Key issues in crime and punishment: v.2: Police and law enforcement

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (06) ◽  
pp. 49-3049a-49-3049a
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrii Kofanov ◽  
◽  
Nataliia Pavlovska ◽  
Maryna Kulyk ◽  
Yuliia Tereshchenko ◽  
...  

The research was conducted on the basis of the method of system analysis and generalization of information obtained during the survey conducted by different categories of law enforcement officers who carry out pre-trial investigation of the said crimes, as well as reports from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine, the National Police of Ukraine, National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine, etc. for 2016-2019. The most relevant motives and methods of committing corruption crimes were analyzed and found that bribery and corruption were the first among economic crimes, and the increase in the number of these crimes was facilitated by the high corruption of state bodies in various spheres of public life. The key issues that will reduce the level of corruption in the state are outlined.


2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel LaChance ◽  
Paul Kaplan

Popular documentary representations of crime and punishment have traditionally tended to fall into two camps: programs that are critical of law enforcement agencies and those that are sympathetic to them. In this article, we show how programs that present themselves as critical of legal authorities can nonetheless reinforce the “law and order punitivism” that underlay the ratcheting up of harsh punishment in the late 20th century. In a case study of the popular documentary miniseries Making a Murderer, we show how this can happen when texts fetishize the question of a criminal defendant’s innocence, adopt a “good versus evil” approach to players in the criminal justice system, and perpetuate a procedural rather than substantive vision of justice. Arguments are supported by a close reading of Making a Murderer and illustrated by a line of discussion it inspired in an internet forum.


Author(s):  
Mark Lentz

Spanish and Portuguese claims to American territories led to the passage of many early laws and the establishment of courts overseas. For the first decade after contact, few regulations restricted the behavior of the earliest Europeans abroad, and no laws governed their treatment of the indigenous inhabitants or, later, enslaved Africans. Questions over the reach and application of laws passed in Spain, specifically Castile, led to thousands of royal laws and decrees guiding jurists in the application of laws in the Americas. This body of law is known as derecho indiano. To bring order to the unruly conquistadors and resistant indigenous inhabitants of the Americas, Spain imposed laws governing relations between Spaniards and indigenous Americans. Abundant documentation on indigenous-Spanish interactions in courts has led to an outpouring of research on the intersection between crime and punishment and indigenous society in colonial Latin America. Compared to France and its territories’ Code Noir, however, no overarching legal code addressed Spanish and Portuguese colonists’ dealings with slaves. Determinations regarding slaves drew from medieval and early modern precedents, such as the Siete partidas. The three American tribunals of the Inquisition intervened into the lives of enslaved people as well. Except for a few studies on enslaved people’s interactions—usually unwilling—with the Inquisition, there are fewer studies of slavery and crime than those covering indigenous, European, and mixed-descent subjects. One key characteristic of the legal regime in Latin America is the tenuous division between ecclesiastical jurisdictions and secular law enforcement. The Inquisition, with seats established in Mexico City, Lima, and Cartagena de Indias, combined elements of both secular and ecclesiastical courts. Its jurisdiction over “sin crimes” has received more coverage than other judicial institutions in the colonial Americas. Studies of civil and ecclesiastical law enforcement skew toward the 18th century, due in part to the abundance of documentation for the later colonial period. In the early 21st century, however, scholars have turned their attention to the second half of the 17th century, beginning to fill a historiographical void. Mid- and late-20th-century scholars worked to reconstruct a comprehensive institutional and philosophical framework of the Iberian law in the Americas, which included both regional studies and empire-wide surveys. Overall, research on crime and punishment in Latin America has shifted away from institutional histories toward social histories of crime that delve more deeply into topics of race and gender, typically more narrow in geographic scope.


2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Metin M. Coşgel ◽  
Boǧaç Ergene ◽  
Haggay Etkes ◽  
Thomas J. Miceli

Ruling for more than six centuries over lands that spanned three continents, the Ottomans developed a system of law enforcement that initially relied on fines collected by local agents. In the sixteenth century, much of the revenue from these fines went to the local officials in charge of identifying suspects and punishing criminals. To prevent corruption, the personnel responsible for adjudicating criminals were not also responsible for punishing them; public officials were periodically rotated between regions; and law-enforcement agents' compensation derived from criminal fines as well as local taxes. After the seventeenth century, high levels of inflation, imperial decentralization in the provinces, and the institution of long-term tax farming altered the government's relationship with local law-enforcement agents, thereby reducing the effectiveness of mechanisms that previously helped to control corruption. These developments impelled the Ottomans to decrease their reliance on fines for punishment in later periods.


2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 1132-1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akheil Singla ◽  
Charlotte Kirschner ◽  
Samuel B. Stone

Historically, revenue associated with things like traffic citations—termed fines and forfeitures—has made up an insignificant portion of city revenue. In recent years, however, cities are increasingly reliant on these revenues. This changed without fanfare, meaning there is little understanding of how or why it occurred. One potential explanation is budgetary, meaning cities rely more on fines due to increased fiscal stress or demand for public safety services. Alternatively, existing research demonstrates that race and representation are significant predictors of crime and punishment outcomes, including traffic citations. Using a stratified random sample of California cities, this study investigates which of these factors explain city reliance on revenue from fines and forfeitures. It finds that cities’ reliance on fines and forfeitures is not associated with budgetary need or public safety service provision, but is associated with the race of the population and the racial composition of law enforcement.


2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
K.B. Baitemirov ◽  

The article analyzes the results of an expert survey of prosecutors. The relevance of the topic is due to the task of increasing the effectiveness of prosecutorial oversight for the implementation of laws when receiving, registering and resolving reports of crimes. The scientific search and determination of the directions for improving this type of prosecutorial supervision in article are based on the method of expert survey in which prosecutors at various levels expressed their opinions and assessed key issues of supervisory practice. The analysis of the results of the survey showed that improving prosecutorial supervision lies in the plane of normative regulation of new forms of information and analytical work of prosecutors and in the development of new tools for working with information. It is concluded that organizational measures (interaction, methodology, etc.) play a decisive role in the Prosecutor's supervision of law enforcement when receiving, registering and resolving reports of crimes.


2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-267
Author(s):  
Andrei L. BELOUSOV

Subject. This article focuses on the development of the syndicated lending institution as the respective legal framework emerges. Objectives. The article aims to consider problems of the development of syndicated lending in Russia and describe the main areas for further changes in the legal regulation. Methods. For the study, I used logical and structural analyses, and functional analysis system and legalistic approaches. Results. The article describes the essence, features and legal regulation of syndicated lending, and evaluates enforcement practices based on the new syndicated loan law. It also formulates key issues and identifies further areas for changing the legal regulation of syndicated lending. Conclusions. The development of syndicated lending can significantly support large and medium-sized businesses in terms of job preservation, tax revenue growth, and business competitiveness. The findings can contribute to the theory of syndicated lending in the Russian Federation, and practical activities to suggest possible legislative and regulatory improvements in this area.


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