scholarly journals A velocity prediction program for an autonomous sailing drone

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 288-299
Author(s):  
Pham Minh Ngoc ◽  
Bu-gi Kim ◽  
Changjo Yang
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Program ◽  
Velocity Prediction

The Application of VPPs to Practical Sailing Problems

1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kart L. Kirkman
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Program ◽  
Widespread Acceptance ◽  
Velocity Prediction ◽  
Do So

The velocity prediction program, VPP, appeared on the yachting scene about ten years ago and it now dominates design and sailing. Originally implemented as a handicapping tool under the Measurement Handicap System, now accepted internationally as IMS, it has seen widespread acceptance for many other uses, from design to tuning and racing. This capability means that it is productive, even necessary, for the typical sailor interested in good performance to understand how to apply a VPP to his activities. To do so requires an appreciation of how a VPP functions and how it is applied to practical sailing problems, such as sail selection or tactics. The paper presents a review of VPP fundamentals and then treats the following applications: - Sail selection and strategy for offshore yachts. - Tuning and optimization of all boats. It is the goal of the paper to impart a working understand­ing of the VPP to many sailors so that they can take advantage of the technology in their normal activities.

Added Resistance in Seaways and its Impact on Yacht Performance

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Graf ◽  
Marcus Pelz ◽  
Volker Bertram ◽  
H. Söding
Keyword(s):  
Strong Impact ◽  
Wave Spectra ◽  
Linear Extensions ◽  
Added Resistance ◽  
Optimum Length ◽  
Prediction Program ◽  
Strip Theory ◽  
Velocity Prediction ◽  
Added Resistance In Waves ◽  
Response Amplitude Operators

A method for the prediction of seakeeping behaviour of sailing yachts has been developed. It is based on linear strip theory with some non-linear extensions. The method is capable to take into account heeling and yawing yacht hulls, yacht appendages and sails. The yacht's response amplitude operators (RAO) and added resistance in waves can be predicted for harmonic waves as well as for natural wave spectra. The method is used to study added resistance in seaways for ACC-V5 yachts of varying beam. Results are used for further VPP investigations. The AVPP velocity prediction program is used to study optimum length to beam ratio of the yachts depending on wind velocity and upwind to downwind weighting. This investigation is carried out for flat water conditions as well as for two typical wave spectra. The results show that taking into account added resistance in seaways has a strong impact on predicted performance of the yacht.

scholarly journals Rowing VPP(Velocity Prediction Program)

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (194) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kobayashi ◽  
Takeshi Kinoshita
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Program ◽  
Velocity Prediction

scholarly journals High Froude Number Experimental Investigation of the 2 DOF Behavior of a Multihull Float in Head Waves

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Paul Kerdraon ◽  
Boris Horel ◽  
Patrick Bot ◽  
Adrien Letourneur ◽  
David David Le Touzé
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Good Representation ◽  
Prediction Program ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Head Waves ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Dynamic Velocity ◽  
Velocity Prediction ◽  
High Froude Number ◽  
Stability Issues

Dynamic Velocity Prediction Programs are taking an increasingly prominent role in high performance yacht design, as they allow to deal with seakeeping abilities and stability issues. Their validation is however often neglected for lack of time and data. This paper presents an experimental campaign carried out in the towing tank of the Ecole Centrale de Nantes, France, to validate the hull modeling in use in a previously presented Dynamic Velocity Prediction Program. Even though with foils, hulls are less frequently immersed, a reliable hull modeling is necessary to properly simulate the critical transient phases such as touchdowns and takeoffs. The model is a multihull float with a waterline length of 2.5 m. Measurements were made in head waves in both captive and semi-captive conditions (free to heave and pitch), with the model towed at constant yaw and speed. To get as close as possible to real sailing conditions, experiments were made at both zero and non-zero leeway angles, sweeping a wide range of speed values, with Froude numbers up to 1.2. Both linear and nonlinear wave conditions were studied in order to test the limits of the modeling approach, with wave steepness reaching up to 7% in captive conditions and 3.5% in semi-captive ones. The paper presents the design and methodology of the experiments, as well as comparisons of measured loads and motions with simulations. Loads are shown to be consistent, with a good representation of the sustained non-linearities. Pitch and heave motions depict an encouraging correlation which confirms that the modeling approach is valid.

