scholarly journals Bioassays Guided Fractionation of Senna occidentalis for Identification of Natural Antifungal Constituents Against Macrophomina phaseolina

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. JAVAID ◽  
H. QUDSIA ◽  
A. SHOAIB
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Initial Screening ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Benzenedicarboxylic Acid

ABSTRACT Macrophomina phaseolina is one of the most destructive soil-borne fungal plant pathogens. In the present study, different aerial parts of Senna occidentalis were analyzed for their antifungal activity against M. phaseolina. In initial screening bioassays, 0.5-3.0% concentrations of methanolic extracts of fruit, leaf and stem were tested against M. phaseolina. The methanolic leaf extract showed the greatest activity causing up to 29% suppression in biomass production of M. phaseolina. Fractionation of leaf extract of S. occidentalis was carried out with four organic solvents. Bioassays with a range of concentrations (2.34-150 mg mL-1) of these sub-fractions revealed that the chloroform sub-fraction was the most effective, causing 93-98% reduction in the biomass of M. phaseolina, followed by 59-92% suppression in fungal biomass due to the n-hexane sub-fraction. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol sub-fractions were only effective at higher concentrations. GC-MS analysis of chloroform sub-fraction was performed to identify different compounds. Six compounds were identified in this fraction; 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester was the predominant compound (53.55%) followed by 9,10-dimethyltricyclo[4.2.1.1 (2,5)]decane-9,10-diol (22.68%), cyclohexanol, and 2-(2-hydroxy-2-propyl)-5-methyl (9.87%).

scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF A BRASSICACEOUS WEED Sisymbrium irio AGAINST Macrophomina phaseolina

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. JAVAID ◽  
L. AFZAL ◽  
A. SHOAIB
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Root Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Sisymbrium Irio

ABSTRACT Macrophomina phaseolina, a soil-borne plant pathogen, has the ability to cause diseases in about 500 plant species. Unfortunately, so far no registered fungicide is available against this fungal pathogen. In the present study, different extracts of Sisymbrium irio, a weed of family Brassicaceae, were tested for evaluation of their antifungal activity against M. phaseolina. In screening bioassays, antifungal activity of methanolic extracts of 1% to 6% concentrations of different parts (leaf, stem, root and fruit) of the weed was assessed against the fungal pathogen. Methanolic leaf and root extracts significantly reduced fungal biomass up to 59% and 69% over control, respectively. Methanolic leaf and root extracts were further partitioned using four organic solvents namely n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol in order of increasing polarity. Antifungal activity of different concentrations of these fractions (3.125, 6.25, …, 200 mg mL-1) was assessed against the pathogen. Chloroform and n-hexane fractions of methanolic leaf extract showed highly pronounced activity resulting in 35-75% and 15-87% reduction in fungal biomass over corresponding control treatments, respectively. Likewise, the highest concentration (200 mg mL-1) of chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of methanolic root extract reduced fungal biomass by 75%, 70% and 87%, respectively. The present study concludes that chloroform and n-butanol fractions of methanolic leaf and root extracts of S. irio, respectively, contain potent antifungal constituents for management of M. phaseolina.

ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF LEAF EXTRACT OF Cannabis sativa AGAINST Aspergillus flavipes

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-453
Author(s):  
Iqra Haider Khan ◽  
Arshad Javaid
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Cannabis Sativa ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Antifungal Effect ◽  
Butanol Fraction ◽  
Aspergillus Flavipes ◽  
Antifungal Potential ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays

Cannabis sativa L. is a medicinally important weed of family Cannabaceae generally grows along road-sides and waste-lends in Punjab, Pakistan. In the present study, antifungal effect of leaf extract of this weed was assessed against Aspergillus flavipes. Methanolic leaf extract of the weed was partitioned into five fractions using organic solvents of variable polarities. A range of concentrations (1.562 to 200 mg mL-1) of each fraction was used in laboratory bioassays. n-Butanol fraction showed the highest antifungal activity followed by chloroform and n-hexane fractions causing 68–82%, 52–82% and 42–82% decrease in biomass of A. flavipes. Ethyl acetate showed a moderate antifungal potential while aqueous fraction showed the least antifungal activity causing 47–76% and 38–73% reduction in fungal biomass, respectively. This study concludes that n-butanol fraction of leaf extract of C. sativa is highly effective in controlling growth of A. flavipes.

