Premium-Priced, Branded Generic Pharmaceuticals in Emerging Economies

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-317
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Hemphill ◽  
Scott D. Johnson ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Shared Value ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Discussion Section ◽  
Generic Pharmaceuticals ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Conclusion Section

Is it socially responsible to price at a premium, company branded generic pharmaceuticals in emerging economies? Building toward an answer to this question, the study first describes the role of the branded generic sector in the economic success of the global pharmaceutical industry. Second, the concept of “shared value,” i.e., the link between competitive advantage (and its theoretical antecedents found in corporate reputation and signaling theory) and corporate social responsibility (CSR), is introduced and applied to the global pharmaceutical industry’s position on marketing generic pharmaceuticals. Third, an empirical evaluation ascertains whether there is sufficient shared value for this company branded generics pricing strategy to be considered “socially responsible.” Fourth, after concluding there is sufficient shared value, a discussion section offers a public/private (corporate and industry self-regulation) framework that will help ensure that safe and effective pharmaceuticals are sold to consumers in developing economies. Lastly, a summary and conclusion section completes the article.

scholarly journals What Prompts Small and Medium Enterprises to Implement CSR? A Qualitative Insight from an Emerging Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengming Zou ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Naveed Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Safdar Sial ◽  
Alina Badulescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Customer Behavior ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Management Commitment ◽  
Top Management Commitment ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Depth Interviews

The topic of corporate social responsibility (henceforth referred to as CSR) has been a central topic during the last decade, but the majority of the existing literature discusses CSR relationship with large organizations. Whereas, its contribution in small and medium enterprises (henceforth referred to as SME) sector has received little attention. There have been some studies that focused on CSR activities in SME sector quantitatively in the context of developing economies like Pakistan, but the fact is, to date, SME sector of Pakistan is not participating actively in CSR-related activities due to some constraints. The present study is a pioneer attempt, to explore CSR barriers that restrict SME sector of Pakistan from practicing CSR initiatives. For this reason, the present study explores these barriers qualitatively in order to gain in-depth knowledge of different CSR barriers. In doing so, we conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews from 9 SMEs in Lahore city of Pakistan. We performed thematic analysis, which produced five relevant themes of CSR barriers, including: Lack of resources, lack of regulations, lack of top management commitment, lack of CSR knowledge, and passive customer behavior. Our analysis further showed that lack of resources is the most related barrier that hinder SMEs to be engaged in CSR activities. This paper contributes to CSR literature in emerging economies’ context. Through an increased awareness of barriers, policy makers and practitioners may take necessary steps to improve CSR practices in SMEs.

scholarly journals MNC CSR in Emerging Economy Conflict Zones– A Case Study of HUL's North-East Operations in India

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulsi Jayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Emerging Markets ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Conflicting Objectives ◽  
Corporate Social