Scoring IMS Regattas - An Empirical Study of Alternative Methods

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Cane
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Prediction Program ◽  
Data Points ◽  
Velocity Prediction ◽  
International Measurement

The International Measurement System (IMS) uses a computerized velocity prediction program (VPP) to calculate the performance of a meas­ured hull and rig in winds from six to twenty knots, at any sailing angle. A regatta is scored by comparing a yacht's performance with pre­dictions of the VPP. The winner is the yacht whose performance, relative to its VPP predic­tions, is the best, compared to all other yachts in its class or division. This paper discusses different methods of malc­ing the comparison and accounting for various factors in the race such as wind shifts and cur­rent on the course. Decisions made by race man­agers and/or developers of scoring programs can significantly impact results. Illustrative examples show the effects that these decisions can have. In 1994 the number of data points available for use in scoring yachts in custom courses doubled. Alternative ways of using these data are illus­trated by application to a sample regatta.

Relative Performance of Conventional Versus Movable-Ballast Racing Yachts

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank DeBord ◽  
Harry Dunning
Keyword(s):  
Physical Model ◽  
Morning Glory ◽  
Cfd Analysis ◽  
Design Issues ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Prediction Program ◽  
The Past ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Physical Model Tests ◽  
Velocity Prediction

Over the past few years several advanced concepts have gained wider acceptance from owners of large racing yachts and organizers of major international events. Two of these concepts, water ballast and canting keels, were evaluated during the design of the maxZ86 yachts Pyewacket and Morning Glory. This paper presents the key design features of these large movable ballast racing yachts and compares their performance to conventional racing yachts of similar size. Comparisons include results of physical model tests, CFD analysis using a panel code, velocity prediction program modeling, and sailing data from the existing boats. These results are accompanied by physical explanations of the differences, and the special testing and analysis requirements for the movable-ballast configurations are detailed. Finally, some of the design issues unique to the movable-ballast concepts and design trade-offs are discussed.

Upwind Sail Performance Prediction for a VPP including “Flying Shape” Analysis

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Maskew ◽  
Frank DeBord
Keyword(s):  
Grid Point ◽  
Flow Simulation ◽  
Lattice Method ◽  
Prediction Program ◽  
Aerodynamic Pressure ◽  
Dynamic Velocity ◽  
Velocity Prediction ◽  
Coupled Structures ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Ultimate Objective

A coupled aerodynamic/structures approach is presented for predicting the flying shape and performance of yacht sails in upwind conditions. The method is incorporated in a flow simulation computer program, and is part of an ultimate objective for a simultaneous aeroelastic/hydro analysis in a Dynamic Velocity Prediction Program (DVPP), that will include a 6DOF motion solver, and at some point could include calculations in waves. The time-stepping aerodynamic module uses an advanced vortex lattice method for the sails and a panel method with special base separation treatment to represent the abovewater part of the hull and mast. A coupled inverse boundary layer analysis is applied on all surfaces including both sides of each sail membrane; this computes the skinfriction drag and the source displacement effects of the boundary layers and wakes, including bubble and leeside “trailing-edge” type separations. . At each step, the computed aerodynamic pressure and skin-friction loads are transferred to a coupled structures module that uses a network grid of tension “cords” in each sail membrane, each cord representing a collection of fiber “strings”. The solution of a structural equilibrium matrix provides the displacements needed to achieve balance between the aerodynamic and tension loads at each grid point as the shape iterations proceed. Details of the methodology used are presented and comparisons of predicted aerodynamic forces to wind tunnel results and an existing VPP sail model are provided. In addition, predictions are compared to some simple experiments to demonstrate the aerodynamic/structural coupling necessary to predict flying shape. Finally, an outline is given for incorporation of this methodology into the planned Dynamic Velocity Prediction Program.

