Antifungal Activity of Euclea divinorum Root and Study of its Ethnobotany and Phytopharmacology

The ethnobotanical survey of Euclea divinorum Hiern (Ebenaceae) was conducted on Soqotra Island, Yemen. The root bark is used to treat mouth, dental, dermal and blood diseases in the traditional medicine of the island. The study is the first report about the effect of the plant root barks against six human pathogenic fungi. The non-polar dichloromethane extract of Euclea divinorum root bark showed stronger antifungal activities compared to polar direct and sequential methanolic extracts. These extracts showed significant broad antifungal activity against Absidia corymbifera, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida krusei, Microsporum gypseum, Mucor sp. and Trichophyton mentagrophytes compared to the standard antibiotic drug nystatin. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) revealed the presence of the naphthoquinones in the extracts. The results showed an extraction process to separate most antifungal naphthoquinones from the root bark by using non-polar solvent dichloromethane, while flavonoids remained in the polar methanolic extracts; therefore, the polar sequential and direct methanolic extracts recorded higher antioxidant activity than the non-polar extracts with less toxicity. The biological and chemical results identified the presence of antifungal and antioxidant constituents in the root bark and confirm its traditional use in Soqotra Island as crude powder to treat dental and dermal diseases and to clean teeth. Moreover, our results are compared with literature review on ethnobotany and phytopharmacology of the E. divinorum to present a medicinal monograph about the plant.

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Antifungal Activity of Gentamicin B1 against Systemic Plant Mycoses

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25102401 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (10) ◽

pp. 2401

Author(s):

Gaspar Banfalvi

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Aminoglycoside Antibiotic ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

Antifungal Effect ◽

Related Compounds

Background: Gentamicin is a broad-spectrum aminoglycoside antibiotic produced by Micromonospora purpurea bacteria, effective against Gram-negative bacterial infections. Major fractions of the gentamicin complex (C1, C1a, C2, C2a) possess weak antifungal activity and one of the minor components (A, A1–A4, B, B1, X), gentamicin B1 was found to be a strong antifungal agent. Methods: This work uses in vitro and in vivo dilution methods to compare the antifusarial, antiaspergillic and anticryptococcal effects of gentamicin derivatives and structurally-related congeners. Results: The in vitro antifusarial activity of gentamicin B1 (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.4 μg/mL) and structurally-related compounds (MIC 0.8–12.5 μg/mL) suggests that the purpuroseamine ring substituents are responsible for the specific antimycotic effect. The functional groups of the garoseamine and 2-deoxystreptamine rings of gentamicin derivatives are identical in gentamicin compounds and are unlikely to exert a significant antifungal effect. Among soil dermatophytes, Microsporum gypseum was more susceptible to gentamicin B1 (MIC 3.1 µg/mL) than Trichophyton gypseum (MIC 25 µg/mL). The in vitro antifungal effect of gentamicin B1 against plant pathogenic fungi was comparable to primary antifungal agents. Conclusion: Gentamicin is already in medical use. In vitro and preclinical in vivo synergisms of gentamicin B1 with amphotericin B suggest immediate clinical trials starting with subtoxic doses.

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Antifungal activity of Terminalia chebula fruit extracts

Current Botany ◽

10.25081/cb.2020.v11.6499 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 216-220

Author(s):

P. Venkatachalam ◽

C.V. Chittibabu

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

Terminalia Chebula ◽

Dried Fruits ◽

Methanol Extracts ◽

Fruit Extracts ◽

Methanolic Extracts

The present study was aimed to investigate the anticandidal and antifungal potential of dried fruit extracts of Terminalia chebula against Candida albicans, C. tropicalis C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. parapsilosis, and Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, Microsporum gypseum. Phytochemical analysis of methanol extracts of T. chebula dried fruits showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and steroids. Among the tested four extracts, the methanol extracts of T. chebula dried fruits exhibited the highest antifungal activity and their inhibition zone was ranged between 7.5 to 19.5mm. MIC and MFC values were between 62.5-250μg/ml and 250-500μg/ml respectively. Zone of inhibition (19.5 mm), MIC (62.5µg/ml) and MFC (125µg/ml) values observed in methanolic extracts of T. chebula dried fruits against A. fumigates and T. mentagrophytes. Our findings proved that methanolic extracts of T. chebula dried fruits were possessed substantial anticandidal and antifungal properties.

