Aquinas and Contemporary Epistemology

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-173
Author(s):  
Joseph Gamache ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Person ◽  
Epistemic Evaluation ◽  
Contentious Issue ◽  
Truth Norm ◽  
Contemporary Epistemology

Whether and how truth is a norm of belief is a contentious issue in contemporary epistemology. In this paper I retrieve Aquinas’s conception of truth in order to advance a new answer to the question of what grounds the truth-norm. I begin by contrasting the two dominant contemporary accounts of this grounding, showing ways in which each succeeds and fails. Unlike the currently dominant accounts, my account seeks to ground the truth-norm in the nature of truth, as opposed to the nature of belief. Ultimately I argue that Aquinas’s conception of truth furnishes us with an account of the grounding of the truth-norm that satisfies three conditions of adequacy. Such an account (1) grounds the truth-norm in the nature of truth, (2) captures the breadth of epistemic evaluation, and (3) makes sense of the fact that truth is a norm specifically for the human person.

scholarly journals Knowledge as Achievement, More or Less

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Turri
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Virtue Epistemology ◽  
Epistemic Normativity ◽  
Program Performance ◽  
Gettier Problem ◽  
Epistemic Evaluation ◽  
Contemporary Epistemology ◽  
The Gettier Problem

This chapter enhances and extends a powerful and promising research program, performance-based epistemology, which stands at the crossroads of many important currents that one can identify in contemporary epistemology, including the value problem, epistemic normativity, virtue epistemology, and the nature of knowledge. Performance-based epistemology offers at least three outstanding benefits: it explains the distinctive value that knowledge has, it places epistemic evaluation into a familiar and ubiquitous pattern of evaluation, and it solves the Gettier problem. But extant versions of performance-based epistemology have been the object of serious criticism. This chapter shows how to meet the objections without sacrificing the aforementioned benefits.

scholarly journals Some Comments on Abortion Discourse

2015 ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Król
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Contentious Issue ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Fundamental Values

The article presents selected problems relevant for the contentious issue of abortion and the related discourses indicating that one of the characteristic features of abortion discourse is its mediatization. The author aims to characterize the constraints on abortion discourses and the varied environments in which the different types of such discourses emerge. Abortion discourses are sociolinguistically diverse and may exhibit different styles and modes of expression. Although they share the scope of the subject matter involved as in all cases they are centred on abortion-related problems, the field of discourse in each case is defined by the nature of the communicative situation in which a particular discourse is embedded. All abortion discourses are underlined by particular assumptions concerning the nature of human life and its beginning, as well as the issues of the dignity and liberty of the human person. The author suggests that what really hampers abortion discourses and prevents their participants from reaching a consensus is the fact that people who engage in such disputes are faced with the incommensurability of the values which translate into decisive factors and the final arguments used by interacting discussants. Another problem is posed by the fact that the two extreme positions in the debate are formulated with the use of different styles and registers, which results in the clash of asymmetric discourses. Finally, it is not insignificant that subjectively important values are much varied and that they must coexist with two main sets or “families” of abortion-oriented fundamental values present in the polarised camps.

Review of The human person.

1954 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 384-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred McKinney
Keyword(s):  
Human Person

The Human Person at the Heart of Chaplaincy

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-143
Author(s):  
Daniel Nuzum
Keyword(s):  
Human Person

When Is True Belief Knowledge?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Foley
Keyword(s):  
True Belief ◽  
Theory Of Knowledge ◽  
Central Problem ◽  
Significant Aspect ◽  
Coming To Know ◽  
Contemporary Epistemology ◽  
What Matters

A woman glances at a broken clock and comes to believe it is a quarter past seven. Yet, despite the broken clock, it really does happen to be a quarter past seven. Her belief is true, but it isn't knowledge. This is a classic illustration of a central problem in epistemology: determining what knowledge requires in addition to true belief. This book finds a new solution to the problem in the observation that whenever someone has a true belief but not knowledge, there is some significant aspect of the situation about which she lacks true beliefs—something important that she doesn't quite “get.” This may seem a modest point but, as the book shows, it has the potential to reorient the theory of knowledge. Whether a true belief counts as knowledge depends on the importance of the information one does or doesn't have. This means that questions of knowledge cannot be separated from questions about human concerns and values. It also means that, contrary to what is often thought, there is no privileged way of coming to know. Knowledge is a mutt. Proper pedigree is not required. What matters is that one doesn't lack important nearby information. Challenging some of the central assumptions of contemporary epistemology, this is an original and important account of knowledge.

