scholarly journals Ketamine in the treatment of cocaine use disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e22-44077
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Cascelli Schelb Scalla Pereira ◽  
Emanuelle Emília Ferreira Parreiras ◽  
Davi Cascelli Schelb Scalla Pereira ◽  
João Eduardo Schelb Scalla Pere Cascelli ◽  
Thaila Vidal de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Single Administration ◽  
Global Severity Index ◽  
Stimulant Use ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Motivation For Change

Introduction: ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic and, recently, its antidepressant properties has been described. Besides, its safety has been proven in the treatment of Stimulant Use Disorders. Objective: to evaluate the use of ketamine in the treatment of Stimulant Use Disorders (specially cocaine and its byproducts). Methods: patient's motivation for change was measured by URICA scale and psychiatric symptoms by EAS-40 score, both before and after the intervention. Results: it was verified, after the comparison between the Readiness Score means, an increase in the motivation for change after ketamine’s single administration, when compared to the moments before and after the intervention. Analyzing the Global Severity Index before and after ketamine administration, by EAS-40 score, we noticed a slight reduction of the psychiatric symptoms before and after the intervention. Conclusion: it was proven that ketamine's single administration led to a quick and lasting improvement on the user's motivation without worsening the mental health status.

scholarly journals Undergraduate students’ norms for the Chinese version of the symptom check-List-90-R (SCL-90-R)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulan Yu ◽  
Chonghua Wan ◽  
Xudong Zhao ◽  
E. Scott Huebner ◽  
Jianfeng Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Chinese Version ◽  
Check List ◽  
Global Severity Index ◽  
Paranoid Ideation ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Symptom Check List ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Despite widespread application of the Symptom Check-List-90-R (SCL-90-R) for Chinese undergraduate students, there are no appropriate norms for them. The aim of this study is to provide norms for the Chinese version of the tool for undergraduate students using a large and representative sample. Methods Four thousand eight hundred sixty students completed the scale of SCL-90. The mean scores obtained in the present study were compared with mean scores from previous normative samples. Results The mean scores for nine subscales of the SCL-90-R ranged from (1.36 ± 0.46) ~ (1.77 ± 0.63) and the mean (standard deviation) Global Severity Index (GSI) was 1.50 (0.49). Relative to previous normative studies, the findings suggested that Chinese undergraduate students’ self-reported mental health symptoms decreased in interpersonal sensitivity, depression, hostility, and paranoid ideation subscales. Conclusion It is necessary to revise the norms of the Chinese version of the SCL-90-R for undergraduate students.

scholarly journals Mental health burden of patients with diabetes before and after the initial outbreak of COVID-19: predictors of mental health impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Moradian ◽  
Martin Teufel ◽  
Lisa Jahre ◽  
Venja Musche ◽  
Madeleine Fink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Health Impairment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Mental Health Impairment ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting people’s mental health worldwide. Patients with diabetes are at risk for a severe course of illness when infected with SARS-CoV-2. The present study aims to retrospectively examine mental health changes in patients with diabetes in Germany before and after the initial COVID-19 outbreak, and to furthermore explore potential predictors of such changes. Methods Over the course of eight weeks from April to June 2020, 253 individuals diagnosed with diabetes participated in an online cross-sectional study. Participants completed an anonymous survey including demographics, depression (PHQ-2) and generalized anxiety symptoms (GAD-2), distress (DT), and health status (EQ-5D-3L). In addition, all instruments used were modified to retrospectively ask participants to recall their mental health and health status before the outbreak had started. Additionally examined factors were COVID-19-related fear, trust in governmental actions to face the pandemic, and the subjective level of information about COVID-19. Results This study shows a significant increase in prevalence of depression symptoms, generalized anxiety symptoms and distress, as well as significantly decreased health statuses in diabetes patients after the initial COVID-19 outbreak. Increased depression symptoms, generalized anxiety symptoms and distress were predicted by COVID-19-related fear, whereas trust in governmental actions to face COVID-19 predicted higher depression symptoms. Conclusions The results indicate a negative impact of the initial COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and health status in patients with diabetes. In order to improve the efficacy of psychological support strategies for diabetes patients during the pandemic, possible predictors of mental health impairment such as the aforementioned should be examined more thoroughly and addressed more openly.

scholarly journals Long-term mental health of Vietnamese refugees in the aftermath of trauma

2010 ◽  
Vol 196 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aina Basilier Vaage ◽  
Per Hove Thomsen ◽  
Derrick Silove ◽  
Tore Wentzel-Larsen ◽  
Thong Van Ta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Global Severity Index ◽  
Original Cohort ◽  
Vietnamese Refugees ◽  
Norwegian Population

