Varietal Wealth of Prunus Species

Genus Prunus includes all the stone fruits (peach, nectarine, plum, apricot, almond and cherry) comprise around 98 species and classified under three subgenera namely: Amygdalus (peaches, nectraine and almonds), Prunophora (plums and apricots) and Cerasus (cherries). Genus Prunus have attained a prime position among all the temperate fruit crops as delicious edible drupe, and many species have ornamental values as well. Major species of importance are Prunus persica (peach), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus salicina (Japanese plum), Prunus domestica (European plum), Prunus americana (American plum), Prunus avium (Sweet cherry), Prunus cerasus (Sour cherry), Prunus dulcis (almond), Prunus ceracifera (Cherry plum), Prunus mira (Behmi), Prunus cerasoides (Wild Himalayan cherry), Prunus mahaleb (Mahaleb cherry) etc. Interspecific hybrids namely: plumcots, pluots and apriums also produce very delicious edible fruits. Commercial cultivars of different stone fruits are J H Hale, Cresthaven, Flordasun, Florda Prince, Elberta, Glohaven, July Elberta, Redhaven, Kanto 5, Sun Haven etc. of peaches, Fantasia, Mayfire, Red Gold, Snow Queen etc. belongs to nectarine, Turkey, Charmagz, Perfection, St. Ambroise, Royal, New Castle etc. are apricots, Santa Rosa, Black Beauty, Kelsey, Green Gage, Methley, Satsuma, Frontier, Burbank etc. are plums, Regina, Burlat, Lapins, Kordia, Stella, Bing, Van, Black Heart, Compact Lambert, Compact Stella etc. are cherries, and California Paper Shell, IXL, Mission, Nonpareil, Drake, Ne Plus Ultra, Pranyaj, Merced etc. are almonds.

Differences in Susceptibility to Phomopsis Blight of Seven Eggplant Cultivars with Different Fruit Types

Phomopsis blight caused by Diaporthe vexans is a serious disease on fall eggplant crops in the southeastern United States. The objective was to compare seven eggplant cultivars, representing seven horticultural fruit types, for susceptibility to D. vexans. Eggplant transplanted in April 2018 and 2019 was cut back in late summer and harvested in September and October. Leaf disease incidence was lower on Rosa Bianca (Italian type) and Gretel (white) both years than on other cultivars, except Millionaire (Japanese) in 2018 (P ≤ 0.01). Leaf AUDPC based on severity and percentage defoliation were greater on Black Beauty (globe type) than Patio Baby (Indian), Millionaire (Japanese), Rosa Bianca (Italian), and Gretel (white). Cankered stem length was greater on Black Beauty and Fairy Tale than on Gretel. Hansel (Chinese) and Gretel produced the most healthy, unblemished marketable fruit; Patio Baby, Millionaire, and Fairy Tale had a moderate number; and Black Beauty and Rosa Bianca produced the fewest fruit. Percentage fruit rot both years was greater (P ≤ 0.01) on Black Beauty than Hansel, Gretel, Patio Baby, and Rosa Bianca. Several eggplant cultivars, such as Hansel and Gretel, are less susceptible to Phomopsis fruit rot than Black Beauty and produce more marketable fruit than several other specialty eggplant cultivars.

Antioxidant Activity of Elderberry Fruits during Maturation

Antioxidant activity (AOA) in fruits of Sambucus nigra and several new elderberry interspecific hybrids involving S. javanica (JA), S. nigra subsp. nigra (NI), S. nigra subsp. nigra ‘Black Beauty’ (BB), S. nigra subsp. cerulea (CER) and S. racemosa (S. racemosa subsp. racemosa (RAC), S. racemosa subsp. racemosa var. miquelii (MIQ), S. racemosa subsp. tigranii (TIG), S. racemosa subsp. kamtschatica—coreana (KOR) at five maturity stages were investigated by applying DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)), FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and ORAC (oxygen radical absorption capacity) assays. The aim of the study was to compare different assays for estimating AOA in elderberries, to plan the appropriate harvest time and to determine whether the most promising genotypes could be predicted in advance. All assays used showed that AOA increased significantly during maturation. All assays were significantly correlated with each other and could be reliably used for the AOA determination of elderberries. In fully mature berries, significant correlations were also found between total phenolic (TP) content and AOA by all assays, but no significant correlations were found between total ascorbic acid (TAA) content and AOA by all assays. At the fully mature stage, (the most appropriate stage for harvesting), berries of (JA × NI) × BB and (JA × NI) × MIQ were found to be superior in AOA and TP content. Genotypes with higher/lower AOA and TP content could not be predicted in advance, while TAA showed the opposite.

1919–1925

Chapter Five pays special attention to writer-director-actor Larry Semon, who transformed the company's approach to comedy from reality-based characters and situations to absurd, frenetic slapstick. This resulted in Semon emerging as Vitagraph's biggest box office star of the 1920s. The popularity of Western-themed serials is covered, as is the rise of Corinne Griffith in becoming Vitagraph's leading female star. Two of the company's most critical and popular successes, Black Beauty and Captain Blood, are considered in depth. Albert Smith's battles with Adolph Zukor, whose initial efforts to "smash Vitagraph" are covered in the previous chapter, culminate here with Vitagraph's decision to bring suit against Paramount for violation of the Clayton Anti-Trust Act, which is analyzed in detail. Related is Vitagraph's withdrawal from the MPPDA and its criticism of president Will Hays as a shill for Paramount. The chapter concludes with Smith's decision to sell Vitagraph to Warner Bros. in 1925.

