Epilogue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man-Fung Yip
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Open Door Policy ◽  
British Colony ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
The One ◽  
Great Prosperity ◽  
Post Cultural Revolution ◽  
The City

An underlying premise of this book is that Hong Kong martial arts cinema from the mid-1960s through the end of the 1970s, marked by new aesthetic and thematic directions as well as by new practices of transnationality, is best conceptualized as a cultural counterpart and response to processes of modernization and modernity that were shaping the former British colony. But despite its specific time focus, the issues explored in the book have broader significance and are useful for understanding martial arts films of more recent times. Without doubt, Hong Kong continued and intensified its march towards urban-capitalist modernization throughout the 1980s, the 1990s, and beyond. The pace of growth—economically, socially, and demographically—showed no signs of slowing during the period. On the one hand, the population expanded from 4 million in 1970 to 6.7 million in 2000. On the other hand, although the economy underwent a process of restructuring in the 1980s when the “Open Door” policy of post–Cultural Revolution China and other factors resulted in the relocation of Hong Kong’s industrial sector to the mainland and triggered its transition from labor-intensive manufacturing to finance- and service-oriented industries, the city continued to enjoy great prosperity and had by the mid-1990s established itself as one of the world’s foremost centers of international trade and finance. Rapid growth spawned more transportation, shops, infrastructure, entertainment, and commodities. As a result, the city became more congested, frantic, and noisy—in short, perceptually busier and more intense—than ever before. Meanwhile, gender relations and identities were also in constant reformulation as both men and women tried to negotiate the changing social, economic, and political contexts of Hong Kong....

Post/Colonial Bach

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Yvonne Liao
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Special Administrative Region ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
City Hall ◽  
Administrative Region ◽  
British Colony ◽  
The City

This chapter contributes a new post-European perspective to Bach studies, re-examining J. S. Bach as a colonial import in Hong Kong in relation to its post/colonial condition across a British colony (1842–1997) and a Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China (1997–present). Based on its proposition of rethinking Europe “after Europe,” the chapter considers post/colonial Bach across three specific institutions: The Helena May, a colonial club originally for women members; the Anglican St John’s Cathedral in the early 1900s and “landmark churches” (i.e., declared monuments or listed buildings) in the 2010s; and the City Hall in the later decades of the twentieth century. The chapter concludes with some further thoughts on the symbolism of post/colonial Bach, extending from its significance for Bach studies to related matters of historiography.

The Hangover after the Handover

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Y.W. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cultural Representations ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
British Colony ◽  
One Country Two Systems ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Interdisciplinary Study

As a former British colony (1842-1997) and now a Special Administrative Region (from 1997 onwards) practicing the “One Country Two Systems” policy with the People’s Republic of China, Hong Kong has witnessed at all times how relations are formed, dissolved and refashioned amidst changing powers, identities and narratives. With an eye to real-life events and cultural representations, the book presents an interdisciplinary study of “local relations” through the lens of the things and places that stand or that have once stood for Hong Kong’s “local”. The book argues that the signification of the local and the constellation of local relations embody the continuous acts of deterritorialization and reterritorialization beyond the political arena and through the cultural and social relations formed between cultural icons and urban dwellers. In its post-handover, post-hangover years where Hong Kong’s local multiples by appearance and connotation as in the 2014 Umbrella Movement and the 2019 Anti-Extradition Bill Protests, the book proposes lessons to learn from the city in face of the discourses of nationalism, globalization and localism. As more are to unfold, the book opens up manifold postcolonial perspectives by the agency of both human and nonhuman to confront and interrogate the contemporary experiences—unprecedented since the Cold War era—shared by Hong Kong and the world where established beliefs and systems are continuously challenged in the postmillennial era. After all, what does it mean, or take, to live in post-1997 Hong Kong when the local, global and national are constantly given new meanings?

scholarly journals Higher Education Restructuring and Academic Freedom in Hong Kong

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole J. Petersen ◽  
Jan Currie
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Academic Freedom ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Systems Model ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
British Colony ◽  
Publicly Supported ◽  
The One ◽  
National Governments

A former British colony, Hong Kong was reunited with the People's Republic of China in 1997 under the ‘one country two systems’ model. The Hong Kong Basic Law contains detailed provisions for academic freedom, ensuring that local academics enjoy far greater freedom than their counterparts in mainland China. Hong Kong academics and the broader community have also publicly supported academic freedom when they perceived it to be under threat. The authors argue, however, that the recent restructuring of Hong Kong's universities may ultimately pose a greater threat than any explicit interference from the local or national governments.

