Host suitability analysis of the bark beetle Scolytus amygdali (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-440
Author(s):  
A. Zeiri ◽  
M.Z. Ahmed ◽  
M. Braham ◽  
M. Braham ◽  
B.-L. Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Suitability Analysis ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Polyphagous Insect

AbstractScolytus amygdali is a polyphagous insect pest that feeds on fruit trees and forest trees. Our study assessed the host preference and reproductive potential of S. amygdali on four tree species: almond (Prunus dulcis), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), peach (Prunus persica), and plum (Prunus domestica). Females of S. amygdali produced maternal galleries that were longer on peach than the other three trees, and female fecundity was highest on peach. Females with longer maternal galleries produced more eggs, indicating a positive correlation between maternal gallery length and female fertility. The under-bark development time of S. amygdali is significantly shorter on plum (45 days) and almond (56 days) than on apricot (65 days) and peach (64 days). Despite this longer development time on peach, our results still suggest that, of the four types of tree tested, peach is the most preferred host for S. amygdali.

Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae var. discolor. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Laundon
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Exact Distribution ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Prunus Amygdalus ◽  
Disease Cycle

Abstract A description is provided for Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae var. discolor. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pycnia and aecia systemic on Anemone coronaria (florists' anemone), uredia and telia on Prunus sp., especially on Prunus amygdalus[Prunus dulcis] (almond), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus domestica (plum) and Prunus persica (peach). DISEASE: Peach rust; rust of stone fruit. Rust of florists' anemone. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Appears to be cosmopolitan but exact distribution often uncertain owing to confusion with var. pruni-spinosae (CMI Map 223 ed. 2). TRANSMISSION: In many areas the rust overwinters on the twigs (8: 451; 10: 470; 16: 108; 19: 418; 23: 262; 25: 347; 38: 153; 40: 116; 46, 377) or overwintering leaves (19: 418; 23: 492) from which urediospores are blown in the spring. Conditions affecting germination of urediospores and teliospores have been studied (10: 470; 18: 322; 20: 215; 38: 705). In only a few areas are aeciospores on Anemone thought to be important in the disease cycle on stone fruits (4: 420; 22: 29; 26: 113; 35: 108; 38: 369).

scholarly journals Effects of Rootstock and Budding Height on Bacterial Canker in French Prune

Plant Disease ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 543-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Sayler ◽  
S. M. Southwick ◽  
J. T. Yeager ◽  
K. Glozer ◽  
E. L. Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Prunus Cerasifera ◽  
Disease Pressure

Bacterial canker is one of the most economically important diseases of stone fruit trees, including ‘French’ prune (Prunus domestica). Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of rootstock selection and budding height on the incidence and severity of bacterial canker in four orchards with low to high disease pressure. Treatments included French prune scions low-grafted on ‘Lovell’ peach (Prunus persica) rootstocks as well as Myrobalan 29C (Prunus cerasifera) plum rootstocks grafted at 15, 50, and 90 cm above the rootstock crown. Another treatment consisted of growing Myrobalan 29C plum rootstocks in the field for one growing season, then field-grafting French prune buds onto rootstock scaffolds. Lovell peach rootstock provided the greatest protection from bacterial canker as measured by disease incidence and tree mortality in all orchards. Field-budded rootstocks and rootstocks grafted at the highest budding height provided moderate levels of resistance to bacterial canker. These treatments reduced the incidence but not the severity of disease.

scholarly journals DNA Methylation Analysis of Dormancy Release in Almond (Prunus dulcis) Flower Buds Using Epi-Genotyping by Sequencing

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela Prudencio ◽  
Olaf Werner ◽  
Pedro Martínez-García ◽  
Federico Dicenta ◽  
Rosa Ros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Reduced Representation

DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications have been described as epigenetic regulation mechanisms involved in developmental transitions in plants, including seasonal changes in fruit trees. In species like almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A: Webb), prolonged exposure to cold temperatures is required for dormancy release and flowering. Aiming to identify genomic regions with differential methylation states in response to chill accumulation, we carried out Illumina reduced-representation genome sequencing on bisulfite-treated DNA from floral buds. To do this, we analyzed almond genotypes with different chilling requirements and flowering times both before and after dormancy release for two consecutive years. The study was performed using epi-Genotyping by Sequencing (epi-GBS). A total of 7317 fragments were sequenced and the samples compared. Out of these fragments, 677 were identified as differentially methylated between the almond genotypes. Mapping these fragments using the Prunus persica (L.) Batsch v.2 genome as reference provided information about coding regions linked to early and late flowering methylation markers. Additionally, the methylation state of ten gene-coding sequences was found to be linked to the dormancy release process.

scholarly journals Varietal Wealth of Prunus Species

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Mahendra Kumar Sharma ◽  
Tajamul Farooq Wani ◽  
Anil Sharma ◽  
Gepu Nyorak
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Prunus Avium ◽  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Prunus Armeniaca ◽  
Stone Fruits ◽  
Prunus Salicina ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Prunus Cerasoides ◽  
Black Beauty

Genus Prunus includes all the stone fruits (peach, nectarine, plum, apricot, almond and cherry) comprise around 98 species and classified under three subgenera namely: Amygdalus (peaches, nectraine and almonds), Prunophora (plums and apricots) and Cerasus (cherries). Genus Prunus have attained a prime position among all the temperate fruit crops as delicious edible drupe, and many species have ornamental values as well. Major species of importance are Prunus persica (peach), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Prunus domestica (European plum), Prunus americana (American plum), Prunus avium (Sweet cherry), Prunus cerasus (Sour cherry), Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus ceracifera (Cherry plum), Prunus mira (Behmi), Prunus cerasoides (Wild Himalayan cherry), Prunus mahaleb (Mahaleb cherry) etc. Interspecific hybrids namely: plumcots, pluots and apriums also produce very delicious edible fruits. Commercial cultivars of different stone fruits are J H Hale, Cresthaven, Flordasun, Florda Prince, Elberta, Glohaven, July Elberta, Redhaven, Kanto 5, Sun Haven etc. of peaches, Fantasia, Mayfire, Red Gold, Snow Queen etc. belongs to nectarine, Turkey, Charmagz, Perfection, St. Ambroise, Royal, New Castle etc. are apricots, Santa Rosa, Black Beauty, Kelsey, Green Gage, Methley, Satsuma, Frontier, Burbank etc. are plums, Regina, Burlat, Lapins, Kordia, Stella, Bing, Van, Black Heart, Compact Lambert, Compact Stella etc. are cherries, and California Paper Shell, IXL, Mission, Nonpareil, Drake, Ne Plus Ultra, Pranyaj, Merced etc. are almonds.

scholarly journals Contribution A L’etude De La Biologie Florale De Quelques Rosacees Cultivees De La Region De Constantine (Algerie)

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (36) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
Bousmid Ahlem ◽  
Boulacel Mouad ◽  
Benlaribi Mostef
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Cydonia Oblonga ◽  
Pyrus Communis L ◽  
Flower Type

Angiosperms largely dominated the current terrestrial flora, with more than 275,000 species already identified (Meyer et al., 2008). Several major characteristics associated with sexual reproduction distinguish this group of plants, making this the most advanced subphylum Phanerogams(Robert et al., 1998). A quick review of flora reveals the wide variety of shapes and floral structures in different families of angiosperms. This diversity is the basis of the key determination and classification or systematic of flowering plants. Rosaceae that constitute our subject of study have a constant organization and regular flower type 5: 5 sepals, 5 petals, many stamens, one or more carpels. In our work we investigated a few dominant species cultivated in our study area such as: Cydonia oblonga Mill., Eriobotrya japonica Thun., Malus domestica Borkh., Prunus domestica L., Prunus dulcis Mill., Prunus persica L., Pyrus communis L. After collecting flowers and extraction of pollen grains, observations with binocular and light microscope there emerges a diversity materialized ia in: - Flower color; - The presence or absence of fuzz around the reproductive organs that are protected temperatures decreases. This allows for example medlar and almond reproduce during cold periods of the year (December, January, February).

