Role of gastrointestinal motility/gastric emptying in cisplatin-induced vomiting in pigeon

A large number of studies have been conducted to explore the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) for the treatment of gastrointestinal motility. While several lines of evidence addressed the basic mechanism of EA on gastrointestinal motility regarding effects of limb and abdomen points, the mechanism for effects of the back points on gastric motility still remains unclear. Here we report that the NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist kynurenic acid inhibited the gastric emptying increase induced by high-intensity EA at BL21 and agonist NMDA enhanced the effect of the same treatment. EA at BL21 enhanced NMDAR, but not AMPA receptor (AMPAR) component of miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) in gastric-projecting neurons of the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV). In sum, our data demonstrate an important role of NMDAR-mediated synaptic transmission of gastric-projecting DMV neurons in mediating EA at BL21-induced enhancement of gastric emptying.

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Gastric Sensory and Motor Functions and Energy Intake in Health and Obesity—Therapeutic Implications

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13041158 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 1158

Author(s):

Lizeth Cifuentes ◽

Michael Camilleri ◽

Andres Acosta

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Gastric Emptying ◽

Food Intake ◽

Gastric Volume ◽

Obesity Management ◽

Bariatric Endoscopy ◽

Motor Functions ◽

Therapeutic Implications ◽

Intestinal Functions

Sensory and motor functions of the stomach, including gastric emptying and accommodation, have significant effects on energy consumption and appetite. Obesity is characterized by energy imbalance; altered gastric functions, such as rapid gastric emptying and large fasting gastric volume in obesity, may result in increased food intake prior to reaching usual fullness and increased appetite. Thus, many different interventions for obesity, including different diets, anti-obesity medications, bariatric endoscopy, and surgery, alter gastric functions and gastrointestinal motility. In this review, we focus on the role of the gastric and intestinal functions in food intake, pathophysiology of obesity, and obesity management.

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Mechanistic role of antioxidants in rescuing delayed gastric emptying in high fat diet induced diabetic female mice

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy ◽

10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111370 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 137 ◽

pp. 111370

Author(s):

Chethan Sampath ◽

Derek Wilus ◽

Mohammad Tabatabai ◽

Michael L. Freeman ◽

Pandu R. Gangula

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽

High Fat ◽

Female Mice

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Reflux aspiration associated with oesophageal dysmotility but not delayed liquid gastric emptying

Digestive Diseases ◽

10.1159/000514108 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Oleksandr Khoma ◽

Maite Jeanne Mendu ◽

Amita Nandini Sen ◽

Hans Van der Wall ◽

Gregory Leighton Falk

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Reflux Disease ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Treatment Resistant ◽

Oesophageal Motility ◽

Oesophageal Manometry ◽

Oesophageal Dysmotility ◽

The Relationship ◽

Clinical Subtype

Abstract Introduction Severe oesophageal dysmotility is associated with treatment resistant reflux and pulmonary reflux aspiration. Delayed solid gastric emptying (SGE) has been associated with oesophageal dysmotility, however the role of delayed liquid gastric emptying (LGE) in the pathophysiology of severe reflux disease remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between delayed LGE, reflux aspiration and oesophageal dysmotility. Methods Data was extracted from a prospectively populated database of patients with severe treatment resistant gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). All patients with validated reflux aspiration scintigraphy (RASP) and oesophageal manometry were included in the analysis. Patients were classified by predominant clinical subtype as gastro-oesophageal (GOR) or laryngo-pharyngeal (LPR) reflux. LGE time of 22 minutes or longer was considered delayed. Results Inclusion criteria were met by 631 patients. Normal LGE time was found in 450 patients, whilst 181 had evidence of delayed LGE. Mean liquid half-clearance was 22.81min. Refux aspiration was evident in 240 patients (38%). Difference in the aspiration rates between delayed LGE (42%) and normal LGE (36%) was not significant (p=0.16). Severe ineffective oesophageal motility (IOM) was found in 70 patients (35%) and was independent of LGE time. Severe IOM was strongly associated with reflux aspiration (p<0.001). GOR dominant symptoms were more common in patients with delayed LGE (p=0.03). Conclusion Severe IOM was strongly associated with reflux aspiration. Delayed LGE is not associated with reflux aspiration or severe IOM. Delayed LGE is more prevalent in patients presenting with GOR dominant symptoms.

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Role of gastric emptying rate in duodeno-gastro-esophageal reflux (DGER) in man

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(00)80879-3 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 118 (4) ◽

pp. A1258

Author(s):

Gerardus H. Koek ◽

Anthon Lerut ◽

Daniel Sifrim ◽

Jozef Janssens ◽

Jan F. Tack

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Esophageal Reflux ◽

Gastric Emptying Rate

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18 P Role of delayed gastric emptying in the pathogenesis of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease

Digestive and Liver Disease ◽

10.1016/s1590-8658(02)90019-8 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 34 ◽

pp. A5

Author(s):

S. Carmagnola ◽

M. Fraquelli ◽

P. Cantu ◽

D. Conte ◽

R. Penagini

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Reflux Disease ◽

Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽

Oesophageal Reflux ◽

Oesophageal Reflux Disease

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LPS inhibits fasted plasma ghrelin levels in rats: role of IL-1 and PGs and functional implications

