Makers of 20th century modern architecture: a bio-critical sourcebook

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 35-0652-35-0652
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Architecture

The Bauhaus Frame Reliability and Loosening

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 107-121
Author(s):  
Kazimierz M. Łyszcz
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Design Activity ◽  
Art World ◽  
Visual Form ◽  
Artistic Activity ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Architecture And Design

The paper presents the problem of the frame, a clearly prevalent pattern in the selected activities of Bauhaus representatives. Despite only a dozen years of its existence, the school of modern architecture and design had a significant impact on the 20th-century world of art, and its social context, aesthetic and functions. In spite of its utilitarianist approach, it has developed a variety of standpoints that resulted in debates over the limits of art and have evolved into a wide range of creative movements that became a permanent feature of the art world. The essence of artistic activity evolved in this formation in two seemingly contradictory directions – towards a radical consolidation of the visual form, which is devoid of any decorations, and its gradual opening to the space surrounding the artistic and design activity. The first direction led to strengthening the integrity of the work and its materiality, while the second led to interference with the environment and the disappearance of the outline of the form. The diverse involvements and relations between these attitudes created different understandings of the frame encompassing the works.

The Bacterial Clients of Modern Architecture

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-17
Author(s):  
Beatriz Colomina ◽  
Mark Wigley
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Contemporary Research

The human is an unstable idea; simultaneously an all-powerful creature – capable of transforming the whole ecology of the planet – yet extremely fragile, a murky ghost. Contemporary research into our microbiome portrays the human itself as a mobile ecology constructed by the endless flux of interactions between thousands of different species of bacteria – some of which are millions of years old and others joined us just a few months ago. This challenges conventional understandings of architecture. What does it mean to house the human when we no longer think that the human organism is securely contained within its skin? What is the role of architecture when the humans occupying it are understood to be suspended in clouds of bacteria shared, generated and mobilized by other macro-organisms (pets, plants, insects…) and the building itself; when the human is not a clearly defined organism or in any sense independent; when the architectural client is a massive set of ever-changing trans-species alliances that make the apparent complexity of even the largest of cities seem quaintly uncomplicated. What kind of care do architects offer if we think of ourselves as alliances between bacteria within the apparent limits of the body and throughout the spaces we occupy? What faces 21st century architects in comparison to 20th century architects?

scholarly journals The avant-garde in the architecture and visual arts of Post-Revolutionary Mexico

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando N. Winfield
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Visual Arts ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Political Context ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
The Political ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Mexican Architecture ◽  
Direct Reflection

Commenting on an exhibition of contemporary Mexican architecture in Rome in 1957, the polemic and highly influential Italian architectural critic and historian, Bruno Zevi, ridiculed Mexican modernism for combining Pre-Columbian motifs with modern architecture. He referred to it as ‘Mexican Grotesque’. Inherent in Zevi’s comments were an attitude towards modern architecture that defined it in primarily material terms; its principle role being one of “spatial and programmatic function”. Despite the weight of this Modernist tendency in the architectural circles of Post-Revolutionary Mexico, we suggest in this paper that Mexican modernism cannot be reduced to such “material” definitions. In the highly charged political context of Mexico in the first half of the 20th Century, modern architecture was perhaps above all else, a tool for propaganda. In this political atmosphere it was undesirable, indeed it was seen as impossible, to separate art, architecture and politics in a way that would be a direct reflection of Modern architecture’s European manifestations. Form was to follow function, but that function was to be communicative as well as spatial and programmatic. One consequence of this “political communicative function” in Mexico was the combination of the “mural tradition” with contemporary architectural design; what Zevi defined as “Mexican Grotesque”. In this paper, we will examine the political context of Post-Revolutionary Mexico and discuss what may be defined as its most iconic building; the Central Library at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico . In direct counterpoint to Zevi, we will suggest that it was far from grotesque, but rather was one of the most committed political statements made by the Modern Movement throughout the Twentieth Century. It was propaganda, it was political. It was utopian.

scholarly journals IRACIONALUMO APRAIŠKOS XX A. UŽSIENIO IR LIETUVOS ARCHITEKTŪROJE

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Algimantas M. Mačiulis
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Art Nouveau ◽  
Art Deco ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
Late Modern

