The Federal Executive: Bureaucratic Fusion versus Governmental Bifurcation

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus H. Goetz
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
Level System ◽  
German Government ◽  
Dual Nature ◽  
Party Government ◽  
Parliamentary Government ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Level Fusion ◽  
Government Coalition

The federal ministerial executive is a dual institution, which combines the attributes of a government and an administration. This chapter investigates how European integration has affected this dual nature. It suggests that these two qualities of the executive have been affected in a differential way. On the administrative side, progressive integration has, indeed, been associated with growing ‘multi-level fusion’, through which the ministerial administration becomes part of a closely interconnected multi-level system. By contrast, the governmental dimension of the executive is characterized by growing bifurcation. Government takes place at two levels – the European and the domestic – but institutional linkage between the two levels is limited and some of the defining features of German government, notably the defining tenets of party government, coalition government, and parliamentary government, show few signs of Europeanization.

The ECtHR, transregional dialogues and global constitutionalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-551
Author(s):  
WAYNE SANDHOLTZ
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Legal Order ◽  
Level System ◽  
Global Order ◽  
European Court ◽  
Human Rights Treaties ◽  
Global Constitutionalism ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Global Law ◽  
Decentralized Mechanism

AbstractIn A Cosmopolitan Legal Order, Stone Sweet and Ryan suggest that ‘from the standpoint of global law, we see that the [European Court of Human Rights] has taken its place in a pluralist, rights-based international order, as one trustee of this global order’. This article is a preliminary attempt to evaluate signs of movement toward global rights review. A multi-level charter of rights exists in the network of international and regional human rights treaties and in national constitutions. An incipient structure of global rights review exists in the form of the regional human rights courts, which see themselves as trustees of the larger global human rights system. Judicial dialogue among the regional courts allows for informal, decentralized coordination among them. The European Court of Human Rights serves as a point of reference for the African and Inter-American systems, though these also cite each other. Transregional judicial dialogue establishes a rudimentary, informal and decentralized mechanism of coordination among bodies that exercise a review function in the multi-level system of international human rights.

scholarly journals Multi-level Governance in Refugee Housing and Integration Policy: a Model of Best Practice in Leverkusen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Auslender
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Governance Structure ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
German Government ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Integration Management ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The City

AbstractThis paper will explore a model of best practice, the Leverkusen Model, as well as its impact on both the city and the refugees it serves by utilising key stakeholder interviews, civil servants, non-profits, and Syrian refugees living in Leverkusen. The core argument to be presented here is that the dynamic fluidity of the Leverkusen Model, where three bodies (government, Caritas, and the Refugee Council) collaborate to manage the governance responsibilities, allows for more expedited refugee integration into society. This paper utilises an analytical model of multi-level governance to demonstrate its functional processes and show why it can be considered a model of best practice. Started in 2002, the Leverkusen Model of refugee housing has not only saved the city thousands of euros per year in costs associated with refugee housing, but has aided in the cultivation of a very direct, fluid connection between government, civil society, and the refugees themselves. Leverkusen employs a different and novel governance structure of housing for refugees: with direct consultations with Caritas, the largest non-profit in Germany, as well as others, refugees who arrive in Leverkusen are allowed to search for private, decentralised housing from the moment they arrive, regardless of protection status granted by the German government. This paper fills a gap in the existing literature by addressing the adaptation of multi-level governance and collaborative governance in local refugee housing and integration management.

Multi-Level Fusion Net for hand pose estimation in hand-object interaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
pp. 116196
Author(s):  
Xiang-Bo Lin ◽  
Yi-Dan Zhou ◽  
Kuo Du ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
Xiao-Hong Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pose Estimation ◽  
Hand Pose Estimation ◽  
Object Interaction ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Level Fusion ◽  
Hand Pose

scholarly journals Comments and Analysis of the Main Schools of Modern Foreign Language Teaching Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yin Hua
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
Foreign Language Teaching ◽  
Level System ◽  
Teaching System ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Language Teaching Methods

<p>Modern foreign language teaching method is a diversified, multi-dimensional and multi-level system. It is helpful in improving the level of foreign language teaching in China and establishing a foreign language teaching system with Chinese characteristics to comment on and analyze some of the most influential foreign language teaching schools.</p>

scholarly journals Multi-level Governance and Energy Specifics of the V4 Countries within the Context of European Integration

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-546
Author(s):  
Helena Bauerová ◽  
Milan Vošta
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Energy Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Theoretical Concept ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Energy Mix ◽  
Strategic Plans ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThe topic of energy is still one of the most sensitive policy areas. The aim of this article is to examine the multi-level governance and energy specifics of the V4 countries within the context of European integration by analyzing selected the specifics of the energy mix of the V4 group countries. This will be carried out within the context of applying the theory of multilevel governance. The paper shows how energy policy is formed at state, and/or non-state level, as well as how these levels are influenced by the EU. The article also looks at the efforts taken to shape a common energy policy. A closer examination of the individual countries‘ levels lies outside the scope of this article. Therefore, the framework was chosen with regard to the particular features within the context of the functioning of the V4 group of countries. Using multi-level governance as a theoretical concept, the authors considered the limits arising from the determination of levels and the subjects of the survey, as well as having distinguished three levels of analysis. The first is the supranational level. This is represented by the EU. The second level is represented by the V4 states. The third level is the state as the actor that formulates energy policy, sets the energy mix and subsequently manifests itself in relation to the EU and the V4 group. Energy policy is significantly influenced by states, especially in the area of energy security of fuel supplies, or that of setting the energy mix. With the gradual communitarization of energy policy, the EU’s influence is growing and it is debatable how the evaluation of existing strategic plans, presented by individual states, will be done. The role of the V4 group is the weakest of the three levels of analysis which were examined. However, its increasing influence can be predicted mainly in the case of coal depletion and the perception of nuclear energy as a renewable source.

scholarly journals Modeling the Competitiveness of Indonesian Palm Oil Industry: A Conceptual Model Using Hierarchical Multi-Level System Approach

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Y.H. Silitonga ◽  
Senator Nur Bahagia ◽  
Tota Simatupang ◽  
Joko Siswanto
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Level System ◽  
Multi Level

scholarly journals Σύγχρονες Μορφές Διακυβέρνησης στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση: Η Περίπτωση του Ευρωπαϊκού Ομίλου Εδαφικής Συνεργασίας

2018 ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Γιώργος Οικονόμου
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
New Members ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Territorial Cohesion ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Modes Of Governance ◽  
Intervening Variables ◽  
New Modes Of Governance ◽  
Inter State

The process of European integration poses pressures for new modes of governance in the European space, allowing for the development of subnational mobilization. The European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC) constitute a formal type of cross-border, inter-state and inter-regional co-operation aiming at improving social, economic, and territorial cohesion. This article focuses on the EGTCs as a new mode of multi-level governance. It is argued that motivation for participation in an EGTC stands for an essential precondition for attracting new members, however, is not suffi cient taking into account intervening variables which have an impact upon subnational mobilization.

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