The Making of Bible Women in the Fujian Zenana Mission from the 1880s to the 1950s

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-82
Author(s):  
Zhou Yun
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Women Missionaries ◽  
Intercultural Communications ◽  
Intercultural Exchange ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Bible Women ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Church

This chapter explores women missionaries from the Church of England Zenana Mission Society and their Bible women in Fujian. It focuses on the intercultural exchange between these two groups of women from entirely different backgrounds from the 1880s to the 1950s, with an aim to address Chinese experience from a transnational perspective. It shows that Bible women were central figures in a process of proselytizing local women and were formed mainly through a series of intercultural communications with their Western mission workers. The author argues that Bible women were the combined historic product of a particular Chinese historical and cultural context and a worldwide evangelical workforce by Western women, developed through transnational interactions and nurtured in a relationship of sisterhood and friendship.

Deaconesses in the South China Missions of the Church Missionary Society (CMS), 1922–1951

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-106
Author(s):  
Peter Cunich
Keyword(s):  
South China ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Women Missionaries ◽  
Northern European ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Church Missionary Society ◽  
Christian Order ◽  
Mission Field ◽  
The Church

The ancient Christian order of deaconess, reintroduced into the northern European churches from the 1830s, had grown to include nearly 60,000 women around the world by the 1950s. The Church of England set aside its first deaconess in 1862, but the potential benefits of deploying deaconesses in the southern China missions was not appreciated so quickly by the Church Missionary Society. The Fukien mission ordained the first six deaconesses for southern China in 1922, and another three were ordained in the Kwangsi-Hunan diocese in 1932, but these were all European women. Seven Chinese deaconesses were ultimately ordained in Fukien before 1942, but the only other mission field where the female diaconate rose to prominence was Hong Kong, where Florence Li Tim-oi’s ordination as a deaconess in 1941 led to her controversial ordination to the priesthood in 1944. This essay examines the slow growth of the deaconess movement in the CMS south China missions up to 1950 and evaluates the achievements of these women before the closure of China to Western missionaries. It also suggests some reasons why the widespread hopes that the female diaconate would provide an ‘enlarged sphere of service’ for women missionaries in south China ultimately proved elusive.

‘Standing in the old ways’: historical legitimation of Church reform in the Church of England, c. 1825–65

1997 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 407-422
Author(s):  
R. Arthur Burns
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Church And State ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Church Reform ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Church

During the early and mid-nineteenth century the Church of England underwent a wide-ranging series of institutional reforms. These were intended to meet the pastoral challenges of industrial society, acknowledge the changing relationship of Church and State, and answer the more pertinent criticisms of its radical and dissenting antagonists. Particularly during the 1830s, the constitutional adjustments of 1828–32, the accession of a Whig administration, and widening internal divisions appeared to place the Church in a newly perilous position. The reforms were consequently enacted in a highly charged and febrile atmosphere. Each measure was closely scrutinized by concerned and sometimes panic-stricken Anglicans,’ seeking to establish whether it would strengthen the Church or was in fact a manifestation of threatening forces. In such circumstances, the legitimation of reform assumed crucial importance. As ever, the prospective reformer required a legitimation which would appeal to the widest possible constituency. Among allies, it could serve to embolden waverers, doubters, and often the reformer himself. If possible, it should engage the sympathies of potential opponents. It was also essential that the legitimation would not so constrain the reformer that the initiative’s practical effectiveness was blunted.

Missionary Women as Models in the Cross-Cultural Context

1982 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Hiebert
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Women Missionaries ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Mission Agencies ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Missionary Women ◽  
The Church

Long neglected in missionary histories, women missionaries are the unsung heroes of the past century, and well may be the source of much of this century's missionary success stories, says Fran Hiebert in this provocative article. Instead of claiming to be the champions of women, Western mission agencies may need to repent and look for some ashcloth if they are not going to lose their credibility vis-à-vis the church in the Two-Thirds World.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Richard A. Muller
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Church Of England ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Divine Grace ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Libertarian Freedom ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church

This study of William Perkins’ thought on grace and free choice places his thought in the variegated tradition of the Reformation as established by writers like Calvin, Vermigli, Bullinger, and Musculus. More specifically, his thought can be placed in the version of that tradition exemplified in the Thirty-Nine Articles of the Church of England and in the Elizabethan Settlement. Closer examination of Perkins’ thought in its context yields a window on the more technical understanding of the relationship of divine grace to human knowing and willing, which demonstrates its eclectic reception of late medieval scholasticism, its elaboration of the work of the Reformers, and its distance from modern theories of compatibilist and libertarian freedom. This work traces Perkins’ views on the nature of free will both as created and in the fallen and regenerate states of humanity, correlating them with the views of Reformed contemporaries, and lining out the issues that they sought to address.

