Bacon’s Inductive Method and Material Form

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-68
Author(s):  
Ori Belkind ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Inductive Method ◽  
General Account ◽  
Dynamic Form ◽  
Natural Histories ◽  
Material Form

This paper contends that Bacon’s inductive method depends crucially on his general account of matter. I argue that Bacon develops a dynamic form of corpuscularianism, according to which aggregates of corpuscles undergo patterns of change that derive from active inclinations and appetites. The paper claims that Bacon’s corpuscularianism provides him with a theory of material form that enables him to theorize bodily change and possible material transformations. The point of natural histories and experiments is then to find the processes of corpuscular change that correlate with making present or making absent simple natures.

Integrated Approach to the Designing Process of Complex Technical Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 1036 ◽  
pp. 1023-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksander Gwiazda ◽  
Agnieszka Sękala ◽  
Zbigniew Monica ◽  
Wacław Banaś
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Control Subsystem ◽  
Dynamic Form ◽  
Complex Technical Systems ◽  
Technical Systems ◽  
Mutual Relations ◽  
Informatics Tools ◽  
Material Form ◽  
Multi Agents

The paper presents the specific approach to the designing process. This approach bases on the concept of integrated designing taking into consideration the three main attributes and three main subsystems of each technical mean. The attributes describing the features of an optimal technical mean include: the geometric form (including the mutual relations), the material form (including macroscopic and microscopic structure) and the assembly form (so called the dynamic form representing the constructional features obtaining only in the assembly process). The three specified constructional subsystems are: the structural subsystem (representing the main system of carrying and functional elements), the drive subsystem (representing the drives, actuators and energy sources) and the control subsystem (representing the sensors, controllers, signal buses and informations subsystem). Optimally linking mentioned attributes it is possibly to obtain the optimal design solution. It corresponds to certain approaches in mechatronics design understood as creating the system of specified subsystems (including the mechanical one and the electric one). In the presented work will be described the formal aspects of the integrated approach in the designing process. They will be also illustrated the practical results of introducing the proposed approach. These results are considered with the possibility of application the sophisticated tools of analysis like multi-agents theory. It is also possible to show the consequences of this approach for the CAD/CAE process. The integrated approach creates the theoretical platform for these informatics solutions. Finally one should point out the possibility of linking, in one designing process, informatics tools considered with designing and analysis of control subsystem.

Elements for a General Organology

Derrida Today ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-94
Author(s):  
Bernard Stiegler
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Planetary Scale ◽  
General Account ◽  
Inorganic Matter ◽  
History Of

These lectures outline the project of a general organology, which is to say an account of life when it is no longer just biological but technical, or when it involves not just organic matter but organized inorganic matter. This organology is also shown to require a modified Simondonian account of the shift from vital individuation to a three-stranded process of psychic, collective and technical individuation. Furthermore, such an approach involves extending the Derridean reading of Socrates's discussion of writing as a pharmakon, so that it becomes a more general account of the pharmacological character of retention and protention. By going back to Leroi-Gourhan, we can recognize that this also means pursuing the history of retentional modifications unfolding in the course of the history of what, with Lotka, can also be called exosomatization. It is thus a question of how exteriorization can, today, in an epoch when it becomes digital, and in an epoch that produces vast amounts of entropy at the thermodynamic, biological and noetic levels, still possibly produce new forms of interiorization, that is, new forms of thought, care and desire, amounting to so many chances to struggle against the planetary-scale pharmacological crisis with which we are currently afflicted.

Ḥadith ‘Āishah fī Man’i al-Nisā’ Min al-Masājid; Niqāsh ‘Ulamā’ Bangladesh Ḥaulahu

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-115
Author(s):  
Syed Mahmudul Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Common Situation

The Narration of Aisyah (May Allah be pleased with her), is the main focus of the controversy among Bangladeshi scholars on the issue of women's prayer in the mosque. The reason for the dispute is that a group of them issued the ruling based on the phenomenon of the text, and the others explained the ruling of Hadith according to the common situation in the society. If the circumstances change, the ruling will change along with it, because the originality of the issue is permissible, that is proven from other texts. This research adopts an inductive method to survey the Prophetic hadiths that talk about the prayer of women in the Mosque in terms of permissibility and prohibition and analytical method to analyze the difference in opinion of Bangladeshi scholars related to this issue. The research finds that the ruling of Shari’ah is a process that is continuous and permanent. But in necessity and emergency, it has the notion of flexibility and explanation. In the issue of women’s presence in the mosque, they should be allowed if they abide by the suggestions of Prophet (s) and should not if they don’t. So, Prohibition is not from the prophet (s), but it is from their obedience to the ruling.

