The Oppression of Nonhuman Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-214
Author(s):  
Lisa Kretz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Political Action ◽  
Environmental Philosophy ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Group Members

Karen Warren’s work has helped to transform the landscape of environmental philosophy, contributing theoretical grounding for Western ecofeminism and opening the range of theoretical perspectives one can adopt when doing Western environmental ethics. Although her work is laudable, there are substantive worries about how potential subjects of oppression are characterized in her later work. Warren’s work and relevant secondary literature can be used as a foil to illuminate inadequate justification for the failure to include all living entities as potential subjects of the harm of oppression. The failure to provide conceptual room to include all entities that can rightfully be the potential subjects of oppression limits our understanding of oppression and the multiple ways in which it functions. Additionally, failure to attend to all potential subjects of oppression limits practical opportunities for anti-oppressive solidarity in political action. If oppression is correctly described as the harm of particular group members by others, and the class of living entities can be subjected to harm, then nonhuman living entities can potentially be subjects of oppression. The aim here is to provide conceptual support for the possibility that nonhuman life can be oppressed.

scholarly journals The Ugency of the Greening of Ethics

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Anna Malavisi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Environmental Policies ◽  
Environmental Philosophy ◽  
Effective Practice ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Environmental Situation ◽  
Salient Features

Richard Sylvan, a vanguard in the field of environmental philosophy published a book in 1994 with David Bennett titled The Greening of Ethics. Nearly twenty-five years later, where the environmental situation of our world is even more serious, and where some governments deny the existence and negative effects of human caused climate change, the greening of ethics is even more urgent. In this paper, I revisit Sylvan’s and Bennett’s work arguing that their approach to environmental ethics should be one that is advocated. I consider the most salient features of their approach, how this translates into practice but also offer an analysis as to why some governments have reached an impasse in regard to implementing environmental policies, and why environmental ethics still remains on the margins. In the final section of this paper, I discuss what an effective practice would mean.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Fritsch ◽  
Philippe Lynes ◽  
David Wood
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Gilles Deleuze ◽  
Environmental Philosophy ◽  
New Materialism ◽  
Felix Guattari ◽  
Hans Jonas

This chapter serves to introduce the reader to eco-deconstruction and the relevance of Derrida’s thought to environmental philosophy more broadly. After situating eco-deconstruction with respect to environmentally-concerned readings of other continental philosophers such as Husserl, Heidegger, Levinas, Merleau-Ponty, Hans Jonas, Gilles Deleuze, and Félix Guattari, the editors guide the reader’s navigation through the at times perplexing multiplication of related fields, including eco-criticism, eco-phenomenology, posthumanism, new materialism, and more. These examinations are followed by descriptions of the four sections of the book, “diagnosing the present,” “ecologies,” “nuclear and other biodegradabilities,” and “environmental ethics.”

Goodbye Gauley Mountain, hello eco-camp: Queer environmentalism in the Anthropocene

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauran Whitworth
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Ecological Ethics ◽  
Love Story ◽  
Performance Artists ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Annie Sprinkle

This article considers the effectiveness of queer environmental ethics in the Anthropocene, a word increasingly used to describe the anthropogenic destruction of ecosystems that marks our current geological era. Taking as my subject the contemporary ecosexuality movement popularised by performance artists Annie Sprinkle and her co-collaborator and partner Elizabeth Stephens, I explore the ethics behind ecosexuals’ encounters with the natural environment. Stephens and Sprinkle's performances, captured in their documentary Goodbye Gauley Mountain: An Ecosexual Love Story (2013), make clear ecosexuality's concurrent urgency and playfulness, which is embodied in a theatrical environmental sensibility that I call eco-camp. Eco-camp is a mode of florid performance, spectacle and ostentatious sex-positivity that champions new forms of relationality between humans and other earthly inhabitants. Drawing from diverse theoretical perspectives, including Mikhail Bakhtin's (1968) carnivalesque, Chris Cuomo's (1998) ethics of flourishing and Cynthia Willett's (Willett et al., 2012; Willett, 2014) theorisation of feminist humour, I argue that ecosexuality's campy ecological ethics provide an alternative to the didacticism and moralism that characterise much contemporary environmentalism. In the spirit of carnival, the tragi-comic and, at times, parodic tone of ecosexuality generates an affective dissonance that spurs us to feel the full effects of our discordance with nature.

Group Cohesion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Rios ◽  
Cameron D. Mackey
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Group Cohesion ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Task Cohesion ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Definition Of