Antifungal activity of extracts from endophytic fungi associated with Smallanthus maintained in vitro as autotrophic cultures and as pot plants in the greenhouse

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 1202-1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz H. Rosa ◽  
Nurhayat Tabanca ◽  
Natascha Techen ◽  
Zhiqiang Pan ◽  
David E. Wedge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
Smallanthus Sonchifolius ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Fungal Assemblages ◽  
Pot Plants

The endophytic fungal assemblages associated with Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp.) H. Rob. and Smallanthus uvedalius (L.) Mack. ex Small growing in vitro autotrophic cultures and in the greenhouse were identified and evaluated for their ability to produce bioactive compounds. A total of 25 isolates were recovered that were genetically closely related to species of the genera Bionectria , Cladosporium , Colletotrichum , Fusarium , Gibberella , Hypocrea , Lecythophora , Nigrospora , Plectosphaerella , and Trichoderma . The endophytic assemblages of S. sonchifolius presented a greater diversity than the group isolated from S. uvedalius and demonstrated the presence of dominant generalist fungi. Extracts of all fungi were screened against the fungal plant pathogens. Ten extracts (41.6%) displayed antifungal activities; some of them had a broad antifungal activity. The phylotypes Lecythophora sp. 1, Lecythophora sp. 2, and Fusarium oxysporum were isolated from in vitro autotrophic cultures and displayed antifungal activity. The presence of bioactive endophytic fungi within S. sonchifolius and S. uvedalius suggests an ecological advantage against pathogenic attacks. This study revealed reduced numbers of endophytes in association with both Smallanthus species in controlled cultivation conditions compared with the endophytic communities of hosts collected in the wild environments. Even as reduced endophytic communities, these fungi continue to provide chemical protection for the host.

scholarly journals Composition, Mosquito Larvicidal, Biting Deterrent and Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils of Different Plant Parts of Cupressus arizonica var. glabra (‘Carolina Sapphire’)

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Ali ◽  
Nurhayat Tabanca ◽  
Betul Demirci ◽  
K. Husnu Can Baser ◽  
Jane Ellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Female Cone ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Cupressus Arizonica

Essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation of female cones (FC), male cones (MC), needle-twigs (NT) and wood-bark (WB) of ‘Carolina Sapphire’ [Cupressus arizonica var glabra (Sudw.) Little] were analyzed simultaneously by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The main constituents of the investigated essential oils were as follows: FC: α-pinene 68.5% and myrcene 11.9%; MC: α-pinene 22.5%, epi- zonarene 9.9%, zonarene 6.9%, limonene 6.8% and cadina-3,5-diene 6.1%; NT: α-pinene 20.7%, epi-zonarene 10.4%, zonarene 7.6%, limonene 5.9% umbellulone 5.8% and cadina-3,5-diene 5.8%; WB: α-pinene 40.7%, limonene 3.2% and umbellulone 2.9%. Essential oils were evaluated for antifungal activity against the strawberry anthracnose causing fungal plant pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae and C. gloeosporioides. Only WB essential oil showed moderate activity when compared with the commercial antifungal standards. Carolina Sapphire essential oils exhibited biting deterrent activity at 10 pg/cm2 with Biting Deterrence Index (BDI) values of 0.64, 0.59, 0.65 and 0.72, for FC, MC, NT and WB, respectively, and were significantly lower (P≤0.05) than the synthetic insect repellent, DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide), at 25 nmol/cm2 against Aedes aegypti. The biting deterrence of NT and WB oils at 100 μg/cm2 with BDI values of 1.04 and 1.01, respectively, were similar, whereas the activity of MC (BDI=0.88) and FC (BDI=0.62) essential oils was lower than DEET at 25 nmol/cm2. Essential oil from FC with LD50 of 33.7 ppm was most toxic against 1-day-old Ae. aegypti larvae at 24-h post treatment. Female cone essential oil was significantly more toxic than MC (LD50=53.6 ppm), NT (LD50=55.5 ppm) and WB (LD50=44.6 ppm) essential oils.

