scholarly journals Morphological variability in wing size and wing shape among species Aphidius absinthi Marshall, A. Rosae haliday and A. Urticae Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae)

2017 ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Ana Mitrovski-Bogdanovic ◽  
Petar Radojicic
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Wing Size

The Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): species delimitation and evolutionary relationships based on wing geometric morphometrics

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1825 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
JASMINA LUDOŠKI ◽  
LJUBINKA FRANCUSKI ◽  
ANTE VUJIĆ ◽  
VESNA MILANKOV
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis

A landmark-based geometric morphometric approach was used to assess differences in the size and shape of wing among/within three species of the Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): C. canicularis, C. himantopus and C. orthotricha. Wing size and shape variation was observed from 25, 176 and 41 specimens of C. canicularis, C. himantopus and C. orthotricha, respectively, collected from six localities on the Balkan Peninsula. Significant differences in wing size were obtained among the analysed species and canonical variate analysis showed that wing shape was sufficiently different to allow the correct classification of 73% individuals of C. canicularis, 80% of C. orthotricha and 94% of C. himantopus, and clear delimitation of the species pairs C. canicularis/C. orthotricha and C. himantopus/C. orthotricha. In all analysed species, the consistent sex dimorphism in wing shape was observed indicating that female specimens had shorter and broader wings than males. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on squared Mahalanobis distances revealed close accordance with previously published phylogenetic relationships of these species indicated by allozyme and DNA sequence data analysis. Our results suggested that wing parameters contain useful information in quantification phenotypic variation and identification of species in this challenging group for taxonomy and systematics.

scholarly journals Wing shape, wing size, and sexual dimorphism in eye-span in stalk-eyed flies (Diopsidae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 860-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAL RIBAK ◽  
MARIE L. PITTS ◽  
GERALD S. WILKINSON ◽  
JOHN G. SWALLOW
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Wing Size

scholarly journals Annual Variability of Wing Morphology in Culex sitiens Wiedemann (Diptera, Culicidae) Mosquito Vectors from the Coastal Area of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanawat Chaiphongpachara ◽  
Sedthapong Laojun
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Area ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Size And Shape

Culex sitiens Wiedemann (Diptera, Culicidae) is a mosquito vector that is found in coastal areas. Effective control of mosquitoes requires knowledge of the biology, ecology, and behavior of the vector as well as of various other aspects, including its morphology. Currently, variations in the wing size and shape of coastal Cx. sitiens have not been described. Here, morphological changes were studied in the wings of Cx. sitiens from a coastal area of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. Samples were collected at night (6:00 pm–6:00 am) during single weeks of September in the years 2015–2017 using Center for Disease Control light traps with dry ice as bait. Eighteen landmarks of each individual were selected and digitized for landmark-based geometric morphometric analyses. Wing size variability was estimated using the isometric estimator of centroid size. Wing-shape variables were computed as Procrustes superimposition with residual coordinates of the 18 landmarks following a Generalized Procrustes Analysis and the principal components of residual coordinates. Degrees of wing-shape dissimilarity among individuals were analyzed using discriminant analysis or canonical variate analysis, which was illustrated in a discriminant space of canonical variables. Differences in wing size and shape among populations were calculated using nonparametric permutations based on 1000 runs with Bonferroni correction tests at a p-value of <0.05. The wing sizes and shapes of the mosquitoes differed significantly between observation years in all population groups, as indicated by nonparametric tests (1000 runs) with the Bonferroni correction. Differing rainfall between observation years was related to morphological changes in mosquito populations, presumably reflecting environmental adaptation. Differences in the wing morphology of Cx. sitiens between annual populations reflect adaptation to environmental variables such as rainfall and may affect the potential to act as insect vectors of human disease. These observations may facilitate the development of tools for managing mosquito-borne disease.

scholarly journals Urbanisation and wing asymmetry in the western honey bee (Apis mellifera, Linnaeus 1758) at multiple scales

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan J. Leonard ◽  
Katie K.Y. Wat ◽  
Clare McArthur ◽  
Dieter F. Hochuli
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
The Impact

Changes in the mean and variance of phenotypic traits like wing and head morphology are frequently used as indicators of environmental stress experienced during development and may serve as a convenient index of urbanization exposure. To test this claim, we collected adult western honey bee (Apis mellifera Linnaeus 1758, Hymenoptera, Apidae) workers from colonies located across an urbanization gradient, and quantified associations between the symmetries of both wing size and wing shape, and several landscape traits associated with urbanization. Landscape traits were assessed at two spatial scales (three km and 500 m) and included vegetation and anthropogenic land cover, total road length, road proximity and, population and dwelling density. We then used geometric morphometric techniques to determine two wing asymmetry scores—centroid size, a measure of wing size asymmetry and Procrustes distance, a measure of wing shape asymmetry. We found colony dependent differences in both wing size and shape asymmetry. Additionally, we found a negative association between wing shape asymmetry and road proximity at the three km buffer, and associations between wing shape asymmetry and road proximity, anthropogenic land cover and vegetation cover at the 500 m buffer. Whilst we were unable to account for additional variables that may influence asymmetry including temperature, pesticide presence, and parasitism our results demonstrate the potential usefulness of wing shape asymmetry for assessing the impact of certain landscape traits associated with urbanization. Furthermore, they highlight important spatial scale considerations that warrant investigation in future phenotypic studies assessing urbanization impact.