Death of the General Account

1996 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Author(s):  
Brian O'Neil
Keyword(s):  
General Account

Membangun Fondasi Keilmuan Ekonomi Islam: Telaah Metodologi Muhammad Akram Khan

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-170
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ubaidillah
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Science Methodology ◽  
Islamic Society

Throughout my experience in tracking down and reading books on faith-based economics, in this case Islam, there are no books that specifically list the title of "Islamic economics". If there is, it is only initiated or introduced. Most books coming down to us still use the titles starting with the word, for example, system, concept, principle, or the doctrine of Islamic economics. Why do the authors of the book Islamic economics seem not dared to give his book title with label "science"? I presume that Islamic economics has not been considered as a science. In building a science, methodology is required. Islamic Economics also requires a well-established methodology to build the foundation of science. The study answers questions; how is methodology which is offered by Muhammad Akram Khan to build Islamic economics. The method used in this research is the study of literature with qualitative approach.The result of study concludes that Khan offers methodology of Islamic economics, if summarized, written as follows: First, Islamic economics uses a framework derived from the texts of divinity (revelation). Second, Islamic economics uses the inductive method, which gives witness to the truth or falsity assumptions and predictions about the two criteria of rationality and empirical evidence. Third, Islamic economy is built on ethical values ​​such as justice, virtue, moderation, sacrifice, caring for others, in the analysis, as behavioral parameters. Fourth, Islamic economics is a normative discipline. Islamic Economics investigates ways and means to change the existing economy with Islamic economy. Fifth, Islamic economics ask different questions with conventional economics. Its attention is on welfare (falah) human and creating social and institutional conditions that maximize falah in society. Clearly, Islamic economics strongly supports research programs that help maximize falah. Furthermore, Khan elaborates several issues related to the methodology that often appears in the forum of Islamic economists. There are some problems that Khan proposes, they are the interaction with modern economics, the role of revelation, assuming ideal Islamic society, and the general theory of Islamic economics.

The Effect of Islamic Fundamental Regulations on Environ-mental Conservation Kesan Peraturan Asasi Islam pada Pemuliharaan Alam Sekitar

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-199
Author(s):  
Najmaldeen K. Kareem Al-Zanki ◽  
Kotb Rissouni
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
Legal Questions ◽  
Universal Law ◽  
The Universe

AbstractThis study focuses on the legal regulations and jurisprudential dictates that are applicable to environmental conservation. The study employs an analytical and inductive method. It shows the set of regulations that apply to the concept of environmental preservation and then explains analytically how these regulations can legally accommodate questions pertaining to how humans address natural beings, natural resources and each component of the universe. The regulations such as the consideration of public interest, deeds' outcomes, customs, the elimination and compensation of damage and a means taking the value of its final objective will help in the adjustment of legal questions relevant to environmental conservation. The authors ensure that the universal laws and Sharī‘ah objectives must complement one another.                           . Keywords: Environmental Conservation, Sharī‘ah Regulations, Universal Law, Integrity of Universal and Divine Laws, Realization of Public Interest.AbstrakKajian ini memberi tumpuan kepada peraturan undang-undang dan jurisprudens yang berkaitan dengan pemuliharaan alam sekitar. Kaedah yang digunapakai dalam kajian ini adalah kaedah analisis dan induktif. Kajian ini menerangkan tentang peraturan yang dikenakan kepada konsep penjagaan alam sekitar dan kemudian menerangkan secara analisis bagaimana peraturan-peraturan ini secara sah boleh menjawab soalan mengenai bagaimana manusia menangani alam semula jadi, sumber asli dan setiap komponen alam semesta. Peraturan-peraturan yang berhubung dengan pertimbangan dan kepentingan awam, hasil perbuatan manusia, adat, penghapusan dan pampasan kerosakan dan cara mengambil nilai objektif akhirnya akan membantu dalam penyesuaian soal undang-undang yang berkaitan dengan pemuliharaan alam sekitar. Pengarang telah memastikan bahawa undang-undang universal dan objektif Sharī‘ah  Islam adalah saling melengkapi satu sama lain.Kata Kunci: Pemuliharaan Alam Sekitar, Peraturan Sharī‘ah, Undang-undang Universal, Integriti Undang-Undang Universal dan Agama, Merealisasikan Kepentingan Awam.

أسلوب التعليل القرآني وبعض آثاره التعليمية (The Principles of Qur’anic Argumentation and Its Educational Effects)

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
رضوان جمال الأطرش ◽  
نجوى نايف شكوكاني
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Method ◽  
New Age ◽  
Traditional Education ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Education Effect ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Innovative Thinking ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Practical Impact ◽  
Education Process