Douglas-fir root-associated microorganisms with inhibitory activity towards fungal plant pathogens and human bacterial pathogens

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 690-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paige E. Axelrood ◽  
Alison M. Clarke ◽  
Reed Radley ◽  
S. Janet V. Zemcov
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Microbial Culture ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Forest Sites

A microbial culture collection composed of 1820 bacterial strains, including 298 actinomycete strains, was established from the roots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings harvested from conifer nurseries and forest sites. Two hundred and thirty-four strains inhibited the growth of Fusarium, Cylindrocarpon, and (or) Pythium spp. in in vitro assays. A significantly greater proportion of bacterial strains from actinomycete genera exhibited antifungal properties compared with bacterial strains from nonactinomycete genera. Eighty-nine percent of identified inhibitory strains were Streptomyces, Streptoverticillium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, or Burkholderia species. The actinomycete species were isolated almost exclusively from forest seedlings. Recovery of inhibitory strains representing 29 microbial species was enhanced using a variety of methods to isolate microorganisms from the roots of seedlings from nursery and forest sites. Bacterial strains (including actinomycete strains) with antifungal activity were tested for in vitro growth inhibition of six clinical human bacterial pathogens (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Forty-eight percent of the tested strains inhibited one or more human pathogens. Inhibitory activity towards fungal and bacterial pathogens was strain specific, not species specific, and many inhibitory strains exhibited broad-spectrum activity. Strains with antifungal activity against several conifer root pathogens were also more likely to inhibit multiple species of clinical bacterial pathogens.Key words: in vitro, antimicrobial, conifer rhizosphere.

scholarly journals ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF Cirsium arvense EXTRACTS AGAINST PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGUS Macrophomina phaseolina

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BANARAS ◽  
A. JAVAID ◽  
A. SHOAIB ◽  
E. AHMED
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Antifungal Activities ◽  
Acid Methyl

ABSTRACT Leaves, stems, roots and inflorescence of the asteraceous weed Circium arvense were extracted in methanol for two weeks. Methanol was evaporated in a rotary evaporator. Different concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4 and 5%) of methanolic extracts were prepared, and their antifungal activities were studied against Macrophomina phaseolina, using malt extract broth as growth medium. In general, extracts of all plant parts showed antifungal activities to variable extents. The highest antifungal activity occurred due to methanolic extract of leaves, followed by stem and root extracts, resulting in 10-74%, 6-57% and 11-39% reduction in fungal biomass over control, respectively. Inflorescence extract showed the least antifungal activity, resulting in 2-30% reduction in fungal biomass over control. There was a linear and inverse relationship between extract concentrations and fungal biomass for extracts of all the four parts. GC-MS analysis showed that there were 10 compounds in most effective methanolic leaf extract. Among these, 10-octadecanoic acid, methyl ester (26.442%), 2H-1-benzopyran, 6,7-dimethoxy-2-2-dimethyl (20.195%), hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (15.752%) and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, methyl ester (12.628%) were predominant compounds in the extract that may be responsible for antifungal activity. This study concludes that methanolic leaf extracts of C. arvense can be used for the management of M. phaseolina.

scholarly journals Étude Phytochimique et activité antifongique d'extraits de quelques Euphorbiaceae médicinales utilisées chez les Baoulé du District de Yamoussoukro (Côte d'Ivoire)

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (30) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Saraka Allou Isidore ◽  
Abo Kouabenan ◽  
Coulibaly Kiyinlma ◽  
Zirihi Guédé Noël
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Cote D’Ivoire ◽  
Côte D'ivoire ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Fusarium Sp

An ethnobotanical survey was carried out in the District of Yamoussoukro (Central Côte d’Ivoire) in order to evaluate the biocontrol potential against fungal plant pathogens, of Euphorbiaceous plants used as medicines by the native population. Twelve (12) species were collected. The antifungal activity was assessed using the two-fold dilution method on PDA medium with ethanolic and aqueous extract derived from leaves of six plants. Results pointed out that only 70% ethanolic extracts from Alchornea cordifolia (EE13) possess fungicidal properties on both Fusarium sp. and Phytophthora sp. The antifungal activities are more effective with ethanolic extracts than aqueous extracts. With a minimal inhibitory concentration MIC = 25±0.0 mg/ml, a minimal concentration for 50% of inhibition IC50 = 10±0.05 mg/ml and a minimal fungicide concentration MFC = 200±0.0 mg/ml Fusarium sp. appears to be the most sensitive. Phytophthora sp. is less sensitive with a MIC = 50±0.0 mg/ml, an IC50 = 12±0.05 mg/ml and a MFC = 200±0.0 mg/ml. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of seven major groups of compounds among which saponins and catechin are the most abundant in aqueous extracts. Polyphenols, flavonoids, polyterpenes and sterols as well as tannins are present in both alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Alchornea cordifolia. These compounds could justify its antifungal activity and traditional use.

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