scholarly journals Using the modern morphometric approach to determine sexual dimorphism of three medically important flies (Order: Diptera) in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
TANAWAT CHAIPHONGPACHARA ◽  
SEDTHAPONG LAOJUN
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Generalized Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract. Chaiphongpachara T, Laojun S. 2019. Using the modern morphometric approach to determine sexual dimorphism of three medically important flies (Order: Diptera) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 1482-1486.  This study assessed landmark-based geometric morphometric (GM) approach to determine sexual dimorphism of three medically important flies in Thailand, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), Musca domestica (Linnaeus) and Boettcherisca nathani (Lopes). In the wing size analysis, the centroid size (CS) was computed to estimate the wing size. During wing shape analysis, shape variables were analyzed from principal components of partial warp scores calculated after generalized procrustes analysis of coordinates. Non-parametric permutation-based tests (1000 cycles) were used (after Bonferroni correction) at p < 0.05 for statistical comparisons of sizes and shapes between males and females in each fly species. The results of this study, analysis of wing size for sexual dimorphism based on wing CS did not find statistical differences in flies of any type (p > 0.05). However, not the size, the shape of the wings is a common factor used in identification of sexual dimorphism. The wing shape in all species was different between male and female sexes. These results have shown that the GM approach was effective in identifying the sexual dimorphism of C. megacephala, M. domestica and B. nathani, which is one way to help with sex differentiation in cases of incomplete specimens that cannot be classified by morphological methods.

Are wing size, wing shape and asymmetry related to field fitness of Trichogramma egg parasitoids?

Oikos ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ursula M. Kölliker-Ott ◽  
Mark W. Blows ◽  
Ary A. Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Wing Size

scholarly journals Identification of the species of the Cheilosia variabilis group (Diptera, Syrphidae) from the Balkan Peninsula using wing geometric morphometrics, with the revision of status of C. melanopa redi Vujić, 1996

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lj. Francuski ◽  
A. Vujić ◽  
A. Kovačević ◽  
J. Ludoški ◽  
V. Milankov
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Wing Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Shape And Size

The present study investigates phenotypic differentiation patterns among four species of the Cheilosia variabilis group (Diptera, Syrphidae) using a landmark-based geometric morphometric approach. Herein, wing geometric morphometrics established species boundaries that confirm C. melanopa and C. redi stat. nov. as evolutionarily independent entities or separate species within the previously described C. melanopa species. Seventeen samples of C. lasiopa, C. variabilis, C. melanopa and C. redi from 11 localities on the Balkan Peninsula were analysed. Based on wing shape and size, both species boundaries and intraspecific divergent units were delineated indicating the possible presence of evolutionarily independent units within the analysed taxa. Significant differences in wing size were obtained among the analysed species and canonical variate analysis showed that wing shape was sufficiently different to allow the correct classification of 99.7% and 100% individuals of males and females, respectively. Considerable wing size variation was detected among males and females of conspecific populations of C. melanopa and males of C. variabilis. Contrary to partial discrimination based on the male wing shape among conspecific populations of C. redi and C. variabilis, clear separation of conspecific populations of C. melanopa (for both sexes) and females of C. redi and C. variabilis was observed. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on squared Mahalanobis distances revealed a close similarity between C. melanopa and C. redi, whereas C. lasiopa was the most divergent species. Results presented in this study utilize wing shape and size as new taxonomic characters in delimitating the closely related species and populations of the Cheilosia variabilis group.

Contrasting Responses of Wing Morphology of Three Blowfly (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Species to Competition

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 738-744
Author(s):  
M P Macedo ◽  
L C Arantes ◽  
R Tidon
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Lucilia Sericata ◽  
Calliphora Vicina ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Wing Morphology ◽  
Behavioral Traits ◽  
Directional Change

Abstract Competition influences the expression of morphological, physiological, and behavioral traits and also regulates ecological and evolutionary dynamics. This study aims to identify and characterize changes in wing morphology in response to intra- and interspecific competition in three necrophagous blowfly species. Using geometric morphometry, we analyzed 3,238 wings from Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826), Calliphora vicina Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830, and C. vomitoria (Linnaeus, 1758) raised under cloistered and pairwise conditions. The three species reacted similarly to intraspecific competition—reducing wing size with increased competition—but displayed contrasting patterns of response to interspecific competition. Lucilia sericata displayed a directional change in wing shape in response to an interspecific competitor, while C. vicina increased the scattering of individuals across the morphospace, and C. vomitoria displayed no significant change in response to the same stimulus. Our results show that the same stimulus yields distinctive responses; thus, different competition-related strategies are expected to occur in the three species.

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