For multinational corporations (MNCs) operating in emerging markets, the fast-growing wealth represents a tremendous opportunity. At the same time, these emerging markets also present a huge challenge to the MNCs due to underdeveloped institutional environment, weak public governance, widespread bribery and corruption, and lack of regulatory legislations and rules, public transparency, and respect for human rights. MNCs are likely to view foreign direct investment (FDI) in emerging economies as a major component of their cost minimization policies. As such, corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, which are used by MNCs as a key source to gain sustainable competitive advantage in developed countries may get diluted in emerging economies. Such a myopic view may enhance short-term profits, but would not ensure long-term sustainability. Most of the research on CSR has focused on the strategies of companies in the developed world. The literature on MNCs in developing economies and CSR is still embryonic. As CSR becomes increasingly important to MNCs, it is crucial to understand how MNCs' subsidiaries approach CSR in emerging markets so as to realize the challenges MNCs' subsidiaries face in aligning their CSR approach with local practices. The questions of how MNCs' subsidiaries approach CSR in emerging markets and how they adapt to local CSR practices remain largely under-explored. Another area of recent research pertains to MNC CSR in ‘conflict zones’ and their potential. Can the otherwise mutually conflicting objectives of Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Financial Performance be seen going hand in hand in such ‘conflict zones’ Can a cause-effect relationship be posited, especially in such conflict zones, with the success of the latter riding on a satisfactory performance of the former? This paper analyses the CSR practices followed by HUL in its unit in DoomDooma, Assam in the period 2001–2004, a period which was one of the most tumultuous periods in the history of HUL operation in India. The largest personal care products factory set up in DoomDooma to take advantage of the government's concessions to encourage the region's development, witnessed serious challenges in the form of local bandhs (closures), followed by an attack by the militant group, ULFA. Yet, the productivity contribution of the Assam factory was one of the highest and in fact was responsible for the company's top line growth. It is suggested that the financial performance was due in no small measure, to the corporate responsibility measures undertaken internally and externally by the company. The former consisted of the measures undertaken vis-a-vis the key stakeholders, viz. employees, consumers, ecosystem, and business partners while the external CR measures were with respect to the specific CSR initiatives undertaken keeping in mind the needs and expectations of the local community. Thus, the company's CR initiatives helped in sustainable growth.

Content in the context of welfare configurations: a comparative institutional analysis of self-reporting on corporate social responsibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-506
Author(s):  
Brita Backlund Rambaree
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Corporate Social

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine corporate social responsibility (CSR) content in the context of four differing national institutional arrangements for welfare. An analysis is presented on how self-reported CSR differs in content across two western welfare states (the UK and Sweden) and two emerging economies in southern Africa (South Africa and Mauritius). Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on a qualitative content analysis of the CSR self-reporting of 40 companies. This involved 10 of the largest companies incorporated in four countries, namely, Sweden, the UK, South Africa and Mauritius. The content is categorised into community involvement, socially responsible production and socially responsible employee relations. For each category, an analysis is provided of the reported issues (the question of what), the geographic focus of reported issues (the question of where) and ways of working with these issues (the question of how), as well as the extent of reporting and level of reporting (the question of how much). Findings The study shows that companies place focus on aspects, issues and localities in ways that differ between countries and can be understood in relation to current institutional arrangements for welfare. The content of self-reported CSR can be both complementing and mirroring the welfare arrangements. Differences in self-reported CSR agendas are particularly evident between the two western welfare states on the one hand and the two emerging economies on the other, as these represent two distinct contexts in terms of welfare arrangements. Originality/value This paper contributes to research on the institutional embeddedness of CSR in three ways: first, by going beyond measures of country differences in terms of extent of CSR to consider differences in CSR content; second, by focusing on the social aspects of CSR and placing these differences in relation to welfare configurations; and third, by contributing with empirical findings on how CSR content differs across national settings and across the established/emerging economy divide.

Consumer reaction towards corporate social responsibility in United Arab Emirates

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaprak Anadol ◽  
Mohamed A. Youssef ◽  
Eappen Thiruvattal
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Social Implication ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Corporate Social

