scholarly journals Making Sense of Whistle-Blowing's Antecedents: Learning from Research on Identity and Ethics Programs

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijeet K. Vadera ◽  
Ruth V. Aguilera ◽  
Brianna B. Caza
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Work Organizations ◽  
Ethics Programs ◽  
Whistle Blowing ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Making Sense

ABSTRACT:Despite a significant increase in whistle-blowing practices in work organizations, we know little about what differentiates whistle-blowers from those who observe a wrongdoing but chose not to report it. In this review article, we first highlight the arenas in which research on whistle-blowing has produced inconsistent results and those in which the findings have been consistent. Second, we propose that the adoption of an identity approach will help clarify the inconsistent findings and extend prior work on individual-level motives behind whistle-blowing. Third, we argue that the integration of the whistle-blowing research with that on ethics programs will aid in systematically expanding our understanding of the situational antecedents of whistle-blowing. We conclude our review by discussing new theoretical and methodological arenas of research in the domain of whistle-blowing.

Multisensory Anthropology

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Howes
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Multispecies Ethnography ◽  
Sensory Ethnography ◽  
Anthropological Theory ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The Senses

The senses are made, not given. Multisensory anthropology focuses on the variable boundaries, differential elaboration, and many different ways of combining the senses across (and within) cultures. Its methodology is grounded in “participant sensation,” or sensing—and making sense—along with others, also known as sensory ethnography. This review article traces the sensualization of anthropological theory and practice since the early 1990s, showing how the concept of sensory mediation has steadily supplanted the prior concern with representation. It concludes with a discussion of how the senses are engaged in filmmaking, multispecies ethnography, and material culture studies as well as in achieving social justice.

scholarly journals Four dimensions characterize comprehensive trait judgments of faces

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chujun Lin ◽  
Umit Keles ◽  
Ralph Adolphs
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Trait Words ◽  
Psychological Dimensions

People readily attribute many traits to faces: some look beautiful, some competent, some aggressive1. These snap judgments have important consequences in real life, ranging from success in political elections to decisions in courtroom sentencing2,3. Modern psychological theories argue that the hundreds of different words people use to describe others from their faces are well captured by only two or three dimensions, such as valence and dominance4, a highly influential framework that has been the basis for numerous studies in social and developmental psychology5–10, social neuroscience11,12, and in engineering applications13,14. However, all prior work has used only a small number of words (12 to 18) to derive underlying dimensions, limiting conclusions to date. Here we employed deep neural networks to select a comprehensive set of 100 words that are representative of the trait words people use to describe faces, and to select a set of 100 faces. In two large-scale, preregistered studies we asked participants to rate the 100 faces on the 100 words (obtaining 2,850,000 ratings from 1,710 participants), and discovered a novel set of four psychological dimensions that best explain trait judgments of faces: warmth, competence, femininity, and youth. We reproduced these four dimensions across different regions around the world, in both aggregated and individual-level data. These results provide a new and most comprehensive characterization of face judgments, and reconcile prior work on face perception with work in social cognition15 and personality psychology16.

Diabetes Identity: A Mechanism of Social Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232098474
Author(s):  
Heather R. Walker ◽  
Michelle L. Litchman
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Historically, diabetes identity has been examined at the individual level as it relates to clinical outcomes and self-management practices. Yet, identity is not experienced as an individually isolated phenomenon. The purpose of this study is twofold: (a) examine the social meaning of diabetes identity and (b) formulate a theoretical model of diabetes identity through a sociopolitical lens. Adults living with diabetes engaged in a diabetes online community ( N = 20) participated in a 60-minute semi-structured interview focused on social diabetes experiences and diabetes identity. Seven themes emerged related to illness, individuation, and culture, resulting in a novel theoretical model of diabetes identity: willingness to identify, tales of the un-sick, legends of the responsible, a tradition of change-making, sense of sameness, mystification of difference, and diabetes as a unifying social category. Our study extends previous literature focused on self-management practices and compliance, resulting in a theoretical model of diabetes identity centered around social change.