A Displaced City and Postmemory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Song
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Cold War ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
South Side ◽  
Liang Shiqiu ◽  
Jin Yong ◽  
Literary Topography ◽  
The City

This chapter examines how Sinophone writers from PRC, Taiwan, and Hong Kong compose their Beijing narratives to articulate their anxiety and desire, frustrated and fluid subjectivities. Liang Shiqiu a Beijing native, Taipei dweller, literary guru, and sophisticated connoisseur of fine cuisine, writes about Beijing cuisine to evoke emotional affiliation, gastronomic nostalgia, and imagined reunion. Both originally from Taiwan, Lin Haiyin romanticizes her memory of the south side of Beijing from an innocent girl’s perspective, while Zhong Lihe sharply criticizes the inferior and filthy life of Beijing’s social underclass and paints a bleak urban picture in his disillusioning discovery of the old capital during the Chinese Civil War. Hong Kong émigré writer Jin Yong intertwines literary topography and martial-arts fantasy, inscribes post-loyalist attachments and detachments onto the city, and suggests a hybrid and flexible identity, formed in the chivalric gestures of intervening in core political urban settings and fleeing to the margins and frontiers. In the shadow of World Wars and Cold War, a dislocated and relocated Beijing appears in the border-crossing diasporic writing and Sinophone postmemory.

Hong Kong as an International Tourism Space

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-Kwan Mark
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Vietnam War ◽  
Cultural Revolution ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Mass Tourism ◽  
The Us ◽  
Leisure Travelers ◽  
The One ◽  
North Vietnam ◽  
The City

After 1945 globalization and mass tourism were mutually reinforcing developments. A traditionally free travel space, Hong Kong was part and parcel of the globalization of tourism. Major international and regional airlines operated in and through Hong Kong; new hotels sprang up whilst the older ones expanded in size; and the city became the ’shopping paradise’ of the world. For Americans, whether businessmen, leisure travelers, or military personnel on rest and recreation, Hong Kong was one of the most desirable destinations in Asia, second only to Japan. Yet the globalization of American tourism was a highly politicized process. Due to its strategic location, Hong Kong became embroiled in the geopolitics of the Vietnam War and the political spillover of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. In the mid-1960s, Beijing repeatedly protested against what it claimed was the US Navy’s use of Hong Kong as a “base of aggression” against North Vietnam. Meanwhile, in 1967 left-wing elements in Hong Kong carried out their own Cultural Revolution-style struggle against the authorities. Sandwiched between American demands for ’R & R’ facilities on the one hand, and the Chinese protests and local Maoist challenges on the other, the Hong Kong government had to deliberate on the future of American tourism.

Neoliberalism, Laissez-Faire Capitalism and Economic Crisis: The Political Economy of Deindustrialisation in Hong Kong

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Wai-Chung Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
The Other ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Colonial State ◽  
Laissez Faire ◽  
The One

The search for an “institutional fix” to enable national and sub-national economies to survive global competition and change has attracted some attention from analysts of regional development and global political economy in recent years. Tracing the historical processes of industrialisation in Hong Kong prior to its reversion to China in July 1997, this paper aims to provide some empirical support for the contention that neoliberalism is a major contributor to the recent economic crisis of deindustrialisation in Hong Kong. In particular, this paper examines three areas in which the laissez-faire colonial state in Hong Kong has failed to provide the necessary institutional support for industrialisation: (1) quota restrictions; (2) technological upgrading and (3) outward investment Such a failure has resulted in the progressive decline of Hong Kong's industrial sector and the lagging performance of Hong Kong's manufacturing industries vis-à-vis counterparts in the other three Asian newly industrialised economies. On the one hand, the Hong Kong government has ceded its power to local big businesses whose financial and commercial interests are more faithfully represented in various political decision bodies. On the other hand, Hong Kong's industrial sector has faced serious competitive pressures from global economic change and concomitant industrial restructuring. The long term survival of the industrial sector in Hong Kong, to a large extent, rests on the role of a proactive state and its institutional capacities.

