PECULIARITIES OF LIGHT FUNCTIONING IN MODERN GREEK CATHOLIC CHURCHES OF UKRAINE

In each historical period, light played an important mystical role in the creation of the sacred space of the temple, and was and is an integral part of religious ritual. Light is an architectural phenomenon, the formative and communicative element of the spatial structure of the temple, the most important factor in the perception of space and layout of the temple. The subject of the analysis contained in the article is the light environment in the space of modern churches of Ukraine. An analysis of the functions of light in churches is made on the example of recently built iconic Greek Catholic temples. The peculiarities of the distribution of natural and artificial light in the space of modern churches, the similarities and differences in the organization of the light environment, as compared to the historical temples, have been revealed. The influence of the light on the architectonics of temples and the visual perception of their object environment, on the formation of the corresponding mystical mood and sacred atmosphere is defined. The values and functions of electric lighting in the structure of the light environment of the temple, the directions of development of electric lighting systems due to the expansion of their utilitarian and decorative functions are determined.

HISTORICAL FORTIFICATIONS IN THE ARCHITECTURAL AND URBAN PLANNING STRUCTURE OF LVIV (ON MARGINES DOCUMENTATION "HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL REFERENCE PLAN OF LVIV")

Ancient city fortifications are one of the specific types of defensive architecture. Along with the buildings of castles, blocks of urban residential development, monastery complexes and field defensive structures, they formed a special type of architectural and urban planning objects. During their construction, the skills of both an architect, builder, and military engineer were often combined. Not so many objects of urban defense architecture have come down to our time. Therefore, every fragment of the city's defensive walls and earthen fortifications preserved today, as a rule, is a valuable document of its era and needs careful protection and preservation. Urban fortifications (as opposed to fortifications of castles or fortresses) were the objects of priority liquidation in the process of urban development. There are very few of them preserved in Ukraine, so their preservation and study is a matter of extreme importance. Lviv is a unique city on the map of Ukraine in terms of the development of urban fortifications. The article analyzes the reflection of objects and monuments of defense construction in the scientific and design documentation "Historical and Architectural Reference Plan of the City of Lviv". Data on the stages of development of Lviv fortifications are highlighted. Special attention is paid to the remains of fortifications that have been preserved in the archaeological form. Their identification, conservation and identification is important task for modern urban development projects. The paper makes hypotheses about some hitherto unidentified elements of fortifications of the XVII-XVIII centuries. Special emphasis is placed on the need for a special scientific study on the detailed reconstruction of all stages of the development of defense belts around the city center and suburbs of Lviv

THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF THE ORGANIZATION OF COMMUNICATIVE SPACES OF CHILDREN'S EDUCATIONAL AND REHABILITATION CENTERS

The article provides an in-depth analysis of the theoretical foundations that precede the process of organizing communicative spaces within the children's educational and rehabilitation centre for social adaptation - an institution whose goal is to create optimal conditions for enhanced socialization of children with special psychological needs and their further integration into society. The definition of signs of children's communicative space is considered and the significance of spatial composition in the process of socialization of children is determined. The article considers key aspects of the problem – medical and architectural and determines possible factors influencing the process of expanding the network of institutions of the corresponding direction on the territory of Ukraine

THE PHENOMENON OF THE "GREEK RENAISSANCE" IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF IMPERIAL ROME

The article analyzes the phenomenon of borrowing forms of Greek architecture in the architecture of Ancient Rome of Emperor Hadrian's era (II century AD). This phenomenon is interpreted as the first representation of historicism in architecture – the use of elements of the former culture in actual project creativity to convey certain ideas and meanings. The article shows that the "Greek Renaissance" in the architecture of imperial Rome was an organic component of the general process of hellenophilism, characteristic of the general cultural development of that time.