BackgroundThere is no long-term prospective study (> 20 years) of the mental health of any refugee group.AimsTo investigate the long-term course and predictors of psychological distress among Vietnamese refugees in Norway.MethodEighty Vietnamese refugees, 57% of the original cohort previously interviewed in 1982 (T1) and 1985 (T2), completed a self-report questionnaire prior to a semi-structured interview. Mental health was measured using the Symptom Checklist–90–Revised (SCL–90–R).ResultsThe SCL–90–R mean Global Severity Index (GSI) decreased significantly fromT1toT3(2005–6), but there was no significant change in the percentage reaching threshold scores (GSI =1.00). Trauma-related mental disorder on arrival and the trajectory of symptoms over the first 3 years of resettlement predicted mental health after 23 years.ConclusionsAlthough the self-reported psychological distress decreased significantly over time, a substantial higher proportion of the refugee group still remained reaching threshold scores after 23 years of resettlement compared with the Norwegian population. The data suggest that refugees reaching threshold scores on measures such as the SCL–90–R soon after arrival warrant comprehensive clinical assessment.

Therapists’ professional and personal characteristics as predictors of outcome in long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Heinonen ◽  
P. Knekt ◽  
T. Jääskeläinen ◽  
O. Lindfors
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Therapist Characteristics ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Global Severity Index ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractBackground:Whether long-term psychodynamic therapy (LPP) and psychoanalysis (PA) differ from each other and require different therapist qualities has been debated extensively, but rarely investigated empirically.Methods:In a quasi-experimental design, LPP was provided for 128 and PA for 41 outpatients, aged 20–46 years and suffering from mood or anxiety disorder, with a 5-year follow-up from start of treatment. Therapies were provided by 58 experienced therapists. Therapist characteristics, measured pre-treatment, were assessed with the Development of Psychotherapists Common Core Questionnaire (DPCCQ). General psychiatric symptoms were assessed as the main outcome measure at baseline and yearly after start of treatment with the Symptom Check List, Global Severity Index (SCL-90-GSI).Results:Professionally less affirming and personally more forceful and less aloof therapists predicted less symptoms in PA than in LPP at the end of the follow-up. A faster symptom reduction in LPP was predicted by a more moderate relational style and work experiences of both skillfulness and difficulties, indicating differences between PA and LPP in the therapy process.Conclusions:Results challenge the benefit of a classically “neutral” psychoanalyst in PA. They also indicate closer examinations of therapy processes within and between the two treatments, which may benefit training and supervision of therapists.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Pandemic and Mental Health Status of Saudi Citizens Living Abroad

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7857
Author(s):  
Marwah Ahmed Behisi ◽  
Hussain M. Altaweel ◽  
Reham F. Gassas ◽  
Mansour Aldehaiman ◽  
Abdulmajeed A. Alkhamees
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Global Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Health Crisis

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis associated with unprecedented levels of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has been suggested to contribute to a great burden on global mental health. We assumed that individuals in quarantine outside their home country would be more vulnerable to developing mental health disorders during the current pandemic and might face difficulties in accessing mental health services. Aim: To explore the degree of association between the COVID-19 pandemic and mental health status of Saudi citizens living abroad. Objectives: (1) To measure the prevalence and risk factors of mental health problems among Saudi citizens studying and living abroad during the COVID-19 pandemic; (2) to assess the correlation between the COVID-19 pandemic and mental health status of Saudi citizens living abroad; and (3) to explore the level of anxiety/depression during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from August 2020 to September 2020 using a self-administrated questionnaire composed of sociodemographic, (GAD-7) and (PHQ-9) scales. Results: A total of 64% of participants experienced psychiatric symptoms during the pandemic, and 34% and 30% met the diagnostic criteria for symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. The risk of psychological symptoms was more likely experienced by females, young, single, or divorced, or those who were living alone. In addition, those who lived in the UK and Ireland were more likely to develop depressive and anxiety symptoms. More than 80% appreciated the response of the Saudi government and embassy to meet the MH needs of students undergoing quarantine abroad and in Saudi Arabia. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic represents an unprecedented threat to global mental health. Two-thirds of study participants who were in foreign countries during the COVID-19 pandemic reported anxiety or depressive symptoms. Living away from family and friends was significantly associated with increased loneliness and psychological distress. These and other findings highlight the need to remove barriers preventing easily accessible online mental health services, social and family support, and timely provision of resources.

