Pricing biologics: Issues, strategic priorities and a conceptual model

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay K Rao
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Price Distribution ◽  
Pricing Decision ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Finite Time Horizon ◽  
Key Aspects

The advent of complex and often expensive biologics raises critical commercial challenges – the most important of which pertains to developing a viable pricing, distribution and reimbursement model that is intrinsically geared to the special characteristics of biologic products and the expectations of a diverse customer population. Idiosyncratic differences in health-care systems, their philosophical motivations and preferred methods of controlling access to expensive biologic treatments pose additional challenges. This article discusses key issues about pricing biologics from the primary viewpoint of biologic manufacturers and marketers, focusing on the inseparable relationship between price, distribution, access and reimbursement. Specific priorities are explicated for streamlining biologic pricing and access strategies to meet upcoming challenges. A conceptual model for developing viable biologic pricing strategy is presented. Insights from the author's work implementing key aspects of the model in the real world are discussed. The article concludes by presenting an overview of a pricing decision support system that has proven invaluable in formulating and managing biologic pricing strategies over a finite time horizon.

scholarly journals Six things you need to know about low back pain

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
G. David Baxter ◽  
Cathy Chapple ◽  
Richard Ellis ◽  
Julia Hill ◽  
Lizhou Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Biopsychosocial Model ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Years Lived With Disability

Abstract Low back pain (LBP) is the leading contributor to years lived with disability, and imposes an enormous burden on individuals and on health-care systems. General practitioners and physiotherapists are generally the front-line health professionals dealing with patients with LBP, and have a key role in minimising its effect. Here we review six key issues associated with LBP including its effects, diagnosis and management in primary care, and highlight the importance of the biopsychosocial model and matched care for patients with LBP.

scholarly journals Nurses’ Perception of Factors Contributing to Medication Administration Errors

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Gehan Abd Elfattah Elasrag ◽  
Hana Mohammad Abu-Snieneh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Medication Administration ◽  
Physician Communication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medication Administration Errors ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Key Aspects

Safety and quality care of patients are key aspects and the mean goals of effective health care systems. The reality that medical treatment can harm patients is one that has had to be addressed by the healthcare community in recent years. This study aimed to explore nurses' perception of factors contributing to medication administration errors and reasons for which medication administration errors are not reporting. Descriptive exploratory cross-sectional design carried out to achieve the study aim. The study was conducted in two regional hospitals in Egypt. They had a total bed capacity of 512 beds distributed over three units (emergency, intensive care, and surgical units). A convenient sample of 146 nurses distributed in the morning and afternoon shifts in the units mentioned above was recruited in this study. Medication Administration Errors (MAEs) Reporting Scale used to collect data regarding the nurses' perception of factors contributing to the MAEs. The participants were ranked the most important factor for MAEs occur system reasons (24.73±1.46), followed by nurses staffing as the second reason of MAEs (24.11± 2.25). Third, fourth, and fifth-ranked reasons were physician communication (13.37± 2.7), medication packaging (12.84±1.87), transcription-related (8±0.1), respectively. Finally, pharmacy processes (6.9±2.93) viewed as the least factor for the frequency of MAE. The findings of the present study concluded seven perceived reasons for MAE, namely system reason, nurses' staffing, physician communication, medication packaging, transcription, and pharmacy process. The study recommended the development of active quality assurance systems in all health care environments concerning medications and drug administration.

scholarly journals Key aspects related to implementation of risk stratification in health care systems-the ASSEHS study

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Mora ◽  
◽  
Miren David Iturralde ◽  
Lucía Prieto ◽  
Cristina Domingo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Key Aspects

Florence Nightingale

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
Florence Nightingale ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Passionate Commitment ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Key Aspects

Nightingale’s passionate commitment to statistics was based on her faith in a god of order, who created a world that ran by law. God’s laws could be known through research, as a result of which suitable interventions to better the world could be applied. Statistics were a vital component in her holistic approach to health care as a system. They served both to indicate serious problems and to assist in policy making, and then again to monitor the effects of the new policies. She pioneered the use of evaluative statistics and saw reforms achieved as a result of her advocacy. This article explores three key aspects selected from Nightingale’s more than 40 years of applied statistical work: her adaptation of Quetelet’s methodological foundations, the use of statistics in monitoring public health care systems, and her pioneering study of maternal mortality in childbirth.

