scholarly journals Identification of the species of the Cheilosia variabilis group (Diptera, Syrphidae) from the Balkan Peninsula using wing geometric morphometrics, with the revision of status of C. melanopa redi Vujić, 1996

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lj. Francuski ◽  
A. Vujić ◽  
A. Kovačević ◽  
J. Ludoški ◽  
V. Milankov
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Species Boundaries ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Wing Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Shape And Size

The present study investigates phenotypic differentiation patterns among four species of the Cheilosia variabilis group (Diptera, Syrphidae) using a landmark-based geometric morphometric approach. Herein, wing geometric morphometrics established species boundaries that confirm C. melanopa and C. redi stat. nov. as evolutionarily independent entities or separate species within the previously described C. melanopa species. Seventeen samples of C. lasiopa, C. variabilis, C. melanopa and C. redi from 11 localities on the Balkan Peninsula were analysed. Based on wing shape and size, both species boundaries and intraspecific divergent units were delineated indicating the possible presence of evolutionarily independent units within the analysed taxa. Significant differences in wing size were obtained among the analysed species and canonical variate analysis showed that wing shape was sufficiently different to allow the correct classification of 99.7% and 100% individuals of males and females, respectively. Considerable wing size variation was detected among males and females of conspecific populations of C. melanopa and males of C. variabilis. Contrary to partial discrimination based on the male wing shape among conspecific populations of C. redi and C. variabilis, clear separation of conspecific populations of C. melanopa (for both sexes) and females of C. redi and C. variabilis was observed. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on squared Mahalanobis distances revealed a close similarity between C. melanopa and C. redi, whereas C. lasiopa was the most divergent species. Results presented in this study utilize wing shape and size as new taxonomic characters in delimitating the closely related species and populations of the Cheilosia variabilis group.

The Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): species delimitation and evolutionary relationships based on wing geometric morphometrics

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1825 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
JASMINA LUDOŠKI ◽  
LJUBINKA FRANCUSKI ◽  
ANTE VUJIĆ ◽  
VESNA MILANKOV
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Mahalanobis Distances ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Upgma Cluster Analysis

A landmark-based geometric morphometric approach was used to assess differences in the size and shape of wing among/within three species of the Cheilosia canicularis group (Diptera: Syrphidae): C. canicularis, C. himantopus and C. orthotricha. Wing size and shape variation was observed from 25, 176 and 41 specimens of C. canicularis, C. himantopus and C. orthotricha, respectively, collected from six localities on the Balkan Peninsula. Significant differences in wing size were obtained among the analysed species and canonical variate analysis showed that wing shape was sufficiently different to allow the correct classification of 73% individuals of C. canicularis, 80% of C. orthotricha and 94% of C. himantopus, and clear delimitation of the species pairs C. canicularis/C. orthotricha and C. himantopus/C. orthotricha. In all analysed species, the consistent sex dimorphism in wing shape was observed indicating that female specimens had shorter and broader wings than males. The UPGMA cluster analysis based on squared Mahalanobis distances revealed close accordance with previously published phylogenetic relationships of these species indicated by allozyme and DNA sequence data analysis. Our results suggested that wing parameters contain useful information in quantification phenotypic variation and identification of species in this challenging group for taxonomy and systematics.

Intraspecific variation in wing shape of Poecilobothrus regalis (Meigen, 1824) (Diptera, Dolichopodidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (16) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mariya A. Chursina ◽  
Oleg P. Negrobov
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Wind Flow ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Average Wind

A study of 186 specimens of Poecilobothrus regalis was conducted in order to examine intraspecific variability of wing shape. The wing shape variation was analyzed using geometric morphometrics analyses. Significant differences in the structure of wing were found both between sexes and between populations. Differences between sexes were observed in the structure of the medium portion of wing. The first extracted canonical variate of geographic variation showed a moderately linear association with latitude and average temperature of February and March. The second canonical variate was correlated with longitude and values of average wind flow velocity. Allometric relationships were weak both between populations and sexes.