Writing a review article: Making sense of the jumble

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Agarwal ◽  
Pooja Dewan
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Making Sense

scholarly journals Do Psychopathic Traits Distinguish Trajectories of Gang Membership?

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 1337-1355
Author(s):  
Dena C. Carson ◽  
James V. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Gang Membership ◽  
Individual Member ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Prior Work ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Pathways To Desistance ◽  
Gang Life ◽  
The Relationship

Prior work that examines different stages of gang membership (joining, time in gang, and leaving) indicates that the gang experience is unique to each individual member. However, we know little about what accounts for variations in the gang experience; particularly, with regard to the role of individual-level characteristics. This article helps to fill this gap by examining how trajectories of gang membership vary based on one multifaceted individual-level characteristic: psychopathy. Some prior work suggests that gang members high in psychopathic traits are attracted to gang life and more likely to hold leadership roles in the gang. Other work indicates that those high in psychopathy are not well suited for gang membership. We make use of the Pathways to Desistance data and group-based trajectory modeling to examine these relationships. Results indicate that the relationship between psychopathy and gang membership is dependent upon the distinct factors of psychopathy.

Evidence-Informed Social Work Practice

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Dodd ◽  
Andrea Savage
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Work Practice ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Social Work Practice ◽  
Work Organizations ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The Individual

Evidence-informed practice (EIP) is a model that incorporates best available research evidence; client’s needs, values, and preferences; practitioner wisdom; and theory into the clinical decision-making process filtered through the lens of client, agency, and community culture. The purpose of this article is to define and describe the evidence-informed practice model within social work and to explore the evolution of evidence-informed practice over time. The article distinguishes evidence-informed practice from the more commonly known (and perhaps more popular) evidence-based practice. And, having outlined the essential components of evidence-informed practice, describes the barriers to its effective implementation. Critical contextual factors related to the implementation of evidence-informed practice at the individual level, as well as within social work organizations, are also addressed. Finally, implications both for social work practice and education are explored.

scholarly journals 447Decoding the effect of neighbourhood on arterial health (DEpICT): Preliminary results on neighbourhood self-evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrie Panayiotou ◽  
Galateia Photiou ◽  
Demosthenis Panagiotakos ◽  
Nicos Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Family Income ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Self Evaluation ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Excellent Health

Abstract Background DEpICT is an ongoing exploratory, observational, cross-sectional study in community-dwelling individuals in Limassol, Cyprus aiming to combine individual-level and community-level risk factors to decode their effect on arterial health (stiffness) as measured with pulse wave velocity (PWV). Methods Participants are >40 years and living in the same address for ≥5 years. They provide personal information on quality of life and mental health (SF-12 and GHQ-12), physical activity (IPAQ), adherence to Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and sociodemographic. Arterial stiffness is measured as PWV. Neighborhood is self-assessed using the “Place Standard” Tool, as well as independent neighborhood audit with the newly-developed CyNoTes tool. Results Mean age of the first 176 participants (53%male) was 55.2 (±8.6). All participants rated their health between excellent/very good (50.5%) and good/modest (49.5%), however participants with a higher net family income reported significantly better health (p for trend=0.02), with 61.4% reporting very good/excellent health in those earning >2000E Vs 40.2% in those earning ≤ 2000E/m (p = 0.005). Out of 14 constructs in “Place”, “Public transport” and “Participation and sense of control” were rated lowest (3.1 ± 1.9 and 3.1 ± 1.8) and “Identity and sense of belonging” and “Safety” highest (4.1 ± 1.9 and 4.5 ± 1.8). Out of these, family income was associated with “Safety” (p = 0.005) and self-health with “Participation and sense of control”. Conclusions Participants rate social and safety aspects of their neighborhood higher than build aspects. Key messages Participants express the need for more public engagement in community decision-making; sense of lacking control may affect individual health.

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