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In Vitro Activity of Lawsonia inermis (Henna) on Some Pathogenic Fungi

Journal of Mycology ◽

10.1155/2014/375932 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elham Abdelbasit Suleiman ◽

Elbasheir Ahmed Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

In Vitro Activity ◽

Lawsonia Inermis ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Yeast Strains ◽

Inhibition Concentration

The present study was conducted to investigate antifungal activity of Lawsonia inermis (Henna plant). Leaf samples of the plant were collected from Eastern Nile of Khartoum State, Sudan. Ethanol and petroleum ether extracts were obtained by maceration (cold method). The extracts were bioassayed in vitro to know their bioactivity to inhibit the growth of tested fungi. The cup-plate agar diffusion method was adopted to assess the antifungal activity of the extracts against tested yeasts, while agar incorporated method was used for other molds. Both extracts revealed antifungal activity against all yeast strains except Pichia fabianii which was found resistant to both ethanol and ether extracts. The results displayed antifungal activity against tested fungi. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) of 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/mL was found to inhibit the growth of tested dermatophytes. The obtained results revealed antifungal activity of Henna leaves extracts which support the traditional use of Henna in therapy of fungal infections. The possibility of therapeutic use of Sudanese Henna as antifungal agent is recommended.

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ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF KOMBUCHA TEA AGAINST HUMAN PATHOGENIC FUNGI

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i5.13432 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 253 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ari - Yuniarto ◽

Kusnandar Anggadiredja ◽

Riana Annisa Nur Aqidah

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Infectious Diseases ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

Major Contributor ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Disc Diffusion Method ◽

Kombucha Tea ◽

Bacteria And Fungi

ABSTRACTObjective: In general, infectious diseases still known as a major contributor to the number of morbidity and mortality in the worldwide besideother diseases. Infections are ordinarily caused by viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Several human pathogenic fungi involving Aspergillus flavus, Candidaalbicans, and Microsporum gypseum have responsible against infectious diseases. The objective of the research was to evaluate the antifungal activityof kombucha tea against human pathogenic fungi such as A. flavus, C. albicans, and M. gypseum.Methods: The antifungal activity of the kombucha tea against A. flavus, C. albicans, and M. gypseum were tested by disc diffusion method with durationof fermentation in 6, 12, and 18 days.Results: Based on the present study, inhibitory diameter of A. flavus, C. albicans, and M. gypseum are 16.83, 15.36, and 25.06 mm, respectively. Theinhibitory diameter was obtained from kombucha tea activity with duration of fermentation in 6 days.Conclusion: The results provide support for the use of kombucha tea as a potential antifungal source against human pathogenic fungi involvingA. flavus, C. albicans, and M. gypseum.Keywords: Antifungal, Kombucha tea, Pathogenic, Fungi.

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Phytochemical Analysis and Antifungal Activity of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Trema guineensis (Ulmaceae), A Plant from the Ivoirian Pharmacopoeia

Journal of Advances in Microbiology ◽

10.9734/jamb/2020/v20i830271 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 14-20

Author(s):

Lacinan Ouattara ◽

M’boh Epi Reine Elisabeth N’gou ◽

Issa Bagré ◽

Andrée Emmanuelle Sika ◽

Karamoko Ouattara

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Fungal Strains ◽

Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽

Tube Dilution Method

Trema guineensis is a woody plant distributed in tropical forest of which leaf and bark extracts are traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases including fever, bronchitis, and gastrointestinal disorders. Previous studies have highlighted their antibacterial activity. So, present work was designed to examine the phytochemical and antifungal properties of aqueous crude extract of T. guineensis leaves. The bioactive components extracted from leaves were tested against pathogenic fungi using the agar tube dilution method. Antifungal activity of aqueous leaves extracts was carried out against selected pathogenic fungal strains as Aspergillus fumigatus, Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. The phytochemical analysis of the aqueous crude extract revealed the presence of secondary metabolites widely reported as antifungal such as flavonoids, saponins, quinones, alkaloids, polyphenols. The results showed that the aqueous crude leaves extract of T. guineensis was effective in inhibiting the fungal growth and were active against A. fumigatus, C. neoformans and C. albicans with MIC and MFC ranged from 20 to 200 mg/mL and 100 to 400 mg/mL, respectively. The efficient antifungal activity of T. guineensis from the present investigation revealed that aqueous leaf crude extract of the selected plant had a moderate potential to inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungal strains. This finding showed that the aqueous extract of T. guineensis exerted an antifungal effect on C. albicans, A. fumigatus and C. neoformans and supports its traditional use in herbal medicine.