scholarly journals Quantifying Wing Shape and Size of Saturniid Moths with Geometric Morphometrics

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjia Zhong ◽  
Geena M. Hill ◽  
Juan P. Gomez ◽  
David Plotkin ◽  
Jesse R. Barber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Shape And Size

Analysing morphological variation of appendages and labrum in 10 species of Heterocypris Claus, 1893 (Podocopida : Cyprididae) with additional description of Heterocypris exigua

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1448
Author(s):  
Tamara Karan-Žnidaršič ◽  
Vukica Vujić ◽  
Ángel Baltanás
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Relative Measurements ◽  
Post Hoc

Natural selection can lead to speciation, but its effects depend on amount of morphological variation within populations. In Ostracoda, the appendages enclosed within the calcified carapace are less influenced by environmental conditions in comparison with carapace valves. Here, we explored morphological variation of appendages and labrum in cosmopolitan genus Heterocypris, investigating the species occurring in Europe. With the aim to overcome taxonomical problems, both traditional and geometric morphometrics were applied. The relative lengths were analysed by one-way ANOVA and post-hoc tests to determine interspecific variation and sexual dimorphism. Significant traits were further analysed by Canonical Variate Analysis separately for males and females as segment width/length ratios and relative length of claws and setae ratios. Landmark-based geometric morphometrics were applied to analyse shape variation of the labrum and traits of the maxillular palp. From this, a new perspective on morphological variation within this genus emerged. Relative measurements of the second segment of the maxillular palp, and relative lengths of the natatory setae were found to be the characters that contribute most to discrimination among Heterocypris species. The most important discriminant traits in females are the relative lengths of the G2 and G1 claws. Heterocypris exigua is additionally described, as all findings demonstrated that this is the most distinctive species, the most similar to H. gevgelica. In conclusion, we found that in comparison with maxillular palp and other analysed characters, labrum traits showed as more reliable and deserve more attention in descriptions of new species.

scholarly journals Differentiation of Five Species of Megachile (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae), based on Wing Shape

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahram Falamarzi ◽  
Behzad Habibpour ◽  
Mohammad S. Mossadegh ◽  
Alireza Monfared
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Effective Technique ◽  
Validation Test ◽  
Variate Analysis ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
Respective Species

Abstract In the present work we used landmark-based geometric morphometrics to compare the wing shapes of five species of Megachile (belonging to three subgenera) to confirm whether this technique may be used reliably for differentiation of this group. Analyses of wing shape by the use of principal component analysis (PCA), and canonical variate analysis (CVA) led to a clear differentiation among species. We found a close phenotypic similarity in wing shape between M. albisecta (belonging to the subgenus Creightonella) and M. picicornis (belonging to the subgenus Eutricharaea). According to the results of UPGMA, a higher degree of divergence between M. farinosa (belonging to the subgenus Pseudomegachile) and species belonging to other subgenera, was detected. The results of a cross-validation test indicated that geometric morphometrics is an effective technique to use for distinguishing between Megachile species. The reliability rate of this technique was between 85.71-100%. Using only two submarginal cell landmarks for generating shape variables, the cross-validation test correctly assigned individuals to their respective species, with a 92.85-100% reliability rate. Significant differences in wing size were obtained among the analysed species.

scholarly journals Identifying of Homoneura (Diptera: Lauxaniidae) females by means of geometric morphometrics

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86
Author(s):  
Marek Semelbauer
Keyword(s):  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Multivariate Methods ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
European Species ◽  
Generalized Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract The females of the European species Homoneura consobrina, H. patelliformis and H. thalhammeri are not easy to discern. A possible method of identifying females is to apply geometric morphometrics to the wing shape, when we expect females of certain species to have wing shape more similar to conspecific males, than to other species. For this purpose, 94 specimens of the three species were collected mainly by means of Malaise trap in western and central Slovakia and Montenegro. The combination of morphological and distribution data allowed for the females to be divided into three groups. In next step, wings of both males and females were digitized, aligned by Generalized Procrustes Analysis and analyzed via multivariate methods (principal component analysis, multivariate analysis of variance, linear discriminant analysis). Results of the analysis clearly suggest that females with large and convex 8th sternite belong to H. patelliformis, while females with reduced 8th sternite belong to either H. thalhammeri or H. consobrina.

