scholarly journals Toxicological evaluation of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam) Zepernick Timler root bark used as biopesticide and medicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-117
Author(s):  
Gbate Mohammed ◽  
Michael Ashamo Olufemi ◽  
Lawrence Kayode Akinwande
Keyword(s):  
Root Bark ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Zanthoxylum Zanthoxyloides

Anti-plasmodial Effects of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides

Planta Medica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (13) ◽  
pp. 1073-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Dean Goodman ◽  
An Thuy Hoang ◽  
Drissa Diallo ◽  
Karl Egil Malterud ◽  
Geoffrey I. McFadden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Zanthoxylum Zanthoxyloides ◽  
Parasitic Activity ◽  
Resistant Strains

Abstract Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, syn. Fagara zanthoxyloides, is a tree growing in West Africa and is used in traditional medicine against a variety of diseases, including malaria. In the work reported here, root bark and stem bark extracts of this tree, as well as compounds isolated from the extracts, have been investigated for activity in vitro against chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. In addition, toxicity against nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia salina has been studied. Dichloromethane extracts of the root bark and stem bark, and a methanol extract of the stem bark, showed anti-parasitic activity towards chloroquine-sensitive as well as chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum, with IC50 values between 1 and 10 µg/mL. Among the isolated compounds, bis-dihydrochelerythrinyl ether, buesgenine, chelerythrine, γ-fagarine, skimmianine, and pellitorine were the most active, with IC50 values of less than 5 µg/mL. The dichloromethane extracts were toxic to brine shrimp nauplii, with LC50 values of less than 1 µg/mL. Methanol extracts were much less toxic (LC50 between 50 and 100 µg/mL). Among the isolated substances, bis-dihydrochelethrinyl ether was the most toxic (LC50 ca. 2 µg/mL).

scholarly journals ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY AND TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE METHANOL-DICHLOROMETHANE ROOT BARK EXTRACT OF NAUCLEA DIDERRICHII (DE WILD) MERR

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theophine C. Akunne ◽  
Bonaventure C. Obi ◽  
Martha N. Ofokansi ◽  
Patience C. Nwonu ◽  
Charles O. Okoli
Keyword(s):  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Southeastern Nigeria ◽  
Toxicological Profile ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nauclea Diderrichii

Objective: In southeastern Nigeria, Nauclea diderrichii (De Wild) Merr is used in the treatment of a wide range of ailments including diabetes mellitus (DM). This study evaluates the antidiabetic activity and toxicological profile of the methanol-dichloromethane root bark extract of N. diderrichii in normoglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic models.Methods: Dried root barks of N. diderrichii were extracted using methanol and dichloromethane (1:1) to obtain N. diderrichii extract (NDE). The acute and sub-chronic toxicity tests were performed using standard procedures. The effect on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (HB) and total white blood cell (TWBC) count was determined in the rats after treatment. In order to elucidate its antidiabetic mode of action, an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed using glucose (2 g/kg) as substrate and alloxan (100 mg/kg; i. v.) induced diabetic model. Glibenclamide (GLI 0.2 mg/kg) was used as the reference standard drug.Results: The results indicated that the LD50 of the extract is>5000 mg/kg. ALT, AST, ALP PCV, HB and TWBC were insignificantly (p>0.05) different compared with the control. No significant changes were observed in the organ weights compared with the control. In the acute and prolonged antidiabetic study, NDE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) significantly reduced the blood glucose level (BGL) by 14.66, 18.9, 25.80% and 75.11, 80.24, 83.74% respectively. In comparison, GLI, when administered, reduced BGL by 38.18 and 92.86% respectively.Conclusion: N. diderrichii possesses antidiabetic activity with good toxicological profile.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Documentation of the Composition of Two Powdered Herbal Formulations (Antimalarial and Haematinic) Using Ethnomedicinal Information from Ogbomoso, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adepoju Tunde Joseph Ogunkunle ◽  
Tosin Mathew Oyelakin ◽  
Abosede Oluwaseyi Enitan ◽  
Funmilayo Elizabeth Oyewole
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis ◽  
Zanthoxylum Zanthoxyloides ◽  
Herbal Formulations

The safety of many African traditional herbal remedies is doubtful due to lack of standardization. This study therefore attempted to standardize two polyherbal formulations from Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria, with respect to the relative proportions (weight-for-weight) of their botanical constituents. Information supplied by 41 local herbal practitioners was statistically screened for consistency and then used to quantify the composition of antimalarial (Maloff-HB) and haematinic (Haematol-B) powdered herbal formulations with nine and ten herbs, respectively. Maloff-HB contained the stem bark ofEnantia chloranthaOliv. (30.0),Alstonia booneiDe Wild (20.0),Mangifera indicaL. (10.0),Okoubaka aubrevilleiPhelleg & Nomand (8.0),Pterocarpus osunCraib (4.0), root bark ofCalliandra haematocephalaHassk (10.0),Sarcocephalus latifolius(J. E. Smith) E. A. Bruce (8.0),Parquetina nigrescens(Afz.) Bullock (6.0), and the vines ofCassytha filiformisL. (4.0), while Haematol-B was composed of the leaf sheath ofSorghum bicolorMoench (30.0), fruit calyx ofHibiscus sabdariffaL. (20.0), stem bark ofTheobroma cacaoL. (10.0),Khaya senegalensis(Desr.) A. Juss (5.5),Mangifera indica(5.5), root ofAristolochia ringensVahl. (7.0), root bark ofSarcocephalus latifolius(5.5),Uvaria chamaeP. Beauv. (5.5),Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides(Lam.) Zepern & Timler (5.5), and seed ofGarcinia kolaHeckel (5.5). In pursuance of their general acceptability, the two herbal formulations are recommended for their pharmaceutical, phytochemical, and microbial qualities.

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides Root Bark Extracts

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Ynalvez ◽  
C. Cardenas ◽  
J.K. Addo ◽  
G.E. Adukpo ◽  
B.A. Dadson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Zanthoxylum Zanthoxyloides
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