Purpose – This paper aims to examine five distinct consumer reactions, including corporate social responsibility (CSR) awareness, consumers’ complaining, boycotting behavior, work preferences and consumer donation behavior. Design/methodology/approach – The analysis in this paper was based on data collected by a team of experts in the Dubai Chamber of Commerce and Industry from more than 555 United Arab Emirates (UAE) individuals, aged 18 years or older. Our study postulated that there will be no statistically significant differences in any or all of the five reactions among respondents with different age, varying degree of CSR awareness, working preference, donation and boycotting behavior, and methods of complaining about companies or their products. Findings – Gender analysis indicated that there is a statistically significant difference between male and female in terms of boycotting and complaining behaviors. Our analysis also showed that young consumers in the age group of 18-24 years react significantly different than older age group in terms of job preference. Third, the results of location analysis indicated that the UAE consumers’ contacting behavior to a company to voice an opinion about a company’s product or services are significantly different across the seven Emirates of UAE. Research limitations/implications – The findings of this study have many implications. First, there is no doubt that such findings will raise the consumers’ awareness of CSR. UAE companies will become more cognizant of their consumers’ behavior, especially when the consumers’ voice their opinion and show interest in the products or services offered by these companies. The implications of this study for the academics are that this study can be replicated in different parts of the globe to confirm or refute our findings. Practical implications – The findings of this study will enable UAE companies to design and implement strategies that aim at increasing their efficiency, competitiveness and the ability to compete in global markets. Social implications – Many of the developing economies started to realize how important CSR is. A fast growing economy such as that of UAE has given such topic an unprecedented attention. The social implication of our findings is that UAE corporations will have to rethink their strategies when it comes to their social responsibility toward society in which they exist. Our findings also enlighten consumers when it comes to their dealing with socially responsible corporations. Originality/value – This study is unique in that it is the first empirically based study to address the consumer behavior and their reaction toward socially responsible corporations.

scholarly journals A Relação entre a Responsabilidade Social Corporativa e a Transferência de Conhecimento como Fontes para Geração de Valor Compartilhado

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 402-426
Author(s):  
Mary Fernanda de Sousa de Melo ◽  
Roberta Castro Souza ◽  
Rodrigo Trotta Yaryd
Keyword(s):  
Local Communities ◽  
Shared Value ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Strategic Csr ◽  
Focal Company ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Business Customers

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) should be viewed strategically as a source for the generation of shared value, whether tangible or not, for the focal company and its stakeholders. Companies operating with strategic CSR have greater access to external knowledge. However, it is not clear how the relations between the focal company and its stakeholders are and what the impacts are. Thus, the aim is to analyze how socially responsible companies with different strategic approaches generate shared value through the transfer of resources and knowledge with their stakeholders. It was used polar cases and a qualitative approach, through interviews, desk research and discourse analysis. The main stakeholders identified were: local communities; government; R&D companies and; business customers. Companies transfer resources and knowledge to local communities and key stakeholders. The reverse also occurs. The stakeholders and companies analyzed to provide an example of a symbiotic relationship, where there are social development and generation of competitive advantage, reaching four levels: business, a community where this company operates, business clients and the environment. Even if they are in different positions in the supply chain, the relationships between the focal company and its stakeholders generate value in a win-win relationship, which implies that the CSR investment brings external and internal returns. The article contributes through the combination of different theoretical approaches to explaining the generation of value besides economic as a source of multilateral gains. Also, we have the synthesis figure and the theoretical-empirical propositions.

scholarly journals STAKEHOLDERS’ IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY: MODEL DESIGN AND TESTING

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasa Smaliukienė
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Environmental Responsibility ◽  
Corporate Social

The study is based on comparative theoretical research into the concepts of corporate social and environmental responsibilities. Multinational enterprises (MNEs) are responsive to the stakeholders’ needs. Therefore, environmental business management was integrated into model of corporate social responsibility. This demonstrates that social processes influencing corporate social responsibility are of equal importance for the development of environmental responsibility. Simultaneously, this theoretical integration leads to an understanding that corporate environmental responsibility may be also introduced into other theoretical models of social responsibility, which assess impacts of stakeholders and other social influences. The empirical research demonstrates that environmental expectations of stakeholders are different in economically different countries. In addition, the stakeholders differently see the functions of business in environmental issues. Qualitative content analysis disclosed what form of environmental responsibility is proper in countries of developed, developing and emerging economies. In developing economies, donations are demanded most of all; in emerging economies exposed to various transformations, there is a need for social investments; in developed economies full business co‐operation is preferred on environmental issues. Most important environmental outcomes of MNEs, as reflected in their annual statements, demonstrate business adaptation to different stakeholders’ expectations built in economically different countries.