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Assessment ofOpuntia ficus-indicain vivo Following Ethnobotanical Survey: Confirmation of its Analgesic Activity

Phytothérapie ◽

10.3166/phyto-2019-0144 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (S1) ◽

pp. S191-S196

Author(s):

A. Mouhaddach ◽

A. El-hadi ◽

K. Taghzouti ◽

M. Bendaou ◽

R. Hassikou

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Analgesic Activity ◽

Prickly Pear ◽

Tail Flick ◽

Ethnobotanical Study ◽

Ethnobotanical Survey ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽

Plant Parts

Opuntia ficus-indica(the cactus or prickly pear) is a cactus belonging to the Opuntiae family. Several Opuntiae plant parts have been used in traditional Moroccan medicine. In this study, we investigated its most common use as an analgesic. An ethnobotanical study ofOpuntia ficus-indicawas first conducted in 10 areas in Morocco. Extracts fromOpuntia ficus-indicacladodes were obtained using a decoction method and its analgesic activity in mice was investigated by the hot plate and tail flick methods. Cladode extracts had significant (p<0.05) analgesic activity at intraperitoneal doses of 300, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight. Both methods revealed significantly increased latency at all three doses (p<0.05) compared to controls. These data suggest that the traditional use of this plant as an analgesic is valid; in fact, perhaps it may be a centrally-acting analgesic.

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Homogenate Extraction of Dihydroartemisinin from Artemisia Hedinii and Its Antifungal Activity

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.1093/jaoacint/qsab010 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cong You ◽

Jun Yu ◽

Guangjiong Qin ◽

JinPeng Yang ◽

Chunlei Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Crude Extract ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Alternaria Alternata ◽

Low Cost ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Extraction Yield ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Extraction Technology ◽

Homogenate Extraction

Abstract Background Artemisia hedinii is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. It can be used to extract dihydroartemisinin (DHA). Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the optimal conditions for the homogenate extraction of DHA from A. hedinii and the antifungal activity of DHA. Methods In this study, single factor experiments and response surface method were used to determine the optimal extraction conditions of crude extract and DHA, the method of spore germination was used to study the antifungal activity of DHA to Alternaria alternata. Result The optimal conditions were found as fellow: ratio of liquid to material 22 mL/g; Extraction time 60 s; soaking time 34 min. Under these conditions, extraction yield of DHA was (1.76 ± 0.04%). When the concentration of crude extract were 0.5 and 8 mg/mL, the spore germination inhibition rates of Alternaria alternata were (17.00 ± 2.05%) and (92.56 ± 2.01%), which were 3.34 and 1.15 times that of DHA standard, respectively. Conclusion Homogenate extraction technology is a fast and efficient method to extract DHA from A. hedinii. The crude extract has significant antifungal activity against A. alternata with low cost, which provides a possibility for the use of DHA in the prevention and treatment of plant pathogenic fungi. Highlights The optimum conditions of the extraction of DHA from A. hedinii by homogenate extraction were obtained. DHA has antifungal activity against A. alternata. Compared with pure DHA, the crude extract has stronger antifungal activity against A. alternata.

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Phytochemistry and Biological Activities of Iris Species Growing in Iraqi Kurdistan and Phenolic Constituents of the Traditional Plant Iris postii

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020264 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 264

Author(s):

Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin ◽

Faiq H. S. Hussain ◽

Soran K. Najmaldin ◽

Zaw Min Thu ◽

Mohammed Farhad Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Chromatographic Separations ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Traditional Remedies ◽

