10.5937/sabornost8-7181 = Primacy in the Church an official Position of the Russian Orthodox Church and continuation of the orthodox-catholic dialogue

The foundations of the social concept are one of the most important normative acts issued by the Russian Orthodox Church. The unanimous adoption of this document by the Holy Council of Bishops of the Russian Church, which took place on August 13-16, 2000 in Moscow, was not only a local event, but a significant fact on the scale of the entire Orthodox Church worldwide. For the first time in history, one of the autocephalous Orthodox Churches decided to formulate an official position on current social, economic, economic and cultural issues, as well as define the Church-state relationship in the conditions of historical reality in which it found itself at the threshold of the third millennium. The promulgation of the Foundations of the Social Concept has become a powerful impulse for the renewal of spiritual life, greater involvement of the Orthodox clergy in social life, the development of institutional and non-institutional forms of mission and evangelization, and the multidimensional dialogue of Orthodoxy with the world of science, politics and economy. The aim of this publication is to familiarize the Polish reader with the content of chapters twelve and thirteen of the document, which relate to bioethical and ecological issues. It is worth noting that this is their first translation into Polish. The translator hopes that they will contribute to a better understanding of the Orthodox Church’s position on issues that are currently among the most discussed social topics.

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Clergy Participation in Elections, Political Parties and Government from the Perspective of Secular and Church Law

Orthodoxia ◽

10.53822/2712-9276-2021-1-1-175-190 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 175-190

Author(s):

Nun Elena (E.P. Garanova)

Keyword(s):

Political Parties ◽

Modern Technology ◽

The State ◽

Theoretical Formula ◽

Russian Orthodox ◽

Orthodox Church ◽

Russian Orthodox Church ◽

Official Position ◽

Church Law ◽

The Church

This article presents a comparative analysis of solving the issue of Orthodox clergy's participation in elections, political parties and public bodies previously and in modern times from the standpoint of secular and church law. At different stages of history, there were both times when the clergy took active part in the legislative bodies of our country and abstained from it. The relevance of this question is conditioned by the following fact: while the Church is unified and its establishments are inviolable, there are historically many states of many types, and the relations between them should always be adjusted specifically to each case. There is no general theoretical formula that would suit them all. The clergy participated in political parties, elections and the State Duma before the revolution, but the results of this participation were very mixed. In the post-Soviet years, after the constitutional crisis of October 1993, the Church made the only right decision. At an expanded session on October 8, 1993, the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church adopted a resolution that instructed clergy to refrain from participating in the elections to the Federal Assembly as candidates for deputy, and to abstain from membership in political parties under the penalty of prosecution. As for the Church law, the canons of the Orthodox Church do not permit clergymen to hold secular positions of authority. This is confirmed by the Apostolic Rules and decrees of the Ecumenical Councils. Adopted in 2000 by the Jubilee Council of Bishops, “The Fundamentals of the Social Concept of the Russian Orthodox Church” reflected the official position of the Moscow Patriarchate in its relations with the state and secular society . The Fundamentals formulate a concept of the state-church relations, the key concept of which is “the cooperation between state and church”. However, by prohibiting the clergy to participate in government bodies, the Church emphasizes its another resource: the participation of Orthodox laymen in the activities of government bodies and parties. The contemporary challenges include an enormous increase in the influence of the Internet, mass media, the ethical problems of modern technology, the lack of an Orthodox component in educational programs — they are only a few problems and challenges to the dialogue between church and state.

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Mesyatseslovs memory of the Russian Orthodox Church

Theological Herald ◽

10.31802/gb.2020.38.3.007 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 160-198

Author(s):

Макарий Веретенников

Keyword(s):