Effects of insecticides chlorpyrifos, emamectin benzoate and fipronil on Spodoptera litura might be mediated by OBPs and CSPs

2017 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 658-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Lin ◽  
Y. Jiang ◽  
L. Zhang ◽  
Y. Cai
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Litura ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Emamectin Benzoate ◽  
Insecticide Exposure ◽  
Polyphagous Insect ◽  
Related Proteins

AbstractSpodoptera litura is a widespread polyphagous insect pest that can develop resistance and cross-resistance to insecticides, making it difficult to control. Insecticide exposure has previously been linked with induction of specific olfactory-related proteins, including some chemosensory proteins (CSPs) and odorant-binding proteins (OPBs), which may disrupt detection of environmental factors and reduce fitness. However, functional evidence supporting insecticide and OBPs/CSPs mediation remains unknown. Here we fed male S. litura moths with sucrose water containing one of three insecticides, chlorpyrifos, emamectin benzoate or fipronil, and used real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and RNAi to investigate OBPs and CSPs expression and their correlations with survival. Chlorpyrifos and emamectin benzoate increased expression of 78% of OBPs, plus 63 and 56% of CSP genes, respectively, indicating a major impact on these gene families. RNAi knockdown of SlituCSP18, followed by feeding with chlorpyrifos or fipronil, decreased survival rates of male moths significantly compared with controls. Survival rate also decreased significantly with the downregulation of SlituOBP9 followed by feeding with chlorpyrifos. Thus, although these three insecticides had different effects on OBP and CSP gene expression, we hypothesize that SlituOBPs and SlituCSPs might mediate their effects by increasing their expression levels to improve survival. Moreover, the differential response of S. litura male moths to the three insecticides indicated the potential specificity of chlorpyrifos affect SlituCSP18 and SlituOBP9 expression.

scholarly journals First Report of Apricot vein clearing-associated virus (AVCaV) infecting Prunus domestica revealed by High-Throughput Sequencing in Morocco

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Tahzima ◽  
Radouane Qessaoui ◽  
Yoika Foucart ◽  
Sebastian Massart ◽  
Kris De Jonghe
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Plant Viruses ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Replicase Gene ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Prunus Species ◽  
First Report ◽  
Vein Clearing ◽  
The Impact

Plum (Prunus domestica L., Rosaceae) trees, like many stone fruit trees, are known to be infected by numerous plant viruses, predominantly as consequence of their clonal mode of propagation and perennial cultivation (Jelkmann and Eastwell, 2011). Apricot vein clearing-associated virus (AVCaV) is a member of the genus Prunevirus in the family Betaflexiviridae. AVCaV was first reported in Italy infecting apricot (P. armeniaca L.) associated with foliar vein clearing symptoms (Elbeaino et al. 2014). It has also been detected in various Prunus species, like plum, Japanese plum (P. salicina L.), sour cherry (P. cerasus L.), and Japanese apricot (P. mume L.), apricot and peach (P. persica L.) sourced from Asian and European countries (Marais et al. 2015), as well as in the ornamental Myrobolan plum (P. cerasifera L.) in Australia (Kinoti et al. 2017). In 2018, during the vegetative season, a survey was carried out in two different apricot and plum orchards in the southern region of Agdez (Agadir, Morocco) where stone fruit trees are grown. Five branches with leaves were sampled from three apricot and three plum trees of unknown cultivars, all asymptomatic. Total RNA was extracted from 100 mg plant tissue (leaves and cambial scrapping) using RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) and separate samples (one per species) were used for library preparation (NEBNext Ultra RNA library kit; New England BioLabs, MA, USA), and sequencing (Illumina NextSeq v2, totRNA sequencing) at Admera Health (New Jersey, USA). All generated reads (6,756,881) from the plum sample were quality filtered and submitted to the VirusDetect pipeline (Zheng et al., 2017). The plum cDNA library, a total of 20 viral contigs (68-1928 bp) mapped to several AVCaV accessions in GenBank. A reference mapping (CLC Genomics Workbench 12, Qiagen, Denmark) was conducted against all four available AVCaV full genomes (KM507062-63, KY132099 and HG008921), revealing 100% coverage of the full sequence (8358 nt) with 97-98 % nucleotide (nt) identities (BLASTn). Analysis of the derived sequences allowed to identify the location of the four predicted ORFs i.e. (ORF1: 6066 nt/2,021 aa), (ORF2: 1383 nt/460 aa), (ORF3: 666 nt/221 aa) and (ORF4: 420 nt/139 aa), previously described for the AVCaV genome (Elbeaino et al. 2014). The amino acid sequences of the encoded proteins of AVCaV isolate from Morocco also shared 97-98% identities with the corresponding sequences of complete genome AVCaV isolates in GenBank. To confirm the detection of AVCaV in the three plum samples, specific RT-PCR primers (VC37657s: 5’-CCATAGCCACCCTTTTTCAA-3’ / VC28239a: 5’-GTCGTCAAGGGTCCAGTGAT-3’) (Elbeaino et al. 2014) were used and the expected 330 bp fragment from the replicase gene was amplified in all three samples and subsequently sequenced (MT980794-96). Sanger sequences were 100% identical to corresponding HTS derived sequence. This is the first report of AVCaV infecting plum in Africa. The incidence of AVCaV in Moroccan Prunus species is unknown. Plum trees from the surveyed orchards were also confirmed to be co-infected with little cherry virus 1 (LChV-1) using HTS. Further investigation is required to determine the impact of AVCaV on these asymptomatic plum trees and other stone fruits species.