scholarly journals Beyond nationhood: Border and coming of age in Hong Kong cinema

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-168
Author(s):  
Weng Kit Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Symbolic Form ◽  
Cultural Productions ◽  
The North ◽  
Border Community ◽  
Hong Kong Cinema ◽  
British Colony ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The City

The 1950s of Hong Kong manifests the initiation of a communal imagination oscillating in between the sovereignty of a British colony and the reality of a Chinese territory. The influx of immigrants from the north and, as a result, the establishment of a border during the 1950s not only restructured the demographic composition of the city but also brought along new momentum for mass cultural productions. Along the contestations and reconciliations between different ethnicities, languages, and identities, Hong Kong cultural configuration has since then embarked on a trajectory of its own, including the conceptualizations of childhood, border, and national ambiguity. Whether this piece of land was once desecrated by colonialism or this reclaimed territory is now alienated by renationalization, the formation of childhood serves as a critical lens to examine the meaning of border and nation from the colonial to the postcolonial eras of Hong Kong. Capitalizing on two titles produced in the early 1950s and in the late 1990s of Hong Kong cinema, namely, Fung Fung’s The Kid (1950) and Fruit Chan’s Little Cheung (1999), this article aims to explore the correlation between border, community, and nationality through the life adventures of the child protagonists, whose transitions and explorations are entangled with a political and territorial border that polarizes our sinophonic imagination in the ongoing present of China–Hong Kong division. In this context, the cultural configuration of Bildungsroman, apart from manifesting Franco Moretti’s “the symbolic form of modernity” or Marc Redfield’s “acculturation of the self,” should embody the struggles with an obscure nationality, as here exemplified from the footprints of childhood tiptoeing on and off the borders of Hong Kong.

Incidência da utilização de protetores bucais em diversos esportes de contato

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (45) ◽  
pp. 118-122
Author(s):  
Victor Paes Dias Gonçalves ◽  
Hugo Leonardo Matias Nahmias ◽  
Marcus Menezes Alves Azevedo
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
The Face ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
The City

Among contact sports, the practice of martial arts offers a greater risk of causing dental trauma and fractures as contact with the face is more frequent. The primary objective of the research is to evaluate the incidence of mouthguard use, and the secondary objective is to verify which type has a greater predominance and the difficulties in its use correlating to the type of mouthguard used. A documentary study was carried out with 273 athletes of different contact sports, among them: MMA, Boxing, Muay Thai, Jiu-Jitsu, and Taekwondo of the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was concluded that the most commonly used mouthguard is PB Boils and Bites - Type II and its level of approval is poor, interfering with the athletes’ performance, mainly in relation to the breathing factor.

Evaluation of Road Utilisation as Space For Holding Social Ceremonies in Indigenous Residential Area of Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (March 2018) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A Okanlawon ◽  
O.O Odunjo ◽  
S.A Olaniyan
Keyword(s):  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Noisy Environment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Core ◽  
Local Roads ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

This study examined Residents’ evaluation of turning transport infrastructure (road) to spaces for holding social ceremonies in the indigenous residential zone of Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Upon stratifying the city into the three identifiable zones, the core, otherwise known as the indigenous residential zone was isolated for study. Of the twenty (20) political wards in the two local government areas of the town, fifteen (15) wards that were located in the indigenous zone constituted the study area. Respondents were selected along one out of every three (33.3%) of the Trunk — C (local) roads being the one mostly used for the purpose in the study area. The respondents were the residents, commercial motorists, commercial motorcyclists, and celebrants. Six hundred and forty-two (642) copies of questionnaire were administered and harvested on the spot. The Mean Analysis generated from the respondents’ rating of twelve perceived hazards listed in the questionnaire were then used to determine respondents’ most highly rated perceived consequences of the practice. These were noisy environment, Blockage of drainage by waste, and Endangering the life of the sick on the way to hospital; the most highly rated reasons why the practice came into being; and level of acceptability of the practice which was found to be very unacceptable in the study area. Policy makers should therefore focus their attention on strict enforcement of the law prohibiting the practice in order to ensure more cordial relationship among the citizenry, seeing citizens’ unacceptability of the practice in the study area.

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