Benevolence in New-age Businesses of Developing Economies: Some Conclusions from The Information Technology Companies/Sector of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Umashankar Venkatesh ◽  
Anirban Chaudhuri ◽  
Jones Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
New Age ◽  
Information Technology Professionals ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Managerial Implications ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Information Technology Companies

The article evaluates how knowledge workers in new-age businesses in developing economies conceptualize and practise acts of individual social responsibility (ISR) vis-à-vis the corporate social responsibility (CSR) endeavours of the companies for which they work. The study aims to differentiate between the values that drive ISR and CSR in such organizations. On one hand, the study targets young information technology professionals between the ages of 25 and 35 years exploring the individual motivations for socially responsible behaviour, and it looks at CSR managers responsible for strategizing and implementing CSR portfolio, representing the organizational imperatives of CSR behaviour and practice on the other. The study concludes with a conceptualization of how the convergence or otherwise of motivations between ISR and CSR in such organizations are defined and what are their determinants, with the derivative managerial implications for firms in developing economies in the context of managing the relatively younger workforce’s participation in their CSR efforts.

La legislación tributaria venezolana como promotora de la responsabilidad social empresarial

Oikos ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (33) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Ana Cecilia Chumaceiro Hernández ◽  
Judith Josefina Hernández de Velazco
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Interpretative Approach ◽  
Corporate Social

aVenezuelan Tax Law as a Promoter of Corporate Social Responsibility   RESUMEN El presente artículo tiene por objetivo disertar sobre los dispositivos contenidos en la legislación tributaria venezolana que actúan como promotores de la responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE), para ello se utilizó el paradigma Cualitativo, bajo un enfoque hermenéutico – interpretativo, cuyo método fue análisis de contenido. En tal sentido se han observado los aspectos, elementos y mecanismos que se encuentran en la LISLR, LIVA y LOCTI que fomentan, incentivan o coadyuvan la RSE; finalmente se plantearan lineamientos para la aceptación de una nueva cultura de RSE con dimensión tributaria. Considerando, que dentro de la legislación tributaria no existen dispositivos específicos que promuevan la RSE, y, ello debe ser tomado en cuenta por el legislador para modificar ciertas normas y crear el incentivo necesario para que las empresas sean de forma congruente socialmente responsables. Palabras clave: legislación tributaria, empresa, promoción, responsabilidad social empresarial. ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to explore regulatory provisions from Venezuelan tax law as promoters of corporate social responsibility (CSR). For the methodological analysis of content, the study uses the qualitative paradigm and a hermeneutical-interpretative approach. The research observes different elements and mechanisms from LISLR, LIVA and LOCTI which encourage and contribute to corporate social responsibility. The study also proposes guidelines for the acceptance of a CSR culture from a tax dimension. The fact that there are no regulatory provisions within the Venezuelan tax law needs to be taken into account by legislators in order to amend certain norms and create the necessary incentives for companies to be socially responsible. Keywords: tax law; companies; encouragement; corporate social responsibility. Este trabajo es el resultado de investigaciones que se desarrollan en la línea “Responsabilidad Social, Empresa y Estado” del Centro de Estudios e Investigaciones Socioeconómicas y Políticas (CEISEP-UNERMB). 

A Special-Purpose Taxonomy of Corporate Social Performance Concepts

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett A. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Fund ◽  
Corporate Social Performance ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Social Performance ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Fund Managers ◽  
Responsible Investing ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Socially Responsible Mutual Funds ◽  
Corporate Social

The first iteration of a nonstatic special-purpose taxonomy of corporate social performance concepts is developed from a mailed, self-administered survey completed by managers of U.S. socially responsible mutual funds. The study combines the traditionally disparate research areas of Corporate Social Performance and Socially Responsible Investing. As a partial update of Rockness and Williams (1988), a descriptive account is presented of what mutual fund managers regard as the social issues that constitute corporate social performance. The resulting taxonomy represents an empirically derived framework useful in considering social accounting in general and accounting standard setting in particular.

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