scholarly journals A review ethnopharmacology of Rosaceae fruit species

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e3409108596
Author(s):  
Letícia Barela Barbosa ◽  
Camila Palma Nunes ◽  
Joice Karina Otênio ◽  
Rosselyn Gimenes Baisch ◽  
Heris Lorenzi dos Santos Perfeito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Fragaria Vesca ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Prunus Domestica ◽  
Scientific Investigations ◽  
Fruit Species ◽  
Rosaceae Species ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

This study aims to carry out a bibliographic survey on ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological and pharmacological information on Rosaceae species. The species addressed were Eriobotrya japonica (yellow-plum), Fragaria vesca (strawberry), Malus domestica (apple), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus persica (peach), Pyrus communis (pear) and Rubus brasiliensis (raspberry) grown in the garden Medicinal of Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR) - Campus 2. For this study, the databases were taken from national and international scientific journals without restriction of year of publication. As a result, a category of use was identified, part used, form of preparation, popular use, pharmacological and phytochemical studies for each species. Thus, it is observed that all fruit species are popularly used a medicinal, with records of ethnopharmacological, pharmacological and phytochemical studies. Medicinal plants are very widespread and used, being considered as an important therapeutic resource. However, despite the pharmacological records found, new scientific investigations are still needed to ensure the safer and more effective use of these species by the population.

Monilinia fructicola. [Distribution map].

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Monilinia Fructicola ◽  
Distribution Map

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey. Ascomycota: Helotiales. Hosts: Rosaceous stone fruit trees (Prunus, Malus, Pyrus spp.), especially peach (Prunus persica). Also grape (Vitis spp.), flowering quinces (Chaenomeles spp.), hawthorns (Crataegus spp.) and loquat (Eriobotrya japonica). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Mainland France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Mainland Italy, Spain, Mainland Spain, Switzerland, UK), Asia (China, Hebei, Shandong, India, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Japan, Honshu, Korea Republic, Taiwan, Yemen), Africa (Nigeria, Zimbabwe), North America (Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachussetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin), Central America and Caribbean (Guatemala, Panama), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand).

Xylella fastidiosa. [Distribution map].

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
South Carolina ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Prunus Dulcis ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. Bacteria. Hosts: Grapevine (Vitis vinifera and others), peach (Prunus persica), Citrus, almond (Prunus dulcis), lucerne (Medicago sativa), some wild trees (including Acer rubrum, Platanus occidentalis, Quercus rubra, Ulmus americana), other wild plants and weeds. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (France, Italy), Asia (Taiwan), North America (Canada (Ontario), Mexico, USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia)), Central America and Caribbean (Costa Rica), and South America (Argentina, Brazil (Bahia, Goias, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe), Paraguay, Venezuela).

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