SCULPTURE WORKSHOP: PROFESSIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR CREATING A LEARNING ENVIRONMENT

One of the necessary and mandatory conditions for high-quality professional art education is training in an environment that encourages creative work and provides the necessary level of comfort, ergonomic, technological, sanitary and technical requirements and proper organization of labour protection. Compared to other artistic professions, the working environment of a sculptor is more complex. It must be equipped with the necessary technical equipment (mostly quite large) and manual and mechanical tools, take into account functional requirements and complex technological processes, as well as provide the necessary and diverse indicators of lighting level, temperature, humidity, noise, etc. All these requirements also apply to sculpture academic workshops, where students learn the basics of the profession. Subsequently, graduates of sculpture departments use the acquired skills in their creative activities. Stating a certain degradation of the requirements for the profession of the sculptor, the authors of the publication express worries about the obvious underestimation of requirements for the workplace of a professional sculptor, which can be observed in numerous examples, and remind the reader of these basic requirements

NATURE AND RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE FIRST GARDEN CITIES IN GALICIA: “SALWATOR” IN KRAKOW AND “NOVYI SVIT” IN LVIV

The article discloses the peculiarities of the nature and residential environment in the first garden cities in Galicia: “Salwator” in Krakow and “Novyi Svit” in Lviv. The topicality of the issue is predetermined by the need for supplementing and developing available scientific researches related to the study of the garden city concept as well as for analyzing profoundly and comparing the architectural and townplanning structures of the garden cities in Galicia at the early stages of their development. Both general scientific methods (historical, comparative, structural analysis), and special field observations have been used. This comprehensive approach has enabled us to point out the special features (planning, functional) of the garden cities as exemplified by Lviv and Krakow. It has been proven that the development of the architecture and town planning of the above cities in the early ХХth century corresponds to the general European trends, while the concept of garden cities was implemented in a fragmented way, that is in the form of gardens-on-the-outskirts.

TEMPLE AS A MODEL OF STRUCTURAL CONSTRUCTION IN SYMBOLIC-FIGURATIVE AND ARCHITECTURAL-SPATIAL ASPECTS

The article reveals the features of modelling the structure of the temple space, taking into account their symbolic-figurative and architectural-spatial implementation in church buildings of Byzantium and Rus-Ukraine. Sacralization of space and place through the manifested phenomenon of their consecration is created by the image and form of the temple building. The transformation of the planning and spatial solution of churches, from the domical bathylic to the form, shape, symbol, form creation, sacral, dome, bathylic, cross-domical structure, made it possible to combine them both in large metropolitan buildings and smaller churches while maintaining the ability to embody the essence of the "temple as an earthly heaven" closer to a person in this space. This essence is also present in modern temple buildings, which preserve the traditions of shaping their predecessors.

METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE TRANSPORT AND PEDESTRIAN ACCESSIBILITY OF MULTI-STOREY RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS AND COMPLEXES, AS WELL AS THEIR IMPACT ON THE CITY INFRASTRUCTURE

The paper focuses on the author's method of assessing pedestrian and transport mobility of residents of modern multi-storey buildings and complexes. The study of transport routes in cities is the subject matter of entire scientific and design institutes, therefore, the method has been designed to make architects, researchers, developers and urban planners aware of a housing unit in terms of its accessibility, as well as to assess its impact on the city.

PROGRAMS FOR FORTIFICATION AREA CONSERVATION IN THE NETHERLANDS

The article is aimed at familiarizing readers and specialists with programs for the preservation of fortification territories and methods of using historical landscapes in the Netherlands, the legal aspect of preserving the remains of fortifications and terrain. The project method of integrating the territory into the tourist observation network is considered. Over the past 30 years, the Netherlands has been developing a legal framework in the intersectoral branch for the protection of a significant historical landscape, including existing or lost objects of fortification art of the XVIII and XX centuries. Reasonable protection criteria, a well-formed strategy for systematic use and subordination of the territory prevents violation of the legal framework of the monument and its physical integrity accelerates the process of developing architectural and design proposals for restoring the spatial appearance of the fortification object

CHRONOLOGY AND ARCHITECTURE OF ST. PETER'S CHURCH IN PRZEMYSL FROM THE OLD RUSSIAN ERA TO THE XVII CENTURY

The article analyzes the complex of historical and archaeological materials related to the architecture of the lost St. Peter's Church in Przemysl, which existed approximately from the XII-XIII centuries to 1679. Based on the systematization of the available data, an attempt is made to recreate the chronology of changes in the planning structure and appearance of the structure from the time of its appearance to dismantling.