Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bray
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
East Asian Region ◽  
Medical Associations ◽  
History Of ◽  
Gender And Health ◽  
And Gender

This volume breaks new ground in the history of East Asian biopolitics, offering the first broad-based exploration of gender and health in the region during the long twentieth century. The core theme is the complex meshing of biology, body, and citizen that underpins projects of biological nation building and molds the forms of modern subjectivity. The nine case studies presented here, spanning Japan, Korea, China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong from the 1870s to the present, demonstrate just how tightly concerns with gender and health have been woven into the enterprise of modernization and nation building throughout the period. Colonial powers and medical associations, government bureaucrats, military personnel, and pharmaceutical companies as well as scientists, educators, and medical practitioners contributed to the legitimation and popularization of evolving scientific discourses and interpretations of the gendered body, sex, and reproductive health. As novel visions of the body and its possibilities took shape, new expressions of individuality, sociality, transgression or resistance, new desires, and fears emerged. Across the region and over the decades, norms and ideals, techniques, terminology, and forms of scientific or cultural authority circulated and converged, faded and resurfaced. In mapping such flows, influences, and reactions, the volume highlights the prominent role that the biopolitics of health and gender has played in knitting and shaping the East Asian region as we know it today....

scholarly journals Iconografía y uso de la orina en la Historia del Arte / Iconography and Use of Urine in the History of Art

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
José Antonio Colón Fraile
Keyword(s):  
Contemporary Art ◽  
The Body ◽  
Artistic Expression ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Complex Images

ABSTRACTWe studied how the urinating action and the use of the own urine have been used as an element of artistic expression in different art throughout history disciplines. This tour was organized by subject indexes, from the simplest to the most complex images semiotically. Contemporary art deserved special attention by incorporating the use of the body and its fluids as examples of human fears and obsessions, characterized the appearance of urine by its radicalism and gender affiliation.RESUMENSe estudia cómo se ha representado la acción de orinar y el uso de la propia orina como elemento de expresión artística en las distintas disciplinas a lo largo de la historia del arte. Se estructura este recorrido por índices temáticos, desde las imágenes más simples hasta las semióticamente más complejas, comenzando por la representación de niños que orinan, utilizados en todas las épocas como imagen de lo anecdótico y motivo decorativo para fuentes y jardines. Se continúa por otras imágenes que, aun siendo protagonizadas también por niños, poseen niveles de lectura culturalmente más elevados. Se divide este estudio en dos grandes épocas antagónicas: el mito de la Edad de Oro, estado natural y privilegiado para el ser humano, y el posterior mito de la caída en el que la sexualidad connota el acto de orinar ofreciéndonos nuevas lecturas desde el erotismo, la pornografía y su uso político-propagandístico. 

Advertising Women: Gender and the Vendor in the Print Culture of the Medical Marketplace, 1660–1830

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara M. Benedict
Keyword(s):  
Print Culture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
The Public ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
The Social ◽  
Public World ◽  
Medical Marketplace ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Ambiguous Position

This essay asks when and how did early periodical advertisements identify or solicit consumers by gender? In response to this question, Barbara Benedict analyses the representations and self-representation of women medical practitioners (physicians and apothecaries) and the female body in handbills and newspaper advertisements from 1650 to 1751. It argues that the rough-and-tumble world of advertisement provided women with opportunities to capitalise on their gendered physicality, despite the social and gender prejudices this move entailed. Benedict illuminates how medical ads by women physicians occupy an ambiguous position as simultaneously participants in the public world, the printed marketplace, and as privileged or limited by their special connection to domesticity, and particularly to the body. Print, the essay concludes, enabled early female medical practitioners to compete in the medical marketplace.

scholarly journals Men of Parts: Masculine Embodiment and the Male Leg in Eighteenth-Century England

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 797-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sexual Difference ◽  
Visual Representations ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
The Body ◽  
Material Objects ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThis essay explores changes in eighteenth-century male clothing in the context of the history of sexual difference, gender roles, and masculinity. The essay contributes to a history of dress by reconstructing a range of meanings and social practices through which men's clothing was understood by its consumers. Furthermore, critically engaging with work on the “great male renunciation,” the essay argues that the public authority that accrued to men through their clothing was based not on a new image of a rational disembodied man but instead on an emphasis on the male anatomy and masculinity as intrinsically embodied. Drawing on findings from the material objects of eighteenth-century clothing, visual representations, and evidence from the archival records of male consumers, the essay adopts an interdisciplinary approach that allows historians to study sex and gender as embodied, rather than simply performed. In so doing, the essay not only treats “embodiment” as an historical category but also responds to recent shifts in the historical discipline and the wider academy towards a more corporealist approach to the body.