Russian Orthodox ◽

Orthodox Church ◽

Russian Orthodox Church ◽

Analysis And Synthesis ◽

Liturgical Texts ◽

History Of ◽

Complete Form ◽

Characteristic Features ◽

Heaven And Earth ◽

The Church

Статья посвящена содержанию, общим принципам построения и характерным особенностям календаря, или месяцеслова, Русской Православной Церкви. Автор использует методы анализа и синтеза. В итоге делаются нижеследующие обобщения. Месяцеслов был принесён на Русь из Византии в достаточно завершённом виде, однако в процессе исторического развития он дополнился особенными русскими праздниками. Календарь-месяцеслов - это грандиозный собор святых, подвизавшихся в разных местах на протяжении веков, единение Церкви Небесной и земной, история святости и история нашей Церкви. Месяцесловным памятям посвящены составленные гимнографами богослужебные тексты, которые поются и читаются в храмах. Традиционно почитается день кончины угодников Божиих, память открытия мощей святых, перенесения их святых мощей или же день канонизации угодников Божиих, реже - день их рождения. Фенологические наблюдения русского народа связаны с повседневной деятельностью и увязаны с месяцесловом, что свидетельствует о его проникновении в повседневную жизнь русского человека. The article is devoted to the content, General principles of construction and characteristic features of the calendar, or mesyatseslov, of the Russian Orthodox Church. The author uses methods of analysis and synthesis. As a result, the following generalizations are made. The mesyatseslov was brought to Russia from Byzantium in a fairly complete form, but in the course of historical development it was supplemented with special Russian holidays. The calendar-mesyatseslov is a grandiose council of saints who have labored in different places over the centuries, the unity of the Church of Heaven and earth, the history of holiness and the history of our Church. Liturgical texts composed by hymnographers, which are sung and read in churches, are dedicated to the mesyatseslovs memory. Traditionally, the day of the death of saints, the memory of the discovery of the relics of saints, the transfer of their Holy relics, or the day of the canonization of saints, less often - the day of their birth are honored. Russian people’s phenological observations are related to their daily activities and are linked to mesyatseslov, which indicates its penetration into the daily life of the Russian people.

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Synodal Liturgical Commission

Праксис ◽

10.31802/praxis.2020.4.2.018 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 269-274

Author(s):

Сергей Забелич

Keyword(s):

Russian Orthodox ◽

Orthodox Church ◽

Russian Orthodox Church ◽

History Of ◽

The Church

В статье рассказывается об истории создания Синодальной Богослужебной комиссии, основных направлениях ее деятельности, задачах. На заседаниях обсуждаются вопросы и принимаются предварительные решения по сложным календарным вопросам, а также введение новых текстов в богослужебную практику Русской Православной Церкви на основе церковного Устава (Типикона) и литургической традиции Русской Церкви. The article is devoted to the history of establishing the Synodal Liturgical Commission, the main fields of its work and the essential tasks. The Commission raises a number of important liturgical questions, takes preliminary decisions on the complicated calendar issues and introduces the new texts of divine services into the worship practice of the Russian Orthodox Church following the Church statutes (Typikon) and the liturgical tradition of the Russian Church.

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Church Punishments for Committing the Sin of Abortion: An Analysis of the Ancient Canons and the Present Position of the Russian Orthodox Church

Праксис ◽

10.31802/praxis.2020.4.2.016 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 253-263

Author(s):

Михаил Андреевич Зиновьев

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

Russian Orthodox ◽

Orthodox Church ◽

Traditional Values ◽

Russian Orthodox Church ◽

Social Concept ◽

Official Position ◽

National Security Strategy ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Past Experiences