scholarly journals Church Uniforms as an Indigenous Form of Anglicanism: A South African Case Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-171
Author(s):  
Beverley Haddad
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Church Leadership ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
African Women ◽  
Women Missionaries ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Church

AbstractAfrican women members of the Mothers’ Union in South Africa have forged a neo-indigenous expression of Christianity best expressed in the characteristics of the manyano movement (women’s prayer groups) which include extempore prayer and preaching, extensive fundraising, and the wearing of a church uniform. These women had to resist the restrictions placed upon them by women missionaries and church leadership from England, which included the abolishment of the church uniform during the 1950s. The article traces their struggle of resistance during this period and shows how they fought to wear a uniform and so identified themselves with the movement of women’s prayer unions existing in other churches. It also addresses the significance of the uniform as identified by elderly women from Vulindlela, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa and suggests some of the existing ambiguities of the church uniform in the current church context.

Traditions within the Church of England and Psychological Type: A Study among the Clergy

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Village
Keyword(s):  
Church Of England ◽  
Type A ◽  
Psychological Type ◽  
Religious Expression ◽  
Moral Behaviour ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Church ◽  
Church Tradition

Abstract This study examines the relationship of psychological type preferences to membership of three different traditions within the Church of England: Anglo-catholic, broad church and evangelical. A sample of 1047 clergy recently ordained in the Church of England completed the Francis Psychological Type Scales and self-assigned measures of church tradition, conservatism and charismaticism. The majority of clergy preferred introversion over extraversion, but this preference was more marked among Anglo-catholics than among evangelicals. Anglo-catholics showed preference for intuition over sensing, while the reverse was true for evangelicals. Clergy of both sexes showed an overall preference for feeling over thinking, but this was reversed among evangelical clergymen. The sensing-intuition difference between traditions persisted after controlling for conservatism and charismaticism, suggesting it was linked to preferences for different styles of religious expression in worship. Conservatism was related to preferences for sensing over intuition (which may promote preference for traditional worship and parochial practices) and thinking over feeling (which for evangelicals may promote adherence to traditional theological principles and moral behaviour). Charismaticism was associated with preferences for extraversion over introversion, intuition over sensing, and feeling over thinking. Reasons for these associations are discussed in the light of known patterns of belief and practice across the various traditions of the Church of England.

scholarly journals PRAGMATICS OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATIONS IN STUDYING RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (34) ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S SIMAKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Intercultural Communications ◽  
Intercultural Exchange ◽  
Communication Needs ◽  
Observation Method

Purpose: justification of a pragmatic approach in the study of Russian as a foreign language. Methods . Linguoculturological analysis provides insight into the interaction and interdependence of language and culture in speech behaviour, supplemented by the observation method, which makes it possible to describe various aspects and phenomena in intercultural exchange, and by the discursive method, which reveals the dynamism of their mutual influence. Findings. Mutual intelligibility as the basis of intercultural exchange is based on the qualitative communication indicators, which ensure the openness, accessibility and clarity of the communicative intentions of the parties involved. Conscious entry into the zone of common meanings suggests reaching agreement while preserving the cultural identity of the participants. The pragmatic approach to the study of Russian as a foreign language consists in the formation of strategic planning skills for speech behaviour that correlates communication needs, speech competencies and cultural phenomena significant for communication. Conclusions. The study of the communication phenomenon theoretically justifies the adaptation of students to various situations of intercultural exchange. The search for a communicative solution requires guidelines for speech behaviour, which the student draws from the social and cultural context. Cultural phenomena are not only the subject of the study, but they also develop communication skills in terms of their application in various situations. The use of speech genres that are actively prevalent in the world culture in studying facilitates the achievement of mutual intelligibility, contributing to the independent strategic planning of speech behaviour, taking into account own communication needs.

Cristóbal Balenciaga. Explorations in Traditional Spanish Aesthetics

Costume ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-185
Author(s):  
Ana Balda Arana
Keyword(s):  
Creative Process ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Doctoral Thesis ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Religious Iconography

This article investigates how the traditional attire and religious iconography of Cristóbal Balenciaga's (1895–1972) country of origin inspired his designs. The arguments presented here build on what has already been established on the subject, provide new data regarding the cultural context that informed the couturier's creative process (with which the Anglo-Saxon world is less familiar) and conclude by investigating the reasons and timing of his exploration of these fields. They suggest why this Spanish influence is present in his innovations in the 1950s and 1960s and go beyond clichéd interpretations of the ruffles of flamenco dress and bullfighters’ jackets. The findings derive from research for the author's doctoral thesis and her curatorial contribution to the exhibition Coal and Velvet. Balenciaga and Ortiz Echagüe. Views on the Popular Costume (Balenciaga Museum, Getaria, Spain, 7 October 2016–7 May 2017).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document