Antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of Sorghum halepense against Macrophomina phaseolina

ABSTRACT Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the most destructive soil-borne fungal plant pathogens. In the present study, different aerial parts of Senna occidentalis were analyzed for their antifungal activity against M. phaseolina. In initial screening bioassays, 0.5-3.0% concentrations of methanolic extracts of fruit, leaf and stem were tested against M. phaseolina. The methanolic leaf extract showed the greatest activity causing up to 29% suppression in biomass production of M. phaseolina. Fractionation of leaf extract of S. occidentalis was carried out with four organic solvents. Bioassays with a range of concentrations (2.34-150 mg mL-1) of these sub-fractions revealed that the chloroform sub-fraction was the most effective, causing 93-98% reduction in the biomass of M. phaseolina, followed by 59-92% suppression in fungal biomass due to the n-hexane sub-fraction. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol sub-fractions were only effective at higher concentrations. GC-MS analysis of chloroform sub-fraction was performed to identify different compounds. Six compounds were identified in this fraction; 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester was the predominant compound (53.55%) followed by 9,10-dimethyltricyclo[4.2.1.1 (2,5)]decane-9,10-diol (22.68%), cyclohexanol, and 2-(2-hydroxy-2-propyl)-5-methyl (9.87%).

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ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF A BRASSICACEOUS WEED Sisymbrium irio AGAINST Macrophomina phaseolina

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582017350100057 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. JAVAID ◽

L. AFZAL ◽

A. SHOAIB

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Fungal Pathogen ◽

Fungal Biomass ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Root Extract ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Antifungal Potential ◽

Sisymbrium Irio

ABSTRACT Macrophomina phaseolina, a soil-borne plant pathogen, has the ability to cause diseases in about 500 plant species. Unfortunately, so far no registered fungicide is available against this fungal pathogen. In the present study, different extracts of Sisymbrium irio, a weed of family Brassicaceae, were tested for evaluation of their antifungal activity against M. phaseolina. In screening bioassays, antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of 1% to 6% concentrations of different parts (leaf, stem, root and fruit) of the weed was assessed against the fungal pathogen. Methanolic leaf and root extracts significantly reduced fungal biomass up to 59% and 69% over control, respectively. Methanolic leaf and root extracts were further partitioned using four organic solvents namely n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol in order of increasing polarity. Antifungal activity of different concentrations of these fractions (3.125, 6.25, …, 200 mg mL-1) was assessed against the pathogen. Chloroform and n-hexane fractions of methanolic leaf extract showed highly pronounced activity resulting in 35-75% and 15-87% reduction in fungal biomass over corresponding control treatments, respectively. Likewise, the highest concentration (200 mg mL-1) of chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of methanolic root extract reduced fungal biomass by 75%, 70% and 87%, respectively. The present study concludes that chloroform and n-butanol fractions of methanolic leaf and root extracts of S. irio, respectively, contain potent antifungal constituents for management of M. phaseolina.

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Evaluation of antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of Dicanthium annulatum for the management of Macrophomina phaseolina

African Journal of Microbiology Research ◽

10.5897/ajmr12.1553 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 6 (29) ◽

Author(s):

Syeda Fakehha Naqvi

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Methanolic Extracts

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Antifungal Activity of Euclea divinorum Root and Study of its Ethnobotany and Phytopharmacology

Processes ◽

10.3390/pr7100680 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 680 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Al-Fatimi

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Plant Root ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

Root Bark ◽

Ethnobotanical Survey ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Absidia Corymbifera ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Antibiotic Drug

The ethnobotanical survey of Euclea divinorum Hiern (Ebenaceae) was conducted on Soqotra Island, Yemen. The root bark is used to treat mouth, dental, dermal and blood diseases in the traditional medicine of the island. The study is the first report about the effect of the plant root barks against six human pathogenic fungi. The non-polar dichloromethane extract of Euclea divinorum root bark showed stronger antifungal activities compared to polar direct and sequential methanolic extracts. These extracts showed significant broad antifungal activity against Absidia corymbifera, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida krusei, Microsporum gypseum, Mucor sp. and Trichophyton mentagrophytes compared to the standard antibiotic drug nystatin. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) revealed the presence of the naphthoquinones in the extracts. The results showed an extraction process to separate most antifungal naphthoquinones from the root bark by using non-polar solvent dichloromethane, while flavonoids remained in the polar methanolic extracts; therefore, the polar sequential and direct methanolic extracts recorded higher antioxidant activity than the non-polar extracts with less toxicity. The biological and chemical results identified the presence of antifungal and antioxidant constituents in the root bark and confirm its traditional use in Soqotra Island as crude powder to treat dental and dermal diseases and to clean teeth. Moreover, our results are compared with literature review on ethnobotany and phytopharmacology of the E. divinorum to present a medicinal monograph about the plant.

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Synthesis, Antifungal Activity and Structure-Activity Relationships of Vanillin Oxime-N-O-Alkanoates

Natural Product Communications ◽

10.1177/1934578x1200701224 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 1934578X1200701 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vivek Ahluwalia ◽

Nandini Garg ◽

Birendra Kumar ◽

Suresh Walia ◽

Om P. Sati

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Chain Length ◽

Acyl Chain ◽

Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽

Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽

Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽

Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽

Acyl Chlorides ◽

Acyl Chain Length

Vanillin oxime- N-O-alkanoates were synthesized following reaction of vanillin with hydroxylamine hydrochloride, followed by reaction of the resultant oxime with acyl chlorides. The structures of the compounds were confirmed by IR, 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. The test compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antifungal activity against three phytopathogenic fungi Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii by the poisoned food technique. The moderate antifungal activity of vanillin was slightly increased following its conversion to vanillin oxime, but significantly increased after conversion of the oxime to oxime- N-O-alkanoates. While vanillin oxime- N-O-dodecanoate with an EC50 value 73.1 μg/mL was most active against M. phaseolina, vanillin oxime- N-O-nonanoate with EC50 of value 66.7 μg/mL was most active against R. solani. The activity increased with increases in the acyl chain length and was maximal with an acyl chain length of nine carbons.

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