В настоящее время мировая общественность с каждым днем всё больше отходит от традиционных христианских ценностей, выдвигает и принимает зачастую прямо антихристианские законопроекты. Современная политика Российской Федерации направлена на сохранение традиционных ценностей (11 пункт из Стратегии национальной безопасности РФ). В рамках возрождения духовно-нравственных ценностей остаётся неприемлемым наличие законодательства, легализующего детоубийство. Между тем, уже в Древней Церкви мы встречаем неоднократные постановления различных уровней, регламентирующие церковные епитимии для женщин, совершивших аборт, и тех, кто тем или иным образом был причастен к этому. И уже в новейшей истории Церковь реагируют на вызовы времени, рассматривает прежний опыт и издаёт новые постановления и документы. Современная официальная позиция Русской Православной Церкви на различные проблемы биоэтики, в частности аборта, излагается в «Основах социальной концепции», принятой Архиерейским собором Русской Православной Церкви 2000 г. Целью данной статьи является наиболее подробное рассмотрение канонов, посвящённых греху детоубийства, а также современной позиции Русской Православной Церкви, изложенной в «Основах социальной концепции». В ходе исследования автор проводит сравнительный анализ подходов известных канонистов, пытается проследить историческую мотивацию к принятию подобных постановлений и рассматривает современный взгляд и практику епитимий для людей, прямо или косвенно причастных к греху аборта. At present, the world community is increasingly moving away from traditional Christian values, putting forward and adopting, often directly anti Christian bills. The current pol icy of the Russian Federation is aimed at preserving traditional values? (paragraph 11 from the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation). Within the revival of spiritual and moralvalues, the existence of legislation legalizing infanticide remains unacceptable. Meanwhile, in the Ancient Church already we meet repeated resolutions of various levels regulating church penances for women who had got an abortion as well as for those who had been involved in it some how. And in recent history the Church responds to the time challenges, examines past experiences and issues new resolutions and documents. The Russian Orthodox Church’s current official position on various issues of bioethics, abortion in particular, is set out in the “Foundations of a Social Concept” adopted by the Bishops’ Council of the Russian Orthodox Church in 2000. The purpose of this article is the most detailed consideration of the canons dedicated to the sin of infanticide, as well as the current position of the Russian Orthodox Church set out in the “Foundations of a Social Concept”. In the course of the study, the author conducts a comparative analysis of famous canonists’ approaches, tries to trace the historical motivation for the adoption of such decisions and examines the modern view and practice of penance for people directly or indirectly in volved in the sin of abortion.

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SOCIO-CULTURAL INTERACTION FORMS OF CHURCH AND STATE ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH

Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews ◽

10.18510/hssr.2019.7613 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 60-64

Author(s):

Evguenia Alexandrovna Belyaeva ◽

Elena Aleksandrovna Venidiktova ◽

Dilbar Valievna Shamsutdinova

Keyword(s):

Church And State ◽

Well Being ◽

The State ◽

Russian Orthodox ◽

Russian Society ◽

Orthodox Church ◽

Cultural Interaction ◽

Russian Orthodox Church ◽

Teachers And Students ◽

The Church

Purpose: the aim of the undertaken study is to consider the dynamics of the church-state relationship in the context of Russian new cultural tendencies at the turn of the century. Methodology: Thus, The methodological basis of the research was formed by philosophical analysis of the church-state relationship, historicism and comparison principles. The following tasks were being solved: defining the interaction ways between the religious organizations and the state on the modern stage of the Russian society development; pointing out the prospects of consolidation of both the сhurch and the state around the democratic civil society fostering program in XXI century; revealing the need to promote respectful attitude towards human values as an integral part of spiritual culture. Result: The authors achieved the following results within the study: A wider notions of church and state were introduced demonstrating the similarity of some of their functions: offering moral guidance for social well-being; historic doctrinal models “caesaropapism”, “papocaesarism” and “symphony(concordance) of powers” were identified and characterized alongside with their secular counterparts - separation and cooperation models of church-state relationship. In conclusion of the article the urgent need for the transition of church-state relationship from political to social and cultural spheres was justified. Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of Socio-Cultural Interaction Forms of Church and State on the Example of the Russian Orthodox Church is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.

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«ГОСПОДСТВЕННАЯ ВЛАСТЬ» VS ДУШЕПОПЕЧЕНИЕ: ПРАКТИКА ИСПОВЕДИ В РУССКОЙ ДУХОВНОЙ ТРАДИЦИИ СИНОДАЛЬНОГО ПЕРИОДА

10.34739/clit.2020.14.06 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 71-84

Author(s):

Алексей Черный

Keyword(s):

Sixteenth Century ◽

Russian Orthodox ◽

Orthodox Church ◽

Mutual Trust ◽

Modern Life ◽

Russian Orthodox Church ◽

Pastoral Identity ◽

Personal Interaction ◽

History Of ◽

The Church

The article attempts to reconstruct various pastoral models that appeared in the history of the Russian Orthodox Church over several centuries. The author identifies several "images" of confession, which are very different, among them: the realization of "despotical" power in a "confessional" family of the sixteenth century, the fulfillment of conscription, deeply personal interaction based on mutual trust and the value of a hierarchical aspect, counseling under the guidance of a "parish elder". The state, depending on the circumstances, either embeds the pastor in itself as a necessary part of its own mechanism, or considers the priesthood as a foreign element, or completely distances itself from religious affairs. The author suggests that the “types” of confession presented in the article can be compared with the forms of pastoral self-consciousness to be found in the modern life of the church. This in turn suggests that in the Russian Church today is characterized by the search for pastoral identity, in which the priesthood plays a key role.

