Language, Subjective Meaning and Nonlinguistic Institutional Facts

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Romulus Brâncoveanu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Meaning ◽  
Institutional Facts

What Is an Institution?

2007 ◽  
pp. 5-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Searle
Keyword(s):  
Physical Structure ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Collective Intentionality ◽  
Institutional Facts ◽  
Institutional Fact ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Creation ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Typical Point

The author claims that an institution is any collectively accepted system of rules (procedures, practices) that enable us to create institutional facts. These rules typically have the form of X counts as Y in C, where an object, person, or state of affairs X is assigned a special status, the Y status, such that the new status enables the person or object to perform functions that it could not perform solely in virtue of its physical structure, but requires as a necessary condition the assignment of the status. The creation of an institutional fact is, thus, the collective assignment of a status function. The typical point of the creation of institutional facts by assigning status functions is to create deontic powers. So typically when we assign a status function Y to some object or person X we have created a situation in which we accept that a person S who stands in the appropriate relation to X is such that (S has power (S does A)). The whole analysis then gives us a systematic set of relationships between collective intentionality, the assignment of function, the assignment of status functions, constitutive rules, institutional facts, and deontic powers.

Declarations and Status Functions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Institutional Facts ◽  
Collective Acceptance ◽  
Recent Claim

Chapter 12 evaluates, in the light of the analysis of status functions in previous chapters, a recent claim by Searle that all institutional facts, and so all status functions, are created by declarative speech acts. An example of a declaration is an employer saying “You’re fired” to an employee and thereby making it the case that he is fired. The chapter argues that while declarations are often used, given background conventions in a community, to impose status functions on objects, they are not necessary, and that more generally the idea that status functions are imposed by representing that object as having them is mistaken, in the light of the earlier analysis of collective acceptance as a matter of members of a community having appropriate we-intentions or conditional we-intentions directed at the relevant things.

Feelings of Quarantine: Allegories for the Lockdown

2021 ◽  
pp. 1354067X2110040
Author(s):  
Linus Paul Frederic Guenther
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Meaning Making ◽  
Psychological Perspective ◽  
Study Analysis ◽  
Subjective Meaning ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Creative Self ◽  
Life Script ◽  
The Voice

This case study shows how allegories are a means to express the inexpressible and how Allegory Analysis can be a method to reveal it and bring out the subjective meaning making, life script ideology, and capability to deal with the ambivalent in critical life situations. From a cultural psychological perspective, the research is based on feelings during the quasi-quarantine period of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study tries to understand the coping strategies with which people deal with a psychological crisis in general concerning for the COVID-19 lockdown. It discusses further ways to deal with the ambivalences and subjective meaning making arousing through such a crisis. The case study analysis of Miss K. not only showed her meaning making processes and attitude of life but also showed how to deal with the uncertainty during the critical lockdown period. Through her allegories, she utters her current life script ideology that living nowadays means to function like a machine while being creative, self-reflective at the same time. Her meaning making process counterbalanced between the voice of being delivered to withdrawal or depression versus the voice of being able to learn, connect, and relax. Her coping strategy was bearing the ambivalence in a psychological crisis with faith.

scholarly journals Reflections on the Ontology of Money

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uskali Mäki
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Structure ◽  
Causal Powers ◽  
Social Convention ◽  
Institutional Facts ◽  
Collective Belief

Abstract The suggestions outlined here include the following. Money is a bundle of institutionally sustained causal powers. Money is an institutional universal instantiated in generic currencies and particular money tokens. John Searle’s account of institutional facts is not helpful for understanding the nature of money as an institution (while it may help to illuminate aspects of the nature of currencies and money particulars). The money universal is not a social convention in David Lewis’s sense (while currencies and money particulars are characterized by high degrees of conventionality). The existence of the money universal is dependent on a larger institutional structure and cannot be understood in terms of collective belief or acceptance or agreement separately focusing on money. These claims have important implications for realism about money.

scholarly journals The non-existence of institutional facts

Synthese ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friedrich Christoph Dörge ◽  
Matthias Holweger
Keyword(s):  
Explanatory Gap ◽  
Standard View ◽  
Institutional Facts ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Tacit Belief ◽  
Vladimir Putin ◽  
Thomas Theorem

