‘Open Purpose’: Embracing Organizations as Expressive Systems

The concept of purpose gained prominence in organization theory in recent years but there are discrepant views of its meaning, which we review as evolving and different perspectives: economic theories of the firm; stakeholder approaches; integrative social contracts; and social mission. We elaborate these perspectives in terms of the ebb and flow of ideas and eras. Against these instrumental views, we revisit the work of Robert Cooper, namely the ever-open purpose of expressive organizations, and contrast this with fixist views of purpose in instrumental organizations. We engage with the logic of open purpose and sketch a way of rethinking purpose as a general orientation that constantly evolves and changes over time in interaction with its ecosystem.

Implicit and explicit learning of Bayesian priors differently impacts bias during perceptual decision-making

Knowledge without awareness, or implicit knowledge, influences a variety of behaviors. It is unknown however, whether implicit knowledge of statistical structure informs visual perceptual decisions or whether explicit knowledge of statistical probabilities is required. Here, we measured visual decision-making performance using a novel task in which humans reported the orientation of two differently colored translational Glass patterns; each color associated with different orientation probabilities. The task design allowed us to assess participants’ ability to learn and use a general orientation prior as well as a color specific feature prior. Classifying decision-makers based on a questionnaire revealed that both implicit and explicit learners implemented a general orientation bias by adjusting the starting point of evidence accumulation in the drift diffusion model framework. Explicit learners additionally adjusted the drift rate offset. When subjects implemented a stimulus specific bias, they did so by adjusting primarily the drift rate offset. We conclude that humans can learn priors implicitly for perceptual decision-making and depending on awareness implement the priors using different mechanisms.

Framing in a Multicultural Social Movement

This article analyses the sustainability movement that opposed the construction of the Las Cruces hydroelectric project in the San Pedro River watershed in Nayarit, Mexico. It focuses on the movement’s theoretical framework and general orientation in order to show how the various and distinct frameworks that emerged throughout the evolution of the movement were selected, adjusted and creatively reworked within the movement. This allowed these frameworks to adapt to changing local social, cultural, and environ- mental conditions through a process that also enriched them and imbued them with new meanings through contact with the perspectives of coastal agricultural and fishing communities, as well as with indigenous Naayeri communities in the mountains.

On the Classifi cation of Absolute Legal Relationships

Absolute legal relations as a conflict of laws phenomenon require in-depth analysis and classification in order to ensure the most effective state of their protection. In the present article, the author raises the question of the general orientation of absolute legal relations, as well as the possibility of their differentiation into general and specific ones. The author examines their classification types depending on their belonging to private or public law; depending on the specifics of the object and its influence on the dynamic and static components of absolute legal relations; depending on the branch of law; depending on the purity of the nature of the absolute legal relations themselves. The author also analyzes the expediency of identifying quasi-absolute legal relations. The importance of resolving the issue of the correct classification of absolute legal relations is dictated by its influence on the degree of legality and guarantee of the process of realization of absolute and inalienable rights of the individual.

FEATURES OF PROFESSIONAL ORIENTATION FUTURE TEACHERS

This article is devoted to the theoretical and practical analysis of the study of professional orientation of future teachers. The definition of the essence of the concept of «personality orientation» is analyzed. Orientation is the main structural component of personality in the form of a system of motives, which determines the selectivity of attitudes and activities of the individual; the basis of personality structure, which determines its proactive behavior, which goes beyond the reaction to external stimuli. It acts as a regulator of human behavior and activities. The problem of professional orientation of the person is studies and the peculiarities of the professional orientation of future specialists in the pedagogical field are substantiated. Professional orientation is determined by professional needs, interests, inclinations, guidelines and values of the individual. The development of professional orientation occurs in the process of professionalization of the individual, associated with the development of consciousness and self-awareness of the individual and affects the acquisition of professional knowledge, skills and abilities. Professional orientation is a manifestation of the general orientation of the individual in work. Professional orientation of the individual as one of the leading conditions for the success of the individual in professional activities and as a basic characteristic of the professional’s personality. Professional and pedagogical orientation of the individual is one of the main in the personality structure of the teacher, which determines the system of its leading motives, interests, values, meaning, encourages the development of professionally important qualities, reflects a certain emotional and value attitude of a person to the teaching profession, manifests itself in a lasting in her and the student, and also affects the entire life of the individual and determines the characteristics of behavior. The main methods of research of features of professional orientation of future teachers are analyzed, meeting the requirements of standardization, validity, reliability: general orientation and professional orientation of the future teachers and their value orientations. The sample, stages of empirical research are characterized and the obtained results of studying the peculiarities of professional orientation of future pedagogical specialists are analyzed.