scholarly journals Argentinian mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A screening study of the general population during two periods of quarantine

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martín Juan Etchevers ◽  
Cristian Javier Garay ◽  
Natalia Inés Putrino ◽  
Natalia Helmich ◽  
Gabriela Lunansky
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Graphical Model ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Global Severity Index ◽  
Period 2

Background Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Argentina has been under mandatory quarantine. We have aimed to investigate the state of mental health of the Argentine population and the behaviours adopted to cope with mental distress during quarantine. Method An online survey was conducted using a probabilistic sampling technique and stratified according to the geographic regions of the country. The survey covered days 7-11 (n = 2,631) and days 50-55 (n = 2,068) after compulsory quarantine. The psychological impact was measured using the 27-item Symptom CheckList (SCL-27), which provides a Global Severity Index (GSI). An ad hoc questionnaire registered problematic, healthy and other behaviours. Two network models were estimated using a Mixed Graphical Model. Data from the two periods were compared and analysed. Outcomes Higher GSI scores and greater risk of experiencing mental disorder were found in Period 2 as compared with Period 1. The lowest GSI scores were associated with physical activity in both periods, and meditation and yoga in Period 1. Drug users reported the highest GSI scores in both periods. The Network Comparison Test confirmed a significant change in symptomatology structure over the two quarantine periods. Conclusion This study showed that psychological symptoms and the risk of experiencing mental disorder increased significantly from Period 1 to Period 2. Network analysis suggested that the quarantine might have brought about changes in the relationships between symptoms. Overall results revealed the relevance of mental health and the need to take mental health actions upon imposing quarantine during the current COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals The social support, mental health, psychiatric symptoms, and functioning of persons with schizophrenia participating in peer co-delivered vocational rehabilitation: a pilot study in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kan-Yuan Cheng ◽  
Chia-Feng Yen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Pilot Program ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Persons With Schizophrenia

Abstract Background A consensual understanding of the effect of vocational peer support (VPS) on the functioning of persons with schizophrenia still eludes researchers. There are also few VPS services found in non-Western countries. Hence, a pilot program of peer co-delivered vocational rehabilitation to support persons with schizophrenia in Taiwan was proposed and evaluated. Methods Six peers were trained and were willing to co-lead and assist workplace problem-solving and care skills training in an extended vocational rehabilitation program. A total of 46 persons with schizophrenia participated in such services from August 2017 to December 2018. The social support, mental health, psychiatric symptoms, and functioning of service users were assessed before and after peer co-delivered services, based on the following: Social Support Scale (SSS), Chinese Health Questionnaire-12 (CHQ-12), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Global Assessment of Function (GAF), and the Chinese version of the Social Functioning Scale (C-SFS). Results Most service users were middle-aged (49.1 ± 9.8), with 27 being male (58.7%). Forty-two service users who completed the program scored as follows before and after the intervention: 149.1 ± 31.8 vs. 161.2 ± 35.0, df = 41, t = 2.70, p = 0.01 (total SSS), and 44.4 ± 12.0 vs. 53.2 ± 13.2, df = 41, t = 4.72, p < 0.001 (subscale of friend-peer dimension); 69.8 ± 9.8 vs. 72.6 ± 8.8, df = 41, t = 3.50, p = 0.001 (GAF); 75.2 ± 8.8 vs. 78.1 ± 9.5, df = 41, t = 2.59, p = 0.01 (C-SFS); and 37.5 ± 35.5 vs. 43.6 ± 38.0, df = 41, t = 2.57, p = 0.01 (weekly wage). The BPRS-18 score decreased significantly after the intervention (31.2 ± 6.7 vs. 29.3 ± 5.0, df = 41, t = -2.83, p = 0.007). Conclusions Peer co-delivered vocational rehabilitation services can enhance the social support received by persons with schizophrenia and improve their occupational function (as evidenced in the wage increase). The pilot program proposed can thus be a model for non-Western countries with limited resources allocated from the government to support persons with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Mental Health Burden of Patients With Diabetes Before And After The Outbreak of COVID-19: Predictors of Mental Health Impairment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Moradian ◽  
Martin Teufel ◽  
Lisa Jahre ◽  
Venja Musche ◽  
Madeleine Fink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Generalized Anxiety ◽  
Health Impairment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Mental Health Impairment ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting people’s mental health worldwide. Patients with diabetes are at risk for a severe course when infected with SARS-CoV-2. The present study aims to retrospectively examine mental health changes in patients with diabetes in Germany before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, and to furthermore explore potential predictors of such changes.Methods: Over the course of eight weeks in early summer 2020, 253 individuals diagnosed with diabetes participated in an online cross-sectional study. Participants completed an anonymous survey including demographics, depression (PHQ-2) and generalized anxiety symptoms (GAD-2), distress (DT), and health status (EQ-5D-3L). In addition, all instruments used were adjusted to measure participants’ mental health and health status before the COVID-19 outbreak. Additionally examined factors were COVID-19-related fear, trust in governmental actions to face the pandemic, and the subjective level of information about COVID-19.Results: This study shows a significant increase in prevalence of depression symptoms, generalized anxiety symptoms and distress, as well as significantly decreased health statuses in diabetes patients after the COVID-19 outbreak. Increased depression symptoms, generalized anxiety symptoms and distress were predicted by COVID-19-related fear, whereas trust in governmental actions to face COVID-19 predicted higher depression symptoms.Conclusions: The results indicate a negative impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on mental health and health status in patients with diabetes. In order to improve the efficacy of psychological support strategies for diabetes patients during the pandemic, possible predictors of mental health impairment such as the aforementioned should be examined more thoroughly and addressed more openly.