Phenolic Constituents ◽

Total Antioxidant

A dozen Iris species (Iridaceae) are considered traditional remedies in Kurdistan, especially for treating inflammations. Phytochemical studies are still scarce. The information reported in the literature about Iris species growing in Kurdistan has been summarized in the first part of this paper, although, except for Iris persica, investigations have been performed on vegetal samples collected in countries different from Kurdistan. In the second part of the work, we have investigated, for the first time, the contents of the methanolic extracts of Iris postii aerial parts and rhizomes that were collected in Kurdistan. Both extracts exhibited a significant dose-dependent free radical scavenging and total antioxidant activities, comparable to those of ascorbic acid. Medium-pressure liquid chromatographic separations of the two extracts afforded l-tryptophan, androsin, isovitexin, swertisin, and 2″-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl swertisin from the aerial parts, whereas ε-viniferin, trans-resveratrol 3,4′-O-di-β-d-glucopyranoside, and isotectorigenin were isolated from the rhizomes. This is the first finding of the last three metabolites from an Iris species. The various remarkable biological activities of isolated compounds scientifically sustain the traditional use of I. postii as a medicinal plant.

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Polyhydroxyalkanoate/Antifungal Polyene Formulations with Monomeric Hydroxyalkanoic Acids for Improved Antifungal Efficiency

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060737 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 737

Author(s):

Marina Pekmezovic ◽

Melina Kalagasidis Krusic ◽

Ivana Malagurski ◽

Jelena Milovanovic ◽

Karolina Stępień ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fungal Growth ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

Medium Chain Length ◽

Gold Drugs ◽

Growth Inhibitory Activity ◽

Transdermal Application ◽

Antifungal Efficiency

Novel biodegradable and biocompatible formulations of “old” but “gold” drugs such as nystatin (Nys) and amphotericin B (AmB) were made using a biopolymer as a matrix. Medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates (mcl-PHA) were used to formulate both polyenes (Nys and AmB) in the form of films (~50 µm). Thermal properties and stability of the materials were not significantly altered by the incorporation of polyenes in mcl-PHA, but polyene containing materials were more hydrophobic. These formulations were tested in vitro against a panel of pathogenic fungi and for antibiofilm properties. The films containing 0.1 to 2 weight % polyenes showed good activity and sustained polyene release for up to 4 days. A PHA monomer, namely 3-hydroxydecanoic acid (C10-OH), was added to the films to achieve an enhanced synergistic effect with polyenes against fungal growth. Mcl-PHA based polyene formulations showed excellent growth inhibitory activity against both Candida yeasts (C. albicans ATCC 1023, C. albicans SC5314 (ATCC MYA-2876), C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019) and filamentous fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus ATCC 13073; Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC 9533, Microsporum gypseum ATCC 24102). All antifungal PHA film preparations prevented the formation of a C. albicans biofilm, while they were not efficient in eradication of mature biofilms, rendering them suitable for the transdermal application or as coatings of implants.

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Properties of Mentha × piperita cv. ‘Kristinka’ Essential Oil

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10081567 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 1567

Author(s):

Ippolito Camele ◽

Daniela Gruľová ◽

Hazem S. Elshafie

Keyword(s):

Antifungal Activity ◽

Xanthomonas Campestris ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Antimicrobial Properties ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Cell Membrane Permeability ◽

Penicillium Expansum ◽

Mentha Piperita ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

Main Components

Several economically important crops, fruits and vegetables are susceptible to infection by pathogenic fungi and/or bacteria postharvest or in field. Recently, plant essential oils (EOs) extracted from different medicinal and officinal plants have had promising antimicrobial effects against phytopathogens. In the present study, the potential microbicide activity of Mentha × piperita cv. ‘Kristinka’ (peppermint) EO and its main constituents have been evaluated against some common phytopathogens. In addition, the cell membrane permeability of the tested fungi and the minimum fungicidal concentrations were measured. The antifungal activity was tested against the following postharvest fungi: Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia fructicola, Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus niger, whereas antibacterial activity was evaluated against Clavibacter michiganensis, Xanthomonas campestris, Pseudomonas savastanoi and P. syringae pv. phaseolicola. The chemical analysis has been carried out using GC-MS and the main components were identified as menthol (70.08%) and menthone (14.49%) followed by limonene (4.32%), menthyl acetate (3.76%) and β-caryophyllene (2.96%). The results show that the tested EO has promising antifungal activity against all tested fungi, whereas they demonstrated only a moderate antibacterial effect against some of the tested bacteria.

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