The application and implications of these summer gibberellin applications toward reducing flower numbers will be discussed as it relates to commercial stone fruit growing.

scholarly journals Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) and Peach (Prunus persica L.) Phenological Growth Stages According to BBCH Scale

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Tabita Teodora LISANDRU ◽  
Adrian FUSTOS ◽  
Viorel MITRE ◽  
Adelina DUMITRAS
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
Fertilizer Effectiveness ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Old Trees

The study present the detail descriptions of the stages of stone fruits growth, Prunus avium and Prunus persica, according to the BBCH scale. Phenological data were collected from 4 years old trees of P.avium and P. persica. The development stage of each organ was recorded during two growing seasons (2015-2016). Photographs of each stage were taken to illustrate the phenological growth stages. An accurate understanding of these stages is important for the correct timing of orchard management, as well as for disease and pest management, irrigation, flower thinning, fertilizer effectiveness etc.

scholarly journals Various Freezing Strategies of Flower-bud Hardiness in Prunus

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 584-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorkel A. Kadir ◽  
Edward L. Proebsting
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Prunus Serotina ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Intermediate Group ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Moderate Rate ◽  
Large Flower ◽  
Prunus Davidiana

Flower buds of 20 Prunus species showed quite different strategies to cope with low temperatures. Buds of most species deep supercooled. The two hardiest species, both from the subgenus Padus (P. padus L. and P. virginiana L.), did not supercool and survived -33C with no bud kill. Prunus serotina J.F. Ehrh., also in Padus, did supercool. Prunus nigra Ait., P. americana Marsh, P. fruticosa Pall., and P. besseyi L.H. Bailey had a low minimum hardiness level (MHL), small buds, and a low water content. Exotherms were no longer detectable from the buds of these species after 2 days at -7C and some buds survived -33C. Prunus triloba Lindl. and P. japonica Thunb. were similar to that group, but no buds survived -33C. Prunus davidiana (Carriere) Franch., P. avium L., and P. domestica L. had a relatively high MHL but hardened rapidly when the buds were frozen. Prunus persica (L.) Batsch., P. subhirtella Miq., P. dulcis (Mill) D. A. Webb, and P. emarginata (Dougl. ex Hook) Walp. deep supercooled, had large flower buds and a high MHL, and were killed in the Dec. 1990 freeze. Prunus salicina Lindl., P. hortulana L.H. Bailey, P. armeniaca L., and P. tomentosa Thunb. were in an intermediate group with a moderately low MHL and a moderate rate of hardiness increase while frozen. Prunus dulcis and P. davidiana had a low chilling requirement and bloomed early, whereas P. virginiana, P. fruticosa, P. nigra, and P. domestica had high chilling requirements and bloomed late.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae from Diseased Stone Fruits in Kyrgyzstan and Testing of Biological Agents against Pathogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-91
Author(s):  
Tinatin Doolotkeldieva ◽  
Saikal Bobusheva
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Initial Manifestation

The plant diseases caused by the Pseudomonas syringae сomplex bacteria are economically important and occur worldwide on various plants, and it is as a pathogen that has not been the object of studies and little is known about its epidemiology in Kyrgyzstan. The conventional phenotypic (LOPAT, API tests) and PCR-assisted isolation were used for the identificationof Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringaе isolates from the affected organs of local stone fruits, such as peach (Prunus persica), cherry (Prunus subgen), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), and plum (Prunus salicina) samples taken from the Chy, Issuk-Kul, and Batken regions of the country. 16S rRNA gene amplification was performed with primers 27F (5'-AGA GTT TGA TCC TGG CTC AG -3') and 907R (5 '–CCG TCA ATT CCT TTG AGT TT-3') for the identification of obtained P.syringae pv. syringaе isolates. From 40 primary isolates of Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria, 12 were identified as Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, while the remaining isolates were identified as bacteria from Stenotrophomonas, Xanthomonas, Erwinia genera. The antagonist bio control agent—Streptomyces bacteria strains were screened and selected against the bacterial canker pathogen in in vitro experiments and on apricot seedlings in vivo conditions. Obtained results could encourage to develop a local bio-product based on this bioagent for spraying stone fruits with the initial manifestation of disease symptoms and to conduct preventive treatments in the fall and spring to increase the plant's resistance to pathogens.

