scholarly journals Bioentrepreneurship in Japan: Institutional transformation and the growth of bioventures

10.5912/jcb98 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J Lynskey
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
University Research ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Industry Collaboration ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Venture Firms

Until recently, Japan had relatively few biotechnology start-up firms and they did not play a significant role in the commercialisation of university research results. This was surprising given the pivotal role ascribed to such firms elsewhere in the commercialisation of biotechnology. However, the system of university–industry collaboration, the management of intellectual property and the role of universities are undergoing significant transformation in Japan. These changes, and others in the financial and labour markets, are proving conducive to entrepreneurship. Consequently, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of biotechnology venture firms hoping to commercialise research results from universities.This paper gives an overview of these institutional transformations in the light of recent deregulation and legislative changes, and describes why 'bioventures' are a viable means to commercialise Japanese biotechnology discoveries. Examples are given of such bioventures, based on interviews conducted with the founders and chief scientists of these firms in Japan. Some of the salient characteristics of these firms are illustrated, including their use of university collaboration and ownership of intellectual property rights.

Intellectual Property Rights and Access to Energy Services in Africa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Professor Adebambo Adewopo ◽  
Dr Tobias Schonwetter ◽  
Helen Chuma-Okoro
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Energy Services ◽  
Proper Role ◽  
The Law

This chapter examines the proper role of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in achieving access to modern energy services in Africa as part of a broader objective of a pro-development intellectual property agenda for African countries. It discusses the role of intellectual property rights, particularly patents, in consonance with pertinent development questions in Africa connected with the implementation of intellectual property standards, which do not wholly assume that innovation in Africa is dependent on strong intellectual property systems. The chapter examines how existing intellectual property legal landscapes in Africa enhance or impede access to modern energy, and how the law can be directed towards improved energy access in African countries. While suggesting that IPRs could serve an important role in achieving modern energy access, the chapter calls for circumspection in applying IP laws in order not to inhibit access to useful technologies for achieving access to modern energy services.

scholarly journals Universities and start-up creation by Ph.D. graduates: the role of scientific and social capital of academic laboratories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Muscio ◽  
Sotaro Shibayama ◽  
Laura Ramaciotti
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Scientific Excellence ◽  
Academic Knowledge ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Industry Collaboration ◽  
Business Experience ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
Scientific Capital

AbstractThis paper investigates how the characteristics of university laboratories influence the propensity of Ph.D. students to entrepreneurship, and thus, contribute to the transfer of academic knowledge to society. As determinants of Ph.D. entrepreneurship, we focus on the lab scientific and social capital as well as on the business experience that Ph.D. students acquire during their training period. The empirical exercise is based on questionnaire survey data of 5266 Ph.D. students in Italian universities in all subject areas. First, we find that 6.7% of the Ph.D. graduates engage in startup activities, and thus, Ph.D. training seems to contribute to knowledge transfer through entrepreneurship. Second, Ph.D. entrepreneurship is driven by business experience, in the forms of industry collaboration and industrially applicable research projects, during their training period. Third, the lab scientific capital is negatively associated with Ph.D. entrepreneurship, suggesting a conflict between scientific excellence and entrepreneurship, but this effect is mitigated if students acquire business experience. Fourth, the lab social capital increases the chance of startup when students have business experience. We further investigate the effects of lab environment by distinguishing between startups that are based on university research and startups that are not, finding different determinants.

scholarly journals IPR Law Protection and Enforcement and the Effect on Horizontal Productivity Spillovers from Inward FDI to Domestic Firms: A Meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danai Christopoulou ◽  
Nikolaos Papageorgiadis ◽  
Chengang Wang ◽  
Georgios Magkonis
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Productivity Spillovers ◽  
Domestic Firms ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractWe study the role of the strength of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) law protection and enforcement in influencing horizontal productivity spillovers from inward FDI to domestic firms in host countries. While most WTO countries adopted strong IPR legislation due to exogenous pressure resulting from the signing of the Trade-Related Aspects of IPR (TRIPS) agreement, public IPR enforcement strength continues to vary significantly between countries. We meta-analyse 49 studies and find that public IPR enforcement strength has a direct positive effect on horizontal productivity spillovers from inward FDI to domestic firms and a negative moderating effect on the relationship between IPR law protection strength and horizontal productivity spillovers from inward FDI to domestic firms.

PERAN HAK CIPTA DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Andi Baso Ilmar M
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Community Activities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Legal Infrastructure

AbstrakIndonesia sebagai salah satu negara yang mengatur ketentuan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual khususnya Hak Cipta diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta. Seiring dengan pesatnya perkembangan kreatifitas masyarakat dalam lingkup Hak Cipta yang memiliki nilai ekonomis dan dapat berpengaruh pada pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam masyarakat, kemudian bagaimana Hukum Kekayaan Intelektual khususnya dibidang Hak Cipta dapat meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat sehingga dibutuhkan juga kesiapan infrastruktur hukum berupa regulasi untuk membantu perkembangan Hak Cipta di Indonesia sebagai payung hukum dari kegiatan masyarakat, serta bagaimana penagakannya. Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana peran kekayaan intelektual khususnya Hak Cipta dalam pembangunan demi menunjang kesejahteraan masyarakat. Seperti hasil kreatifitas masyarakat dibidang Hak Cipta yang dapat memiliki nilai ekonomis memiliki jaminan dan kepastian hukum dari pemerintah berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta.Kata Kunci: Hak Cipta, Pembangunan, Jaminan, Kepastian, Kesejahteraan. AbstractIndonesia as one of the countries that regulates the provisions of Intellectual Property Rights specifically Copyright is regulated in Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright. Along with the rapid development of community creativity in the scope of Copyright which has economic value and can affect economic growth in society, then how can Intellectual Property Law, especially in the field of Copyright, increase public awareness so that legal infrastructure readiness is also needed in the form of regulations to assist the development of Copyright in Unikom Center Indonesia as the legal umbrella for community activities, as well as how to enforce them. This writing aims to see how the role of intellectual property, especially copyright in development for the welfare of society. Such as the result of community creativity in the field of Copyright which can have economic value has legal guarantees and certainty from the government based on Law Number 28 of 2014 concerning Copyright.Keywords: Copyright, Development, Guarantee, Certainty, Prosperity.

scholarly journals Management Problems in Global Crowdsourcing

2022 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Zhijiang Liu ◽  
Tatyana Sakulyeva ◽  
Alexey Mikheev ◽  
Diana Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Project Success ◽  
Information Leakage ◽  
Ethical Conduct ◽  
Predominant Role ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Security Guarantees

The study aimed to develop recommendations for the optimization of settings in which the crowdsourcing project takes place. Findings show that crowdfunding projects are hybrid and include the elements of crowdsourcing, crowdsensing, crowdfunding, crowdworking, and crowdsourced recruitment. The predominant role of security guarantees was identified. It turned out that relations irreducible to a simple hierarchy pose many challenges. The results indicate that leading issues include the lack of financial guarantees and the likelihood of information leakage to competitors. Hence, the priority is to manage the exchange of money and information. An interesting finding demonstrates a positive correlation between project success, ethical conduct, and fair distribution of gains. The protection of intellectual property rights was no less important. As it was concluded in the course of analysis, the more successful the project, the more thoroughly it addresses the protection of someone else's intellectual property.

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