Internet of Things (IoT) is Smart Homes and the Risks

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Technological Evolution ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Full Control ◽  
Control Production ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
And Control

Undoubtedly is a technological revolution that has certainly focused on the interest of software development companies, companies of IT, hardware design, networks and artificial intelligence. A technological revolution that started a few years ago and has evolved rapidly, thanks to the technological evolution of IT and networks. It is a combination of many communication protocols, sensors and other intelligent technologies, the correlation between smart technologies, networks and services that all together complete processes in order to achieve the result for which they were installed. In advanced technology countries, both simple users and industry use IoT where sensors are simplified and automated at home and in industry, there is continuous monitoring, control and prediction of product failure for the benefit of efficient production of high quality products and control production at each stage of product processing / production. Someone could well think and say that all this is fantastic and that we have solved the problem of organization, easy life without further thoughts and worries since everything is done automatically.An IoT in an intelligent house could literally regulate everything, using sensors and appropriate software could talk with a human person, as well as someone could appropriately entice all that security and literally take full control of the premises of a home with consequences from minimal to catastrophic including the complete destruction of a home.

Is all knowledge prepositional?

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 7-19
Author(s):  
Miroslava Andjelkovic
Keyword(s):  
Propositional Knowledge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Infinite Regress ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Knowing How ◽  
The Asymmetry ◽  
Contemporary Epistemology

This paper deals with a criticism of Ryle's claim that the so called Intellectualist legend leads to an infinite regress. Critics have attempted to show that Ryle's argument cannot even get off the ground since its two basic premises cannot be true at the same time. In the paper I argue that this objection is based on a misinterpretation of Ryle's argumentation, which is complex and consists of two arguments, not of a single one as it is claimed. One of Ryle's argument attacks the thesis that an intelligent act is an indirect result of propositional knowledge, while the other, which I call the Asymmetry argument, claims that not every manifestation of knowledge that is accompanied with the manifestation of knowing how. In the paper I argue that both Ryle's arguments are valid and resistant to recent critique so it can be said that Ryle's distinction between knowledge that and knowing how is still an important distinction within contemporary epistemology.

Good Reasoning and Evidence-Based Epistemology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Trout
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Reasoning Strategies ◽  
Good Reasoning ◽  
Naturalistic Theory ◽  
Normative Standards ◽  
Contemporary Epistemology

In early epistemology, philosophers set standards on how to reason and on what counts as knowledge. These normative standards still form a core of work in contemporary epistemology, but much objectively excellent reasoning still doesn’t meet these epistemological standards, and sometimes these standards lead reasoning astray. Improving decisions about health and happiness may require developing even better reasoning strategies than are now available through contemporary epistemology. One naturalistic theory of good reasoning—Strategic Reliabilism—holds that excellent reasoning efficiently allocates cognitive resources to robustly reliable reasoning strategies, all applied to significant problems. This contrasts with the traditional normative theories in epistemology that drew their inspiration from intuitions.

John Paul II’s Centesimus Annus

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Shadle
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Pope John Paul Ii ◽  
John Paul Ii ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
God's Grace ◽  
Centesimus Annus

Pope John Paul II wrote his 1991 encyclical Centesimus Annus to offer a Catholic vision of political and economic life after the collapse of communism in Eastern Europe and the democratization of many countries in Latin America and Asia. The encyclical provided a stronger defense of the free-market economy than had previous Catholic social teaching, and neoconservative Catholics saw it as a vindication of their views. Centesimus Annus also harshly condemns consumerism, however, and proposes that the state has a greater role in ensuring that the economy serves the common good than do the neoconservatives. John Paul II recognizes the essential role of human creativity and ingenuity in the economy, but balances this by emphasizing that the human person is the recipient of God’s grace.

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