AbstractThat certain paper bills have monetary value, that Vladimir Putin is the president of Russia, and that Prince Philip is the husband of Queen Elizabeth II: such facts are commonly called ‘institutional facts’ (IFF). IFF are, by definition, facts that exist by virtue of collective recognition (where collective recognition can be direct or indirect). The standard view or tacit belief is that such facts really exist. In this paper we argue, however, that they really do not—they really are just well-established illusions. We confront realism about IFF with six criteria of existence, three established and three less so but highly intuitive. We argue that they all tell against the existence of IFF. An obvious objection to IFF non-realism is that since people’s behaviour clearly reflects the existence of IFF, denying their existence leaves an explanatory gap. We reject this argument by introducing a variant of the so-called ‘Thomas Theorem,’ which says that when people collectively recognize a fact as existing, they largely behave accordingly, regardless of whether that fact really exists or not.

The Psychodynamic Impact of Coronary Bypass Surgery

1981 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shari Thurer ◽  
Frederick Levine ◽  
Robert Thurer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Condition ◽  
Bypass Surgery ◽  
Coronary Bypass ◽  
Psychological Evaluation ◽  
Coronary Bypass Surgery ◽  
Subjective Meaning ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Defensive Mechanisms

Twenty-one individuals underwent extensive psychological evaluation before, and four months after, coronary bypass surgery, that examined: defensive mechanisms; fantasies and distortions; subjective meaning of the procedure; and transference and projections. Patients showed a significant improvement in their physical condition and indicated vigorous psychodynamic activity. Both before and after surgery many patients: a) used denial; b) misconceived the procedure; c) developed a subjective explanation of etiology; d) mourned; and e) revered their surgeon. Following surgery, many patients: a) rationalized their decision; b) reviewed their life and changed priorities (valuing human closeness, devaluing work); and c) recognized their mortality (engendering a renewed interest in life and/or rage).

scholarly journals Kepribadian Tokoh Utama dalam Novel Negeri Para Bedebah Karya Tere Liye Kajian Psikoanalisis Carl Gustav Jung

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Renni Handayani Sembiring ◽  
Herlina Herlina ◽  
Siti Gomo Attas
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Personality Characteristic ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Objective Reality ◽  
Subjective Meaning ◽  
Carl Gustav Jung ◽  
The Senses

This study aimed at finding out the main characters’ personality in the novel of Negeri Para Bedebah by Tere Liye based on Carl Gustav Jung’s psychoanalysis. The research method used qualitative with content analysis. Data were collected by inventorying Thomas's conversation based on Carl Gustav Jung's psychoanalytic personality characteristic. It consists of think extrovert, feels extrovert, sense extrovert, intuition extrovert, think introvert, feel introvert, sensitive introvert, and intuition introvert. The results revealed that the discovery of eight main characters’ personality. First, think extrovert is demonstrated by the ability of intellectual analysis of objective experience. Second, feel extrovert is found by responding emotionally to objective reality. Third, sense extrovert is the tendency of figures to analyze the situation. Fourth, intuition extrovert is seen by its character does not care about logic. Fifth, think introvert figure depiction looks inflexible, cold, judge, and cruel. Sixth, feel introvert showed by figures are selfish and unsympathetic. Seventh, sense introvert found the ability of the senses to give them subjective meaning. Eighth, intuition introvert is demonstrated by the figure closing in and keeping the distance from the others. In conclusion, the eight personality types can be found on the whole structure of an irregular novel story.

WHAT IS MONEY? AN ALTERNATIVE TO SEARLE'S INSTITUTIONAL FACTS

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Smit ◽  
Filip Buekens ◽  
Stan du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
John Searle ◽  
Institutional Facts ◽  
Natural Objects ◽  
Existent Problem

In The Construction of Social Reality (1995), John Searle develops a theory of institutional facts and objects, of which money, borders and property are presented as prime examples. These objects are the result of us collectively intending certain natural objects to have a certain status, i.e. to ‘count as’ being certain social objects. This view renders such objects irreducible to natural objects. In this paper we propose a radically different approach that is more compatible with standard economic theory. We claim that such institutional objects can be fully understood in terms of actions and incentives, and hence the Searlean apparatus solves a non-existent problem.

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