scholarly journals Cloning of MYB10, PAL and UFGT genes from ‘Cuihongli’ and ‘Qiangcuili’

2020 ◽  
Vol 165 ◽  
pp. 05008
Author(s):  
Long Xingyu ◽  
Zhang Huifen ◽  
Deng Qunxian ◽  
Chen Mengwei ◽  
Wang Haiyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Regulatory Gene ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Sequence Length ◽  
Anthocyanin Synthesis ◽  
Homologous Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis

PAL, UFGT as structural genes and MYB10 as a regulatory gene play an important role in the accumulation of anthocyanins in plants. In this experiment, ‘Cuihongli’ and ‘Qiangcuili’ were used as materials to clone PAL, UFGT and MYB10 related to anthocyanin synthesis by homologous sequence cloning. The results showed that the full length of PAL was 2160 bp, encoding 719 amino acids; the full length of UFGT was 1428 bp, encoding 475 amino acids, and the differences of PAL and UFGT between the two cultivars were one amino acid and three amino acids, respectively. The sequence length of ‘Cuihongli’ MYB10 gene is 732 bp, which encodes 243 amino acids and belongs to the superfamily of SANT family. Homology analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the proteins encoded by PAL, UFGT and MYB10 genes were short and closely related to Prunus persica, Prunus avium, Prunus armeniaca and Prunus cerasifera in Rosaceae.

Host suitability analysis of the bark beetle Scolytus amygdali (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-440
Author(s):  
A. Zeiri ◽  
M.Z. Ahmed ◽  
M. Braham ◽  
M. Braham ◽  
B.-L. Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Suitability Analysis ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Polyphagous Insect

AbstractScolytus amygdali is a polyphagous insect pest that feeds on fruit trees and forest trees. Our study assessed the host preference and reproductive potential of S. amygdali on four tree species: almond (Prunus dulcis), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), peach (Prunus persica), and plum (Prunus domestica). Females of S. amygdali produced maternal galleries that were longer on peach than the other three trees, and female fecundity was highest on peach. Females with longer maternal galleries produced more eggs, indicating a positive correlation between maternal gallery length and female fertility. The under-bark development time of S. amygdali is significantly shorter on plum (45 days) and almond (56 days) than on apricot (65 days) and peach (64 days). Despite this longer development time on peach, our results still suggest that, of the four types of tree tested, peach is the most preferred host for S. amygdali.

Influence of weather on apricot, peach and sweet cherry production in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Caprio ◽  
H. A. Quamme
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca L ◽  
Harvest Year ◽  
Prunus Avium L ◽  
Okanagan Valley

An iterative χ2 method that generates indices of association was used to determine daily weather occurrences associated with annual variations in peach (Prunus persica Batch.), apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.), and sweet cherry production (Prunus avium L.) in the Okanagan Valley of British Columbia over a 72 yr period, 1920–1991. During September and early October of the pre-harvest year, warm daytime temperatures favoured apricot (≥ 26°C) and sweet cherry production (≥ 19°C), probably because this promoted flower bud development. High daytime temperatures (≥ 27°C) were detrimental to apricot production in August of the pre-harvest year. During the pre-harvest year, peach production was only weakly associated with daytime temperature. Precipitation adversely affected peach and sweet cherry production in the preharvest year indirectly by associated lower temperatures or directly by enhanced disease infection. The main climatic factor limiting production of these crops was low temperatures from November to February (critical value range, ≥ -13 to ≥ -24°C, nighttime temperature) that cause winter injury. Precipitation during this period, usually snowfall, mostly favoured production. Poor production years were also associated with low nighttime temperatures (≤ -2 to -5°C) in spring at the time the flowers are prone to frost injury. During the bloom period warm temperatures (≥16°C, daytime temperature) favoured Prunus production, probably because of the temperature requirements for good pollination and flower set. Rainfall during fruit development and harvest of sweet cherry reduced production because of rain-induced cracking. Daytime temperatures were detrimental to production of apricot (≥ 31°C) and sweet cherry (≥ 33°C to ≥ 37° C) during harvest. The anticipated climate change appears to favour Prunus production in the Okanagan Valley, except for increased rainfall on sweet cherry production. Key words: Prunus persica Batch., Prunus armeniaca L., Prunus avium L., tree fruit, climate, heat stress, spring frost, winter injury

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document