Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia: A review

Mycoplasma infection of the respiratory tract of goats is prevalent worldwide including the South Asian sub-continent. Owing to intensive and large scale goat farming, the incidence of the disease is on an increase. Among various species of mycoplasma, Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies Capri pneumoniae is increasingly incriminated in Contagious Caprine Pleurapneumonia (CCPP) in goat populations with considerable economic fallout in the form of high morbidity and mortality. The disease manifestations in caprines are recorded as anorexia, high febrile reaction and respiratory embarrassment in the shape of clinical dyspnoea, polypnea, paroxysmal cough and sero-purulent nasal discharges. The disease is thus contracted by the healthy animals through aerosol, contaminated feed and water sources in the herd premises, without a protective immunity and that the conferred immunity in recovered cases being short-lived. The true lesions of CCPP are confined to the lung alveolar tissues of infected goats, which distinguish it from other respiratory diseases of small ruminants caused by the members of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster. Atypical pneumonia caused by the mycoplasma infection of goats, also known as Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) has been more often reported from Africa and Asia than Europe. Classical, acute CCPP attributed to Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capri pneumoniae, originally known asthe F38 biotype (World Organisation for Animal Health, 2008) causes heavy kid mortality. Two other organisms in this group, M. mycoides subsp. capri and M. mycoides subsp. mycoides large-colony type, can cause disease in small ruminants that clinico-pathologically mimics CCPP but may have extra pulmonary signs and lesions, sometimes. Mycoplasma Capri pneumoniae and other members of the M. mycoides cluster cross-react in serological tests and share biochemical and genetic similarities. The most favourable epidemiological scenario in the Sub-continent is the hot humid climate during monsoons. The diversity and multi-etiological subspecies involved in the disease is detrimental in the development of an effective vaccine even though in some places a liquid vaccine is presently in use. At other places, anti-mycoplasmal antibiotics of aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone and perhaps the macrolide groups remain to be the main option in preventing flock mortalities.

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Seroepidemiology and risk factor analysis of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia in Himalayan Pashmina Goats

Small Ruminant Research ◽

10.1016/j.smallrumres.2018.12.004 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 171 ◽

pp. 23-36 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Oveas Rafiq Parray ◽

Mohd. Iqbal Yatoo ◽

Muheet ◽

Riyaz Ahmed Bhat ◽

Hamid Ullah Malik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Risk Factor Analysis ◽

Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia

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Epidemiological study of contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in selected districts of Gambella Region, Western Ethiopia

African Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.5897/ajar2014.9264 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (24) ◽

pp. 2470-2479 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fasil Aklilu ◽

Yilkal Asfaw ◽

Maximillan Baumann ◽

Getnet Abie

Keyword(s):

Epidemiological Study ◽

Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia ◽

Western Ethiopia

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Sero-Prevalence of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia in Goats in Afgoye District Lower Shabelle Region, Somalia

Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research ◽

10.23880/oajvsr-16000203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Omar Mohamed Abdi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Latex Agglutination ◽

Economic Losses ◽

High Morbidity ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mycoplasma Capricolum ◽

Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia ◽

Epidemiological Risk ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Background: Contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), caused by Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. Capripneumoniae (Mccp), is one of the most important goat diseases causing high morbidity and mortality, these results in heavy economic losses to countries like Somalia, which is a country affected the civil war of the 1990s. Objective: Generally, the disease presence has been reported in the country. However, there is no quantitative data on the prevalence and distribution of the disease has been scientifically reported in the country. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to June 2020 in three villages of Afgoye district of Somalia to assess the seroprevalence and identify the associated risk factors for the occurrence of the CCPP. The risk factors considered included sex, age, and locations. Results: A total of 100 blood samples were collected and evaluated by Capri-Latex Agglutination Test (Capri-LAT). A total of 49/100 (49%, CI 95%: (38.86%-59.2%) goats were seropositive for anti-CCPP antibody. The epidemiological risk factors considered, sex, age and locations, were not significantly associated with the CCPP sero prevalence (p>0.05). However, the sero positivity was slightly higher in female (51%, 95% CI: 39.8-62.6), >3 years old goats (86.3%, 95% CI: 48.9-87.4) and Markazka village (56%, 95% CI: 41.3-70.0) compared to male (40%, 95% CI: 19.1-63.9), 1-3 years old (57.5%, 95% CI: 40.9- 73.0), and Shareeco (43.8%, 95% CI: 19.8-70.1) and Siinka (41.2%, 95% CI: 24.7-59.3) villages, respectively. Conclusion: The present study indicates the prevalence of CCPP in the studies areas and this requires practicable measures to be put in place towards the control of the disease.

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