Developing a Cybersecurity Framework for e-Government Project in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

The evolution of information systems has escalated significantly within the last decade as research unveils new concepts. The general orientation to provide solutions to complex problems continues to inspire innovation and new advancements. Cybersecurity is emerging as a critical factor for consideration within the resultant paradigm as information systems become significantly integrated. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of cybersecurity within the context of information systems. The paper examines some of the most consequential aspects of cybersecurity from the perspective of an e-government project in Saudi Arabia. A holistic system is proposed within the research framework to incorporate various scientific guidelines. The general orientation of this research is predicated on the aspiration to design and implement a complex and robust framework within which an e-government system can thrive within the Saudi Arabian context. A consideration of the physical environment within which the project will operate is also made, focusing on security. An evaluation of the cybersecurity environment in Saudi Arabia is reflective of significant advancements that have occurred in information system domains within the past few years.

Implicit and explicit learning of Bayesian priors differently impacts bias during perceptual decision-making

ABSTRACTKnowledge without awareness, or implicit knowledge, influences a variety of behaviors. It is unknown however, whether implicit knowledge of statistical structure informs visual perceptual decisions or whether explicit knowledge of statistical probabilities is required. Here, we measured visual decision-making performance using a novel task in which humans reported the orientation of two differently colored translational Glass patterns; each color associated with different orientation probabilities. The task design allowed us to assess participants’ ability to learn and use a general orientation prior as well as a color specific feature prior. Classifying decision-makers based on a questionnaire revealed that both implicit and explicit learners implemented a general orientation bias by adjusting the starting point of evidence accumulation in the drift diffusion model framework. Explicit learners additionally adjusted the drift rate offset. When subjects implemented a stimulus specific bias, they did so by adjusting primarily the drift rate offset. We conclude that humans can learn priors implicitly for perceptual decision-making and depending on awareness implement the priors using different mechanisms.

Ukrainian Fashion Houses as Centers of Soviet Fashion Representation

The study examines Soviet fashion houses as fashion corporations with an extensive structure and a certain autonomy which served as centers for the development and representation of Soviet fashion. These state institutions were created in the capitals and large cities of the Soviet republics. The Moscow All-Union Fashion House acted as a methodological center for fashion houses of all Soviet republics. The Ukrainian SSR was one of the important centers of fashion development in the Soviet Union, and it included six general orientation and five specialized fashion houses, as well as the Ukrainian Institute of Assortment of Light Industry Products and Clothing Culture. Based on a wide range of archival sources and interviews with fashion house workers, the article reveals the structure and operation of Ukrainian fashion houses in the period between 1940 and 1991 and also examine their cooperative endeavors with garment enterprises and research institutions. The technology of clothing production by designers, the processes of approval to which these technologies were subjected by art councils, and the organization of exhibitions in the USSR and abroad are also considered.

ON THE QUESTION OF CLASSICAL THEMES IN THE ART OF PRE-MONGOL RUSSIA

A narrow range of Byzantine texts, primarily chronographic ones, containing classical themes and images, were translated in Russia starting from the 11th century.These texts became the literary basis of secular and ecclesiastic art. Several iconographic motifs from mythological stories and the “Ascension of Alexander the Great” entered the art of pre-Mongol Russian. Byzantium was the main source of the antique elements in Old Russian culture. Some motifs were also adopted in Old Russia from Romanesque art, through close contact with Western Europe. The tradition of using ancient subjects for the decoration of churches in relief, which was widespread both in Byzantine and in Romanesque art, was continued in Russian monuments. Сlassical subjects on the walls of churches served as apotropaic images, but their symbolism could also include other aspects. Antique motifs are encountered even in the frescoes of monastery churches which followed a strict, ascetic iconographic programme in spite of the general orientation of Old Russian art towards the monastic culture of Byzantium. The author deals with the problem of specific samples. It is unlikely that objects of applied art could have served as models for church sculpture.