scholarly journals Difference in germination rate of Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) provenances contrasting in their seed morphometrics when pretreated with concentrated sulfuric acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1412-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diouf Macoumba ◽  
Arona Ndiaye Samba Samba ◽  
Arona Ndiaye Samba Samba ◽  
Ndoye Ousmane ◽  
Van Damme Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

Response of Flamboyant seeds (Delonix regia) subjected to different dormancy overcoming methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
R. R. Rocha ◽  
C. G. B. G. D. Mariussi ◽  
S. N. Silva ◽  
R. Noetzold
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

Flamboyant has great ornamental use, because it has beautiful flowers, having a great use in urban afforestation and park ornamentation. The seeds have a low germination rate because they have dormancy caused by the impermeability of the integument. In this sense, the objective was to determine the most efficient method to overcome dormancy in flamboyant seeds. The experimental design was fully randomized with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of: 1-Witness (non-scarified seeds); 2- Hot water at 90º C for 5 minutes; 3- Concentrated sulfuric acid 98% for 60 minutes; 4- Mechanical scarification with sandpaper number 80. The characteristics evaluated were: emergency, emergency speed index, seedling height and root length. A significant difference can be observed in the treatments evaluated only for the emergency speed index where the scarification treatment with sandpaper was higher than the others, for the other characteristics evaluated there was no difference

scholarly journals Effects of Different Seeds Pretreatments on the Germination of Five Local Trees: Four From The Fabaceae Family and One From the Bombacacea

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (43) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Yélemou Barthelemy ◽  
Tyano Abdoulaye ◽  
Koala Jonas ◽  
Zongo Rebecca Rebecca
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Parkia Biglobosa ◽  
Adansonia Digitata ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Piliostigma Reticulatum

The problem of the effectiveness of the established pre-treatments of seeds of local tree species is posed more and more often, with acuity. It appears necessary that studies are led to explore new methods of pre-treatment, or to update the old instructions applied, for a better success and at lower cost, of the production of seedlings. The present study concerned five species: Acacia nilotica, Adansonia digitata, Parkia biglobosa, Piliostigma reticulatum and Tamarindus indica. The methodology involved subjecting the seeds to three different pretreatments: (i) seeds treated with sulfuric acid (T0), (ii) seeds soaked in hot water for 24 hours (T1), (iii) seeds soaked in hot water for 48 hours (T2). For Acacia nilotica seeds, the different pretreatments did not result in statistically different germination rates. The germination rates are 77%, 65% and 62% (respectively for soaking in hot water for 48 hours, sulfuric acid and soaking in hot water for 24 hours). The different pretreatments also do not result in different germination rates for Tamarindus indica. Indeed, the germination rates after 30 days for this species are good but statistically identical (85% for the pretreatment with sulfuric acid and hot water for 24 hours). For Adansonia digitata, Parkia biglobosa and Piliostigma reticulatum, the sulfuric acid pretreatment gave the best germination rate (49%, 54% and 41% respectively). The results of this study may have practical consequences in terms of management of the different species studied. They show that immersing in boiling water and left for 24 hours and 48 hours yields fairly satisfactory germination rates for Acacia nilotica and Tamarindus indica seeds. These inexpensive techniques, accessible to all, can be considered as means to easily produce seedlings of these species.

scholarly journals Germination and Morphology of Sophora secundiflora Seeds Following Scarification

HortScience ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Ruter ◽  
Dewayne L. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Pretreatment Time ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
One Year ◽  
Scanning Electron

Seeds of Sophora secundiflora (Ort.) Lag ex. DC. (mescal bean) were scarified with hot water or concentrated sulfuric acid to determine an optimal pretreatment for successful germination. Scanning electron micrographs indicated that the acid scarification treatment removed the seed cuticle. One-year-old seeds were successfully stored and germinated ≈2 days sooner than from the current year if both were given an acid pretreatment. Germination rate increased as acid pretreatment time increased from 30 to 120 minutes. Soaking seeds in water at room temperature or in hot water (initially 93C) for 24 hours had no effect on germination.

scholarly journals Requirements for Seed Germination of Mexican Redbud, Evergreen Sumac, and Mealy Sage