scholarly journals Mental Health Burden of German Cancer Patients before and after the Outbreak of COVID-19: Predictors of Mental Health Impairment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2318
Author(s):  
Alexander Bäuerle ◽  
Venja Musche ◽  
Kira Schmidt ◽  
Adam Schweda ◽  
Madeleine Fink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Health Impairment ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mental Health Impairment ◽  
The Individual

The aim of this study was to analyze individual changes in cancer patients’ mental health before and after the COVID-19 outbreak, and to explore predictors of mental health impairment. Over a two-week period (16–30 March 2020), 150 cancer patients in Germany participated in this study. Validated instruments assessed demographic and medical data, depression and anxiety symptoms (PHQ-2, GAD-2), distress (DT), and health status (EQ-5D-3L). All instruments were adapted to measure the individual mental health before the COVID-19 outbreak. COVID-19-related fear, trust in governmental actions to face COVID-19, and the subjective level of information regarding COVID-19 were measured. Cancer patients showed a significant increase in depression and anxiety symptoms and distress, while health status deteriorated since the COVID-19 outbreak. Increased depression and generalized anxiety symptoms were predicted by COVID-19-related fear. Trust in governmental actions to face COVID-19 and COVID-19-related fear predicted increases in distress. Higher subjective levels of information predicted less increasing anxiety symptoms and distress. Present data suggests that cancer patients experienced a significant increase in mental health burden since the COVID-19 outbreak. Observed predictors of mental health impairment and protective factors should be addressed, and appropriate interventions established, to maintain mental health of cancer patients during the pandemic.

scholarly journals Effect of General Medical Degree Curricular Change on Mental Health of Medical Students: A Concurrent Controlled Educational Trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Sohrabi ◽  
Narges Malih ◽  
Hamid Reza Karimi3 ◽  
Zahra Hajihashemi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Mental Health Status ◽  
Curricular Change ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Global Severity Index ◽  
Medical Degree

Objective: General medical degree (GMD) curriculum usually causes significant psychological distress for medical students, especially in transition periods between preclinical, clerkship, and internship periods. This study was conducted to assess the effect of curricular change in GMD program on mental health of medical students in internship period. Method: This study evaluated mental health of 2 concurrent groups of medical students under reformed and non-reformed GMD curriculum. In this study, 120 out of 180 interns in the non-reform GMD program and 60 interns in the reformed GMD program were selected and their mental health status evaluated using Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) questionnaire. The cut-off point of 0.7 was used for Global Severity Index (GSI) score. SPSS software, version 14 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Il, USA) was used for analysis. Chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, t student, Mann–Whitney U, one-way ANOVA, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used when appropriate. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios for various determinants of students’ mental health. Results: About half of the participants in the 2 groups were male (P = 0.63), and the mean age of the students in the reformed and non-reformed programs was 24.8 (1.97) and 24.7(1.80), respectively (P = 0.9). About 20% of participants in the non-reformed and less than 2% of those in the reformed program had GSI score of more than 0.7. Medical students in the reformed program had lower scores in total GSI and 9 its dimensions (P<0.001). The results obtained from the logistic regression analysis indicated that reformed curriculum and good economic status were significant independent variables contributing to decreased psychological distress (OR = 0.016 and 0.11, respectively). Conclusion: The results revealed that curricular changes which were based on World Federation of Medical Education recommendation, could be associated with improvement in mental health status of medical students.

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