Religion, Friction, and Cultural Encounter in the Anti–Mountaintop Removal Movement
This final chapter examines the cultural encounters and points of friction between different activists and stakeholders associated with the anti-mountaintop removal movement. In their efforts, activists sometimes encountered conflicting views on Appalachian place, identity, and religion. These views met in points of friction, in anthropologist Anna Tsing’s term, where they often hybridized or changed to generate new perspectives on the issue or to support previously held ideas about place, religion, and identity. Examples of these debates include discussions of “insider” Appalachian identity and fears of “outsiders” influencing local policies, concerns among some religious activists of having their efforts co-opted by other groups who do not share their same moral visions, differing visions of the future of post-mountaintop removal Appalachia, and various arguments concerning the ethics and efficacy of direct action tactics.