scholarly journals Morphological variation ofAphidius erviHaliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) associated with different aphid hosts

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinthya M. Villegas ◽  
Vladimir Žikić ◽  
Saša S. Stanković ◽  
Sebastián A. Ortiz-Martínez ◽  
Ainara Peñalver-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Geometric Morphometrics ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Aphid Host ◽  
Shape And Size

BackgroundParasitoids are frequently used in biological control due to the fact that they are considered host specific and highly efficient at attacking their hosts. As they spend a significant part of their life cycle within their hosts, feeding habits and life history of their host can promote specialization via host-race formation (sequential radiation). The specialized host races from different hosts can vary morphologically, behaviorally and genetically. However, these variations are sometimes inconspicuous and require more powerful tools in order to detect variation such as geometric morphometrics analysis.MethodsWe examinedAphidius ervi, an important introduced biological control agent in Chile associated with a great number of aphid species, which are exploiting different plant hosts and habitats. Several combinations (biotypes) of parasitoids with various aphid/host plant combinations were analyzed in order to obtain measures of forewing shape and size. To show the differences among defined biotypes, we chose 13 specific landmarks on each individual parasitoid wing. The analysis of allometric variation calculated in wing shape and size over centroid size (CS), revealed the allometric changes among biotypes collected from different hosts. To show all differences in shape of forewings, we made seven biotype pairs using an outline-based geometric morphometrics comparison.ResultsThe biotypeA. pis_pea(Acyrthosiphon pisumon pea) was the extreme wing size in this study compared to the other analyzed biotypes. Aphid hosts have a significant influence in the morphological differentiation of the parasitoid forewing, splitting biotypes in two groups. The first group consisted of biotypes connected withAcyrthosiphon pisumon legumes, while the second group is composed of biotypes connected with aphids attacking cereals, with the exception of theR. pad_wheat(Rhopalosiphum padion wheat) biotype. There was no significant effect of plant species on parasitoid wing size and shape.DiscussionAlthough previous studies have suggested that the genotype of parasitoids is of greater significance for the morphological variations of size and shape of wings, this study indicates that the aphid host on whichA. ervidevelops is the main factor to alter the structure of parasitoid forewings. Bigger aphid hosts implied longer and broader forewings ofA. ervi.

scholarly journals Using the modern morphometric approach to determine sexual dimorphism of three medically important flies (Order: Diptera) in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
TANAWAT CHAIPHONGPACHARA ◽  
SEDTHAPONG LAOJUN
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Wing Shape ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Wing Size ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Generalized Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Males And Females

Abstract. Chaiphongpachara T, Laojun S. 2019. Using the modern morphometric approach to determine sexual dimorphism of three medically important flies (Order: Diptera) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 1482-1486.  This study assessed landmark-based geometric morphometric (GM) approach to determine sexual dimorphism of three medically important flies in Thailand, Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), Musca domestica (Linnaeus) and Boettcherisca nathani (Lopes). In the wing size analysis, the centroid size (CS) was computed to estimate the wing size. During wing shape analysis, shape variables were analyzed from principal components of partial warp scores calculated after generalized procrustes analysis of coordinates. Non-parametric permutation-based tests (1000 cycles) were used (after Bonferroni correction) at p < 0.05 for statistical comparisons of sizes and shapes between males and females in each fly species. The results of this study, analysis of wing size for sexual dimorphism based on wing CS did not find statistical differences in flies of any type (p > 0.05). However, not the size, the shape of the wings is a common factor used in identification of sexual dimorphism. The wing shape in all species was different between male and female sexes. These results have shown that the GM approach was effective in identifying the sexual dimorphism of C. megacephala, M. domestica and B. nathani, which is one way to help with sex differentiation in cases of incomplete specimens that cannot be classified by morphological methods.

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