EFFECTS OF CULTIVATION SYSTEMS AND CULTIVARS ON GROWTH AND YIELD PERFORMANCE OF JAPANESE EGGPLANT IN THAILAND

In the current study impacts of different cultivation systems and Japanese eggplant cultivars on their growth and yield were determined. Four Japanese eggplant cultivars viz., ‘Fullness’, ‘Black Beauty’, ‘Wasedaimaru’ and ‘Israel’ were grown under two systems of organic and conventional cultivations from 2 April to 16 July 2018 at the Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Songkhla Rajabhat University, Muang, Songkhla. The experimental arrangement used in this study was split-plots design (SPD) within a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Results of the study indicated that ‘Wasedaimaru’ and ‘Fullness’ were suitable for growing under the organically managed production. ‘Wasedaimaru’ grown under an organic cultivation system had a lower yield per plant at 4,444.00g than grown under conventional chemical cultivation at 6,848.40g. The organic yield was not significantly different (p≤0.05) from ‘Fullness’ grown under organic cultivation at 3,947.40g. ‘Wasedaimaru’ and ‘Fullness’ were identified as suitable cultivars for production under organic cultivation in Thailand with high yield.

Pertencimento e representação imagética: a negritude na universidade/ Belonging and imagetic representation: negritude in university

A imagem da capa é resultado dos ensaios fotográficos que tiveram como tema “Espelho, voz e potência”, realizados pelo projeto “Espaço Seguro: acolhimento e estratégias de enfrentamento às violências cotidianas do machismo e do racismo”, executado pela Terapia Ocupacional de uma universidade pública brasileira. Os ensaios fotográficos tiveram como intuito enaltecer a beleza negra, proporcionar cuidado e empoderamento de si e de suas potências. A atividade também teve como objetivo fortalecer o pertencimento do povo negro na expressão de sua cidadania na relação com o ensino superior, a importância da diversidade neste espaço e ressaltar a função social da universidade pública brasileira.Palavras-chave: Fotografia, Racismo, Sexismo, Terapia ocupacional.AbstractThe cover image is the result of photo essays, which theme was “Mirror, voice and power”, carried out in the project “Secure Space: welcoming and combat strategies to the daily violence of sexism and racism”, executed by the Occupational Therapy in a brazilian public university. The photo essays aimed to enhance the black beauty, care and empowerment of yourself and your potencies. The activity’s purpose was also reinforcing the black people's sense of belonging in the expression of their citizenship in relation to higher education, the importance of diversity in this space and to highlight the social function of the brazilian public university.Keywords: Photograph, Racism, Sexism, Occupational therapy.ResumenLa imagen de portada es el resultado de ensayos fotográficos, cuyo tema fue "Espejo, voz y poder", realizado en el proyecto "Espacio Seguro: estrategias de acogida y afrontamiento a la violencia cotidiana del machismo y el racismo", realizado por la Terapia Ocupacional de un universidad pública brasileña. Los ensayos fotográficos tenían la intención de ensalzar la belleza negra, proporcionar cuidado, cuidado y empoderamiento de ellos mismos y sus poderes. El propósito de la actividad de fortalecer la pertenencia de los negros en la expresión de su ciudadanía en relación con la educación superior, la importancia de la diversidad en este espacio y resaltar la función social de la universidad pública brasileña.Palabras clave: Fotografía, Racismo, Sexismo, Terapia ocupacional.

Paint a Better Mood? Effects of Makeup Use on YouTube Beauty Influencers’ Self-Esteem

Although 90% of women between the ages of 18 and 29 report using makeup, research on the motivation and effects of makeup use on self-esteem is lacking. The purposes of this qualitative study is to (1) understand the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation to use makeup on self-esteem, (2) explore whether makeup use may serve as a buffer for low self-esteem, and (3) explore the impact of sociocultural scripts and hegemonic beauty on self-esteem in ethnoracially diverse YouTube beauty influencers. Jacobsen’s Aesthetics of Psychology framework was used to classify narratives of nine female beauty influencers aged between 21 and 40 years from the United States and Great Britain, who self-identified as Black, Hispanic, and White. Makeup use may have a more direct effect on self-esteem if internally motivated and viewed as a mechanism for creativity, mastery, agency, and human connection. Likewise, makeup use may indirectly buffer low mood/self-esteem for those who are externally motivated to use makeup in order to avoid guilt, enhance ego, and promote audience confidence. Results elucidate the importance of motivation to use makeup and its implications for positive mood regulation/enhanced self-esteem through the development of mental health interventions involving makeup application. Findings illuminate the experiences of women in media and public domains and are particularly salient for women of color who may be more extrinsically motivated to use makeup due to hegemonic beauty standards, as Black beauty influencers reported industry disparities in pay/salary, sponsorships, and subscriber count compared with young, White influencers.