The paper analyses irrationality as an expression of modern architecture, overviews the concept of irrational architecture. Various art and philosophical trends, that influenced the development of architecture in the 20th century, are analysed. Influences of global and Lithuanian analogues of irrational architecture on the development of architectural styles are presented. Since the concept of irrational architecture hasn’t been widely analysed, the paper suggests several approaches of analysis of irrational forms in architecture. The author arrives at the following conclusions: – Irrationality is an opposite expression of rationality, pragmatism, posityvism, technicist morphology. It’s based on deconstruction, indetermination, roughness, dramatic expression, etc. – The effect of irrationality can be obtained by two ways: using decorations, ornaments, polichromy, and using deformations of forms and constructions. – Irrational trends in architecture are caused by several factors. Philosophical trends such as reliatyvism, irrationalism, intuityvism, psychoanalysis, deconstructyvism, and art trends such as cubism, symbolism, expressionism, art deco, surrealism, etc. – Irrational trends in global and Lithuanian architecture of the 20th century can be noticed in art nouveau, art deco, organic, late modern, postmodern, deconstructyvist architectural styles. Santrauka Straipsnyje analizuojamas iracionalumas kaip šiuolaikinės architektūros meninės išraiškos forma, aptariama iracionalumo sąvoka architektūros mene. Taip pat charakterizuojamos sociokultūrinės prielaidos, filosofinės, meno srovės, dariusios įtaką iracionalumo požymiams architektūroje. Nagrinėjami pasauliniai ir Lietuvos iracionaliosios architektūros analogai, apžvelgiamos iracionalumo apraiškos stilistinėje architektūros raidoje.

scholarly journals ZAERA-POLO’S ARCHITECTURAL COMPASS AS A RESEARCH TOOL FOR MODERN CONCEPTS OF ARCHITECTURAL ENVIRONMENT DESIGN

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Dzhyhil Yuriy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Evolutionary Tree ◽  
Research Tool ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Tree Diagram ◽  
National University ◽  
Interactive Map

The article examines the trends in modern architecture, outlined in the studies of architectural critic Alejandro Zaera-Polo and his team. The tool they’ve created was named ‘Interactive Map of Modern Architecture’. Charles Jencks’s ‘Evolutionary Tree’ (diagram of 20th-century architecture) had a significant influence on this tool. The functionality of Zaera-Polo’s map has been examined for five years by the author of this article while tutoring future architects at the Department of Architectural Environment Design at Lviv Polytechnic National University. These examinations allowed us to formulate a number of proposals to improve both - the structure of this map and the methodology of its creation.

scholarly journals Utzon: The defining light of the Third Generation

ZARCH ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
Adrian Carter ◽  
Marja Sarvimäki
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
National Assembly ◽  
The Third ◽  
Opera House

In Space, Time, and Architecture, Sigfried Giedion identified Jørn Utzon as one of the proponents and leaders of what Giedion regarded as the Third Generation of modern architecture in the 20th century. This article considers how Utzon subsequently further exemplified in later works the principles Giedion had identified as essential to that Third Generation and discusses, as Giedion did not explicitly, the significance of light in Utzon’s architecture, which plays a key role in underpinning and articulating these defining principles. This article addresses how the principles Giedion attributed to Utzon and his defining consideration of light, derived from his interpretations of his many transcultural sources of inspiration, notably including from, China, Iran, Japan, Hawaii, Mexico, and Morocco, as well as from his own Nordic realm and Europe, as can be seen in the Sydney Opera House, Can Lis in Mallorca, Melli Bank in Tehran, Kuwait National Assembly, and Bagsværd Church in Denmark, among others.

Identitŕ dell'architettura del XX secolo e progetto contemporaneo

TERRITORIO ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Pierfranco Galliani
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
The Past ◽  
General Orientation ◽  
Enormous Amount ◽  
Active Protection ◽  
The Future ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
The Many

Considering the enormous amount of the architecture built in the 20th century, only the most significant instances will be able to be restored in the true sense of the term. To do this a positive assessment must be made of the many forms of the general orientation towards the restoration of modern architecture. The difficult and operational relationship proposed by the design of restoration for buildings or modern urban fabrics can in fact highlight the issues of the ‘critical continuity' between the past and the present and also the actions designed to maintain architecture and to modify contexts may constitute supports for each other for development which looks to the future. As an alternative to the analogical relationship between the concepts of protection and conservation which usually compress use objectives, the search for the identity of a work of architecture is a path which connects ‘value judgements' with the objective of contemporary design itself, fully representing the idea of ‘active protection'.

Modern Architecture in Southeast Asia, an Introduction. Asia, North-South-West-East

2017 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Setiadi Sopandi ◽  
Yoshiyuki Yamana ◽  
Johannes Widodo ◽  
Shin Muramatsu
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Modern Architecture ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
South West ◽  
Asian Cities ◽  
The Future ◽  
Asian Economy

The Asian economy began to rebound in the early 2000s. Cities were, once again, expanding along with the population and industrialization. Architectural projects, after having halted for a few years, were coming back providing new opportunities for Asian practices. Sharing optimism as well as anxieties, Asian architects and scholars were looking forward to the future as well as once again taking a glimpse back at their recent architectural past, roughly from the late 19th century and throughout the 20th century. With this opportunity, they decided to take a moment to reflect on how Asian cities, landscapes, and their architectural heritage were shaped, altered, grown in the process of Asian societies embracing modernity.

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