The definition of group cohesion has been debated since the formal introduction of the concept in social psychology. Group cohesion has undergone a variety of conceptualizations over the years stemming from several theoretical perspectives. Many models of group cohesion have been introduced; however, research with these models is largely confined to the field (e.g., psychology) or subfield (e.g., sports psychology) in which it originated. Initially, unidimensional models of group cohesion were popular, with proponents of these models arguing that cohesion would have the same consequences regardless of its operationalization. However, later research found that group cohesion may be multidimensional in nature. Several two-dimensional models have been proposed, the most popular of which distinguishes between group members working together to attain common goals (task cohesion) and group members interacting with one another on a more personal level (social cohesion). Another multidimensional model of group cohesion builds on the social-task cohesion distinction but further divides social and task cohesion into Group Integration and Individual Attractiveness to Group sub-components, thus creating a four-factor model. Group cohesion has been applied to a variety of group contexts, including sports teams, military squads, and work groups. The amount of cohesion in each group is dependent upon the properties of the group being investigated. Groups that have naturally formed (i.e., “real” groups) have higher rates of group cohesion than groups created for the purpose of a study (i.e., “artificial” groups). Other factors that affect group cohesion include type of group (e.g., interdependent vs. co-acting) and level of analysis (i.e., individual or group). Research on group cohesion has focused on the consequences of group cohesion in lieu of what causes group cohesion in the first place. Furthermore, although much research has detailed the relationship between cohesion and performance, many other positive consequences of group cohesion have not been assessed in depth. Finally, group cohesion is also associated with potential negative consequences, such as groupthink.

scholarly journals Attitude toward protest uniquely predicts (normative and nonnormative) political action by (advantaged and disadvantaged) group members

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 115-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Sweetman ◽  
Gregory R. Maio ◽  
Russell Spears ◽  
Antony S.R. Manstead ◽  
Andrew G. Livingstone
Keyword(s):  
Political Action ◽  
Disadvantaged Group ◽  
Group Members

The Construction of India in Some Recent Environmental Philosophy

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-20
Author(s):  
George Alfred James
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Environmental Philosophy ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Edward Said ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Western Discourse ◽  
Indian Thought

AbstractI argue that from its beginning environmental philosophy has held two contrasting views of Eastern thought and of Indian philosophical and religious ideas in particular. Utilising the insights of Edward Said and others I find that these contrasting images are reflective of a duality according to which India has been constituted in Western discourse. I argue that these Western images of India remain a significant feature of writing concerning environmental ethics to the present time. As it appears in some recent scholarship in environmental ethics, this discourse remains an obstacle to an informed appreciation of the significance of Indian thought and of Asian thought more generally for environmental philosophy.

From South to North and Vice Versa

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-289
Author(s):  
Alicia Irene Bugallo Finnemann
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Deep Ecology ◽  
Environmental Philosophy ◽  
Academic Interest ◽  
Special Mention

This article focuses on different aspects of the reception and development of Deep Ecology in Argentina, with special mention to its presence in some expressions of the counterculture in the 1980s. A local academic interest on environmental ethics and deep ecology is also referred, considering diverse publications and degree theses of Argentine philosophers. The article further highlights some Naessian spirit in philosopher’s training, especially when it is linked to field environmental philosophy and experimental environmental philosophy study cases. Finally, attention is focused on the contributions of Naess’ deep-ecological hermeneutical thought as his great legacy for today, when facing the dawn of the Anthropocene.

THEORETICAL CONSTRUCTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT MODEL

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volobymyr Hobela ◽  
◽  
Nataliya Blaga ◽  
Halyna Leskiv ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Environmental Economics ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
The State ◽  
Environmental Philosophy ◽  
Ecological Ethics ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Ecological Worldview

The research was devoted to the actual problem of forming the concept of ecologically safe social development, which substantiates the relevance of this problem because of the state of the economy and the current environmental issues. The theoretical analysis of the main provisions and directions of ecological ethics is carried out, their influence on consciousness and behavior of the person in ecological and economic systems is analyzed. The relationship and interaction of environmental ethics, social ecology, environmental philosophy, and environmental economics were considered. The most acceptable provisions of environmental ethics are highlighted, taking into account modern realities and their impact on the ecological and economic system and social development. Theoretical bases and basic approaches to ensuring ecologically friendly development were investigated; their structuring and analysis were conducted. The basic concepts of social development transformation into ecologically friendly were considered and their theoretical analysis was carried out, the basic advantages and lacks the specified concepts taking into account a current state of economy and environmental issues were allocated. Taking into account empirical researches and results of a comparison of the main provisions was concluded the necessity of introducing the basic provisions of the concept of degrowth for the state economic and ecological safety maintenance. Detailed analysis and characterization of the key provisions of the degrowth concept. The theoretical basis of this concept was analyzed; its main goals and objectives were formed. Based on the results of the analysis, a theoretical model of ecologically friendly development of the state’s economy was developed, which provides for the development of a certain direction of environmental ethics, formation of the most acceptable ecological worldview, based on the concept of degrowth and provides intensive greening of all spheres of human activity.

Death and the Dynamics of Group Life

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona McDermott ◽  
Christine Hill ◽  
Anne Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Advanced Breast Cancer ◽  
Advanced Breast ◽  
Therapeutic Factors ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Group Life ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Group Sessions

This article reports qualitative analysis of data collected during psychoanalytically orientated group sessions after the death of members. This group, based in group analytic and existentialist theoretical perspectives, is for women with advanced breast cancer. We ask: how and why does the group keep going, even as its members leave it through death? Our interest in understanding the therapeutic factors generated by the co-therapists, group members, and the group as a whole is assisted by Winnicott (1956, 1960) and Bion's (1959) concepts of holding and containment. These concepts are used to examine the therapists' role—containers for creating a thinking space where unknowable and unthinkable thoughts can be transformed into something bearable and creative.

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