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jimmy L. Tipton
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Cercis Canadensis ◽  
Quadratic Response Surface ◽  
Seed Scarification ◽  
Percent Germination ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Seed scarification and stratification (moist-prechilling) requirements of Mexican redbud [Cercis canadensis var. mexicana (Rose) M. Hopk.] and evergreen sumac (Rhus virens Gray) and the effects of temperature on final percent germination, maximum germination rate, and inflection time (time to maximum germination rate) for the above species plus seeds of mealy sage (Salvia farinacea Benth.) were investigated. Maximum predicted germination from a quadratic response surface was 95% after 62 minutes of concentrated sulfuric acid scarification plus 35 days of stratification for Mexican redbud, and 59% after 52 minutes of scarification plus 73 days of stratification for evergreen sumac. Mexican redbud germinated at 24 to 31C. Predicted optima for final percent germination, maximum germination rate, and inflection time were 100% at 28C, 30% germination per day at 31C, and 4 days at 29C, respectively. Evergreen sumac germinated at 21 to 31C. Final percent germination for this species declined with increasing temperature from a predicted maximum of 52% at 21C, whereas maximum germination rate increased with temperature to a predicted maximum of 69% germination per day at 31C. Inflection time was high at both extremes with a predicted minimum of 10 days at 25C. Mealy sage germinated at 21 to 34C. Predicted optima for final percent germination, maximum germination rate, and inflection time were 96% at 25C, 104% germination per day at 27C, and 3 days at 28C, respectively.

Gallium Arsenide Integrated Circuits Decapsulation Technique Using Mixed Acid Chemistry For Die-Level Failure Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Jeffrey M. Consigo ◽  
Ricardo S. Calanog ◽  
Melissa O. Caseria
Keyword(s):  
Gallium Arsenide ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Mixed Acid ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Plastic Package ◽  
Fuming Nitric Acid ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

Abstract Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) integrated circuits have become popular these days with superior speed/power products that permit the development of systems that otherwise would have made it impossible or impractical to construct using silicon semiconductors. However, failure analysis remains to be very challenging as GaAs material is easily dissolved when it is reacted with fuming nitric acid used during standard decapsulation process. By utilizing enhanced chemical decapsulation technique with mixture of fuming nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid at a low temperature backed with statistical analysis, successful plastic package decapsulation happens to be reproducible mainly for die level failure analysis purposes. The paper aims to develop a chemical decapsulation process with optimum parameters needed to successfully decapsulate plastic molded GaAs integrated circuits for die level failure analysis.

PRODUCTION OF SULFOCATIONITE BY MODIFICATION OF NATURAL COAL WITH CONCENTRATED SULFURIC ACID

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (441) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
N.A. Bektenov ◽  
◽  
N.C. Murzakassymova ◽  
M.A. Gavrilenko ◽  
А.N. Nurlybayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Natural Coal

Addition of primary alcohols to 3-chlorononafluoro-1,5-hexadiene and perfluoro-1,3,5-hexatriene

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1714-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Václav Dědek ◽  
Igor Linhart ◽  
Milan Kováč
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Primary Alcohols ◽  
Principal Product ◽  
Allyl Rearrangement ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Alkoxide

Sodium alkoxide-catalyzed addition of methanol, ethanol and propanol to 3-chlorononafluoro-1,5-hexadiene (I) proceeds at temperatures -35 °C to 8 °C with allyl rearrangement, affording 1,6-dialkoxy-1,1,2,3,4,4,5,6,6-octafluoro-2,4-hexadiene (V) as the principal product, along with 1,6-dialkoxy-1,2,3,3,4,5,6,6-octafluoro-1,5-diene (VI) and trans-1,6-dialkoxy-1,1,2,3,4,4,5,6,6-nonafluoro-2-hexene (VII). The ethers Va-Vc consist of the cis,trans- and trans,trans-isomers in about 3 : 1 ratio, whereas the ethers VIa-VIc have trans,trans-configuration. Ethers Vc and VIc react with concentrated sulfuric acid to give dipropyl 2,3,4,5-tetrafluoro-2,4-hexadienedioate (IX) and dipropyl 2,3,4,4,5-pentafluoro-2-hexenedioate (X), respectively, whereas the ether VIIc affords a mixture of propyl 6-propyloxy-2,3,4,4,5,6-heptafluoro-2-hexenoate (XI) and ester X. Addition of methanol to perfluoro-1,3,5-hexatriene (II) affords 1,1,2,3,4,5,6,6-octafluoro-1,6-dimethoxy-3-hexene (XIII) as the principal product.

scholarly journals 4,5,6-Trichloropyrimidine-2-carboxamide

Molbank ◽  
10.3390/m1190 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. M1190
Author(s):  
Andreas S. Kalogirou ◽  
Panayiotis A. Koutentis
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
Concentrated Sulfuric Acid

Reaction of 4,5,6-trichloropyrimidine-2-carbonitrile (1) with concentrated sulfuric acid at ca. 20 °C gave 4,5,6-trichloropyrimidine-2-carboxamide (5) in 91% yield. The new compound was fully characterized by IR, MALDI-TOF, NMR and elemental analysis.

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