Korean Anatomical Charts in the Context of the East Asian Medical Tradition

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 186-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuseok Kim ◽  
Shin Dongwon
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Texts ◽  
Traditional Korean Medicine ◽  
Medical Tradition ◽  
Anatomical Images ◽  
History Of ◽  
Medical Book ◽  
Pictorial Representations

Abstract This paper examines the characteristics of the illustrations in Heo Jun’s Dong’ui’bo’gam (Treasured Collections of an Eastern Physician), which are the sole distinctively Korean pictorial representations in the history of Korean medical texts. Those anatomical images differ from earlier East Asian anatomical charts in three important ways. First, they embody the view that Daoist practices for preserving health and vitality (yangsheng) are closer to the essence of life than is medicine. Second, unlike existing medical texts, which mainly focused on the organs inside the body and the channels on the surface of the body, they emphasise building up systematic outer ‘bodily form’. Third, they reflect Heo Jun’s regard for the anatomical content of the earlier Inner Canon and the Classic of Difficulties rather than the contributions of positivistic anatomy from and after the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and the diagrams of the five zang- organs are devised in accord with such a view. In my view, these three points in Treasured Collections of an Eastern Physician (hereafter Treasured Collection), the most influential medical book since its publication, provides clues to understanding the very conservative character of traditional Korean medicine in the seventeenth century and thereafter.

Health and Medicine in the Enlightenment

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Spray
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
The Body ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Ordinary Life ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Mass Inoculation

This article discusses the transformation of medicine at the very end of the century and thus represents a shift both in the training of medical practitioners and in accounts of the body. The eighteenth century has been described as a time of increasing medicalization of Western societies. Though this is usually portrayed as a growth in the power of medical practitioners over ordinary life, in practice lay people may also understand it as an increasing embrace of the medical. The eighteenth century continues to be viewed as a critical period in the history of medicine, as the century when bodies became the subject of large-scale political intervention, from centralized responses to plague epidemics or mass inoculation programmes early in the century to the growing use of mortality tables at its end. To portray these knowledge projects in all their complexity, historians still need to embrace the full implications of treating eighteenth-century medical knowledge as a political enterprise.

scholarly journals Five thousand years of minimal access surgery: 1850 to 1990: Technological developments

2020 ◽  
pp. 014107682096791
Author(s):  
Rachel Hargest
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Care ◽  
The Body ◽  
Minimal Access Surgery ◽  
Minimal Access ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
History Of ◽  
Access Surgery

Summary This is the second of a three-part series that charts the history of minimal access surgery from antiquity to current times. Although rapid developments in laparoscopic and robotic surgery have transformed surgical care over the last 30 years, our predecessors made significant advances in their time which set the principles for modern practice. Part I of this series described how ancient medical practitioners developed simple instruments, from metal or wood, for viewing body cavities. Improvements in the use of metal, glass and lighting allowed for inspection of deeper parts of the body. This second part of the series will show how advances in electrical technology allowed the development of improved lighting for endoscopy and laparoscopy along with the use of electrocautery for a wide range of therapeutic procedures.

Gender, Health, and History in Modern East Asia

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
Health Knowledge ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
East Asian Region ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Gendered Bodies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Labor Requirements

This volume explores gender and health in the East Asian region during the long twentieth century. The nine chapters represent cases studies from China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan, with complex interactions of biology, body, gender, and modernity from the 1870s to the present. The book is organized into three sections. The first series of chapters highlight processes that standardize gendered bodies in theories of physical development and reproductive technologies in modern and postcolonial East Asia in face of changing political and demographic needs and realities. The second section focuses on women producing and consuming health knowledge, facilitated by growing consumer and media cultures, where the marketing of health and medical products and knowledge not only competed with the state over the formation of gender and body norms and roles, but allowed for selective production and consumption by women themselves. The final section of three chapters examine how labor requirements, military cultures, and demographic policies shaped and were shaped by competing visions of masculinity, influenced by changing medical authorities and legitimacy of colonial powers and postcolonial nation-states. By illuminating these flows of knowledge, influences, and reactions, this volume highlights the prominent role that biopolitics of health and gender has played in knitting and shaping the East Asian region as we know it today.

scholarly journals The Charming Tale of Charm Needles!

2017 ◽  
Vol 07 (02) ◽  
pp. 066-068
Author(s):  
Sham Kishor Kanneppady ◽  
Sowmya Sham Kanneppady ◽  
Anusha Rangare Lakshman ◽  
Khoo Suan Phaik ◽  
Shishir Ram Shetty
Keyword(s):  
Medical Practice ◽  
East Asian ◽  
The Body ◽  
South East Asian Region ◽  
Facial Region ◽  
East Asian Region ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Traditional Belief ◽  
The People ◽  
Different Parts

AbstractCharm needles or susuk are needle-shaped metallic objects inserted subcutaneously in different parts of the body. The practice of inserting susuk is, an indisputably cultural and superstitious traditional belief common in the south-east Asian region, especially to the people of Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia and Brunei. With increased use of diagnostic radiographs in dental or medical practice, the discovery of charm needles has become more frequent. We report one such case of charm needles inserted in oro-facial region which was discovered in routine dental radiograph, with emphasis on cultural and traditional belief.

scholarly journals Arsenicosis and its management

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
NB Shakya ◽  
SL Rajbhandari ◽  
RK Deo ◽  
SM Jha
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Body ◽  
Arsenic Toxicity ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
South East Asian Region ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
East Asian Region ◽  
Soil And Water

Arsenic is a metalloid, a known poison as well as carcinogen that occurs naturally in earth,s crust. It is found in most of the environmental media such as air, soil and water. It enters the body through ingestion, inhalation and per cutaneous route. Health hazards of arsenic toxicity can occur as acute and chronic forms. Recently arsenicosis has emerged as a public health problem in many countries of South East Asian region. DOI: 10.3126/jcmsn.v6i3.4079Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2010, Vol. 6, No. 3 pp.58-63

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