The effect on pricing strategies in the process of strategic decision making in view of cost of produced goods

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1705-1727
Author(s):  
Syed Mohammad Faisal ◽  
Ahmad Khalid Khan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fair Value ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Pricing Strategies ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Pricing Decision ◽  
The Cost

This research examined the effect of the cost of produced goods on pricing strategies in the process of strategic decision. Also examined in this research is the extended effect of pricing strategies on consumers purchase decision making. The research aimed to answer questions on the extent to which cost of produced goods affects pricing strategies of products, how decision makers realize the value-based pricing strategy of corporations and the extent to which pricing policy help consumers to make purchase decisions. This research being historical and descriptive depended basically on secondary sources of information. The research used a historical and descriptive method and depended basically and simply on secondary devices as sources of data. Results from the data acquired reference that customers have an understanding of fair value reflected in prices of the firm's products. The researcher will use both analytical and descriptive methods which appropriate the context of the current research which is generally based on the theoretical underpinnings and fieldwork. The outcomes indicate that the cost of produced products used in organizations provides quality information; there is an effect of this information on the pricing decision-making; there are parts in which pricing strategy much relied on the information provided by the cost systems.

Organizational Bridges from Research to Practice: Cases in Medical Practice

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 530-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barrett S. Caldwell ◽  
John Gosbee ◽  
Harold S. Kaplan ◽  
Bruce R. Thomadsen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Human Performance ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Key Aspects

Human performance and human error in medicine have emerged as critical health care issues affecting the entire practice of medical treatment and health care delivery. Human factors professionals, particularly members of the HFES, can make major contributions to health care systems, but there is a lack of transition between problem domains. Since the human factors profession has been built on the study and improvement of high-risk systems, the current state of medical practice is clearly an opportune environment in which to operate. This panel will address several practical “ironies” of the current challenges to build improved bridges between key aspects of HFES expertise and the needs of the medical community.

scholarly journals An important new health policy voice

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Saltman
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
International Health ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
International Health Policy

AbstractIn the 10 years since its founding, the Israel Journal of Health Policy Research has established itself as an important voice in Israeli and international health policy. The Journal’s ability to combine national and international perspectives on key issues in health services delivery and health systems analysis has developed a valuable new arena for academic research about the increasingly complex post-COVID future of health care systems.

Primary Care

2011 ◽  
pp. 462-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Scott ◽  
Stephen Jan
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Primary Care Workforce ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Improve Access ◽  
Improve Health

The aim of this article is to review the evidence on the role of primary care in health care systems. It focuses on the key issues and evidence from both developed and developing countries and from an economics perspective. It defines the main features of primary care and how these are evolving across countries. It provides an overview of the evidence on whether an expansion or strengthening of primary care improve health outcomes, reduce costs, and improve access. This article also addresses issues around the financing of primary care and the remuneration of primary care workers. It examines the most cost-effective ways to ensure the adequate supply of the primary care workforce in the context of the labor market for primary care workers and global health workforce shortages.

scholarly journals Analgesia and Sedation in Critically Ill Adult Patients Admitted to a COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (01) ◽  
pp. 029-032
Author(s):  
Raja Jayaram
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Intravenous Sedation ◽  
Vast Number ◽  
Services Delivery ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Key Aspects

AbstractThe severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), causing the COVID-19 has spread globally, prompting world health organization (WHO) to declare COVID-19 a pandemic. As of January 2, 2021, about 82,579,768 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases had been reported to the WHO with 1,818,849 deaths (https://covid19.who.int). The pandemic has severely impacted health care systems around the world, resulting in a vast number of surgical procedures being cancelled or postponed and an unprecedented burden on intensive care units (ICU). A critical component of the perioperative or ICU services delivery is the provision of analgesia and sedation. Volatile inhalational anesthetics combined with opioids are widely used in an operating room, whereas in ICUs, intravenous drugs are used for this purpose. Although target-controlled infusions are not routinely used in ICUs, in the context of the thematic series on total intravenous anesthesia during COVID-19 pandemic, this article will focus on key aspects of intravenous sedation and analgesia in the management of critically ill patients admitted to an ICU following positive swab test for SARS-CoV-2 RNA.

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