Modeling IACC Sail Forces by Combining Measurements with CFD

1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome H. Milgram ◽  
Donald B. Peters ◽  
D. Noah Eckhouse
Keyword(s):  
Scale Model ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Actual Performance ◽  
Force Coefficients ◽  
Prediction Program ◽  
Induced Drag ◽  
Load Cells ◽  
Velocity Prediction ◽  
America’S Cup ◽  
Parasitic Components

A sailing dynamometer with a 42% scale model of an International America's Cup Class rig is used to measure sail forces and moments in actual sailing conditions. The sailing dynamometer is a 35-foot boat containing an internal frame connected to the hull by six load cells configured to measure all the forces and moments between the frame and the hull. All sailing rig components are attached to the frame, so that the sail forces are measured. Sail shapes in use are determined by computer-interfaced video. Computational fluid dynamics performed on the measured shapes provides the induced drag. This allows the measured drag to be decomposed into induced and form-and-parasitic components, which is necessary for generating a mathematical sail force model for a velocity prediction program (VPP). It is shown that VPP results using these new sail force coefficients are in better agreement with actual performance than are VPP results based on traditional sail force coefficients.

scholarly journals VPP-Driven Sail and Foil Trim Optimization for the Olympic NACRA 17 Foiling Catamaran

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 61-81
Author(s):  
Kai Graf ◽  
Oliver Freiheit ◽  
Paul Schlockermann ◽  
Jan C. Mense
Keyword(s):  
Olympic Games ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Prediction Program ◽  
Velocity Prediction ◽  
Rudder Angle ◽  
Boat Speed ◽  
The Olympic Games

Abstract. The Nacra-17 catamaran is currently the only type of multihull that participates in the Olympic Games. It features semi-L-shaped daggerboards, allowing the boat to foil. For maximizing boat speed, the sailors have to cope with a large set of trimming parameters. Boat speed depends on sail trim, but additional trim parameters also have a strong impact on boat speed: the rake of the daggerboard and the rudder, the platform trim and heel angle and the rudder angle. The project described here tries to assist the sailors in finding an optimized set of trim parameters. This is done with the help of a proprietary velocity prediction program, which - besides solving for equilibrium of all forces acting on the boat - searches for the set of daggerboard and rudder rake, rudder angle, heel angle and platform trim, for which performance yields a maximum. The paper describes the method as well as some of the results.

Toward Numerical VPP with the Full Coupling of Aerodynamic and Hydrodynamic Solvers for ACC Yachts

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erwan Jacquin ◽  
Yann Roux ◽  
Bertrand Allessandrini
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Motion Equations ◽  
Towing Tank ◽  
Six Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Prediction Program ◽  
Velocity Prediction ◽  
Sailing Yacht ◽  
Full Coupling ◽  
Classical Interpolation

The classical approach of Velocity Prediction Program is to find the balance of Hydrodynamic and aerodynamic sensors acting on the yacht to determine sailing conditions and associated performance. Usually, this approach is based on the data given by towing tank, wind tunnel or numerical computations. We present in this paper the unsteady coupling between an hydrodynamic RANSE with free surface solver and a panel aerodynamic solver that allow to directly find the sailing condition of the yacht, and its performances, compute bay solving the six degrees of freedom motion equations of the ship in the hydrodynamic solver. The main advantage of this computational method is the decrease of numerical evaluation, compared to the classical interpolation approach to determine performances of a hull, and to directly rank several hills in the term of performances and not only in the term of drag in fixed conditions. Further, improvements will allow to simulate unsteady maneuvering of sailing yacht, and focus will for example on restart behavior after tacking, dynamic behavior in waves.

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