        الملخّص      هدف هذا البحث إبراز إمكانية التأثر العملي بأسلوب التعليل في القرآن الكريم، ومحاولة البحث في تطبيقاته في واقع العملية التعليمية من العالم والمتعلم، بحيث لم يقتصر على الدراسة اللغوية أو الأصولية النظرية؛ وخصوصاً بعد التعريف بهذا الأسلوب وأدواته وأهميته وبيان اللوازم الخاصة للعالم والمتعلم للتأثر به، وقد تم ذلك من خلال استخدام المنهج الاستقرائي بتتبع أعمال العلماء في ذلك وتم رصد أقوال المفسرين فيما يتعلق بالأساليب البيانية وآيات التعليل ووجوه الإعجاز القرآني، ومن ثم استُخدم المنهج التحليلي لإثبات ذلك الأثر وإثبات وجود إشارات وأدلة على مظاهر التأثر؛ واستنتاج حقيقة إمكانية استمرارية البحث في كل أدوات وآيات ومواضيع ذلك الأسلوب بنفس الطريقة التي تمّ طرحُها، مما يثري هذا المجال، ويفتح العقول ويدفعها للنظر والتدبر والبحث في آي القرآن، وفي كل المناحي، منطلقةً من فكر التجديد، والإفادة من مستجدات العصر وعلومه ضمن ضوابط العقيدة الغراء والشرع الحنيف. الكلمات المفتاحية: أسلوب التعليل، أدوات أسلوب التعليل، التدبر، التعليم التقليدي، أثر.  Abstract This study intends to highlight the possible practical impact of the principles of argumentation found in the Qur’an. The study attempts to apply the principles on the actual education process of the scholars and students without limiting it to linguistic studies or theoretical principles. This was done after introducing the principles of reasoning, its tools, its importance, and disclosing the special requirements for the scholars and students in order to be influenced by the latter principles.  The work used inductive method to track the works of the scholars on the subject and observe the opinions of the Qur’an-commentators in relation to principles of explanation, verses of argument, and aspects of Qur’anic Inimitability. Analytical method was used to establish the impacts of the Qur’anic arguments; to prove the presence of signs and evidences for the manifestation of the impacts; and to make the continuity of this research possible in all the tools, verses and topics related to the principles of Qur’anic argument. Among those things that enrich this work is that it opens the minds, and pushes it to ponder and study the verses of the Qur’an. For every direction it becomes the starting point for the innovative thinking, and benefit for the new age and its sciences while maintaining the harmony with the principles of creed and the true SharÊ‘ah. Keywords: Principles of Argumentation, Tools of Argumentation Principles, Thinking, Traditional Education, Effect.

Interrelationship of Jatharagni and Dhatvagni in context to Dhatvagni Pradoshaj Vikaras.

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishor G. Satani ◽  
Hemang Raghvani ◽  
Kunjal Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Basic Concept ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Structural Relationship ◽  
The Other ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
One Step ◽  
Material Form

The concept of Agni is basic concept of Ayurveda. Agni is believed to be the agency for any kind of transformation. Maharshi Vagbhatta says that each of the Dosha, Dhatu, Mala etc. have their own Agni. This is how the number of Agni cannot be limited. Though each and every Agni has its own importance, Dehagni or Jatharagni is the most important one as all other Agnis are depended upon Dehagni. Acharya Vagbhatta says that proper function of every Dhatvagni is depended on the Jatharagni. Increase or decrease of Jatharagni directly affects the function of Dhatvagni. Thus, Maharshi Charaka established functional relationship among Jatharagni and other Agnis. Maharshi Vagbhattta goes one step ahead of Maharshi Charaka by using word “Amsha” means; moieties of Kayagni, located to in its own place, are distributed to and permeate to all the Dhatus. A decrease of it (below the normal) makes for an increase of the Dhatus, while an increase of it (above the normal) makes for a decrease of a Dhatus. This shows structural relationship too, between Jatharagni and Dhatvagni as “Amsha” always indicates Murtatva or material form. Further more all these Agnis are connected with each other and due to this relationship, vitiation of Jatharagni results in vitiation of all the other Agnis.

FEATURES OF FUNDING AND THE RESULTS OF THE ACTIVITIES OF HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS OF THE USA (1919 – 2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 225-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.N. MINAT ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education System ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
Inductive Method ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
The Us

The purpose of the study is to identify trends that determine the dynamics and structure of funding for the US higher education system. The subject of this study is the dynamics and structure of funding for the US higher education system. The relevance of the topic of the article lies in the substantiation of possible threats to the use of financial instruments that have passed the path of evolutionary development in America. In accordance with the purpose, a retrospective assessment of these trends has been carried out over a long period of time. To analyze the vast theoretical and statistical material on the stated problems, such methodological techniques and tools as retrospective assessment, statistical and economic analysis, comparative assessment, generalizations, and the inductive method were used. The results obtained reflect not only the stages of spatio-temporal evolution in the development of the American higher education system, but also reveal indicators that make it possible to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of this system over a century of research. The identified trends highlight the contradictory nature of funding for universities in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. On the one hand, the instruments and results of funding reflect the distinct American way of combining centralization and decentralization in the evolutionary development of a complex higher education system. On the other hand, they confirm the worldwide, ambiguous in qualitative assessment, practice of financing universities - reducing the share of government spending by increasing private investment.

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