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00533.2005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 291 (4) ◽

pp. G611-G620 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Lixin Wang ◽

Nicole R. Basa ◽

Almaas Shaikh ◽

Andrew Luckey ◽

David Heber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Gastric Emptying ◽

Food Intake ◽

Intravenous Injection ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Inhibitory Action ◽

Functional Implications ◽

Urocortin 1 ◽

Fasted Rats

LPS injected intraperitoneally decreases fasted plasma levels of ghrelin at 3 h postinjection in rats. We characterized the inhibitory action of LPS on plasma ghrelin and whether exogenous ghrelin restores LPS-induced suppression of food intake and gastric emptying in fasted rats. Plasma ghrelin and insulin and blood glucose were measured after intraperitoneal injection of LPS, intravenous injection of IL-1β and urocortin 1, and in response to LPS under conditions of blockade of IL-1 or CRF receptors by subcutaneous injection of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) or astressin B, respectively, and prostaglandin (PG) synthesis by intraperitoneal indomethacin. Food intake and gastric emptying were measured after intravenous injection of ghrelin at 5 h postintraperitoneal LPS injection. LPS inhibited the elevated fasted plasma ghrelin levels by 47.6 ± 4.9%, 58.9 ± 3.3%, 74.4 ± 2.7%, and 48.9 ± 8.7% at 2, 3, 5, and 7 h postinjection, respectively, and values returned to preinjection levels at 24 h. Insulin levels were negatively correlated to those of ghrelin, whereas there was no significant correlation between glucose and ghrelin. IL-1Ra and indomethacin prevented the first 3-h decline in ghrelin levels induced by LPS, whereas astressin B did not. IL-1β inhibited plasma ghrelin levels, whereas urocortin 1 had no influence. Ghrelin injected intravenously prevented an LPS-induced 87% reduction of gastric emptying and 61% reduction of food intake. These data showed that IL-1 and PG pathways are part of the early mechanisms by which LPS suppresses fasted plasma ghrelin and that exogenous ghrelin can normalize LPS-induced-altered digestive functions.

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Intraluminal lipids modulate avian gastrointestinal motility

AJP Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpregu.1995.269.2.r445 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 269 (2) ◽

pp. R445-R452 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

V. Martinez ◽

M. Jimenez ◽

E. Gonalons ◽

P. Vergara

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Gastric Emptying ◽

Electrical Activity ◽

Transit Time ◽

Gastrointestinal Motility ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Intestinal Transit Time ◽

Speed Of Propagation ◽

Spike Bursts

Infusion of lipids into the ileum delays gastric emptying and intestinal transit time in some species. The aim of this study was to characterize the actions of intraluminal lipid infusion on gastrointestinal electrical activity in chickens. Animals were prepared for electromyography with chronic electrodes in stomach, duodenum, and small intestine. Two catheters were chronically placed in the esophagus and ileum to infuse equimolar doses of either oleic acid (OA) or triolein (TO). Both OA and TO, esophageally infused, inhibited the frequency of the gastroduodenal cycle and increased the frequency of antiperistaltic spike bursts in the duodenum. Ileal infusion of OA, but not of TO, produced the same effects. Both esophageal and ileal OA infusion increased the duration of the migrating myoelectric complex (MMC) and decreased the speed of propagation of phase III. In conclusion, intraluminal infusion of lipids modulates gastrointestinal motility by decreasing the frequency of the gastric cycle, increasing duodenogastric refluxes, and elongating the MMC. These actions could delay gastric emptying and increase transit time, which suggests the presence of an "ileal brake" mechanism similar to that described in mammals.

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Beaumont's Contribution to Gastric Psychophysiology: A Reappraisal

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/070674378803300715 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 33 (7) ◽

pp. 650-653 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

François M. Mai

Keyword(s):

Gastric Emptying ◽

Delayed Gastric Emptying ◽

Bile Reflux ◽

Emotional Arousal ◽

Gastric Fistula ◽

Physiological Changes ◽

Digestive Process ◽

Psychophysiological Research ◽

Series Of Experiments

William Beaumont's monograph on the physiology of digestion which was first published in 1833, has become a classic in its field. In a series of experiments over a 10 year period on Alexis St. Martin, a 19 year old Canadian voyageur with a traumatic gastric fistula, Beaumont was the first to describe many important aspects of the digestive process. In two of the 238 experiments Beaumont noted gastric physiological changes induced by emotional arousal, these being bile reflux and delayed gastric emptying. Elsewhere in the book, but not in experimental context, Beaumont referred to non-specific changes in coloration and secretion of the mucous membrane induced by emotion. Modern gastric psychophysiological research has shown that emotional arousal increases, and withdrawal decreases, gastric acid secretion. It has also been shown conclusively that emotion can cause a reflux of bile into the stomach and it may delay gastric emptying. Although the main thrust of Beaumont's work was physiological, he must be credited with being the first investigator to draw attention to the role of emotional arousal in the digestive process.

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