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DIOCESAN LIFE OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH IN THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION AT THE TURN OF THE XIX-XX CENTURIES: ANALYSIS OF SOURCES

10.18287/978-5-6046110-3-6-2021-62-70 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 62-70

Author(s):

A.V. Mendyukov

Keyword(s):

Social Life ◽

Regional Level ◽

Volga Region ◽

Russian Orthodox ◽

Orthodox Church ◽

Russian Orthodox Church ◽

Middle Volga Region ◽

Middle Volga ◽

The Church

The article analyzes sources on the Church and social life of the dioceses of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Middle Volga region at the turn of the XIX-XX centuries. The main sources and their significance for the study of this topic are considered. The author believes that the corpus of sources needs a detailed and thorough study, as it represents a large and yet poorly studied array of information, especially at the regional level.

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The Relations between the Russian Orthodox Church and the Soviet State in Central Asia in the 1940s - Mid 1960s (Illustrated by the Example of the Tashkent Deanery)

Izvestiya of Altai State University ◽

10.14258/izvasu(2020)5-07 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 52-56

Author(s):

Yu.N. Tsyryapkina

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

The State ◽

Russian Orthodox ◽

Orthodox Church ◽

Russian Orthodox Church ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Soviet State ◽

Property Relations ◽

Central Asian ◽

The Church

In this article the author examines state-church relations in Central Asia in the 1940s - mid 1960s illustrated by the example of the Tashkent Deanery during the period of the development of the Russian Orthodox Church under the patronage of the institute of state commissioners for the Russian Orthodox Church. On the basis of an analysis of unpublished archival sources, the author describes the process of reconstruction of parishes on the territory of the Tashkent and Central Asian dioceses, analyzes the economic and property relations between the state and the church, and the financial activities of the Orthodox parishes of the Tashkent deanery. The author focuses on issues related to the staff of Orthodox priests assigned to parishes, their level of education. The author briefly touches on the problem of Catholics and representatives of the Armenian Gregorian Church, who were not allowed to establish houses of prayer. The article provides statistics of the rituals requested in Tashkent in the context of the Assumption Cathedral and the Alexander Nevsky Church. The author comes to the conclusion that the demand for Orthodox rituals in the churches of Tashkent was associated with the high proportion of the Russian population living in the capital.

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Eurasianists on the Role of Orthodoxy and the Church in the National State Development of Russia

RUDN Journal of Russian History ◽

10.22363/2312-8674-2020-19-1-254-268 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 254-268

Author(s):

Sergey V. Bazavluk

Keyword(s):

Political Identity ◽

Roman Catholic ◽

Russian Orthodox ◽

Orthodox Church ◽

Russian Orthodox Church ◽

Catholic Culture ◽

History Of ◽

New Type ◽

The Church

The author analyzes the ideological views of a group of Russian migrants of the fi rst wave, known as Eurasianists, including N.S. Trubetskoy, P.N. Savitsky, N.N. Alekseeva, L.N. Karsavina and others. The author discusses fundamental elements of the classical Eurasianist program, such as the role of the Orthodox Church and the state in the life of Russia and its society, their attitude to Roman Catholic culture, and their place in dialogue with other religions. In addition, other important elements of Eurasianism noted here are the ideas of pan-Eurasian nationalism, ideocracy, the spatial borders of Russia-Eurasia, the symphonic personality, a guarantee state. These issues are associated directly with the authors of these concepts and with Eurasianism in general. The author demonstrates the continuity with the teachings of the Slavophiles and highlights the special attention that the Eurasians paid to the traditional cultures of Russia. Also noted is the interest in Eurasianism of church circles in exile in Europe. At the same time, the Eurasianists’ critical vies on the “Petersburg period” in the history of the Russian church are highlighted, which are also implicit in Eurasianism as an independent ideological and philosophical line of thought of Russian emigration in the fi rst half of the twentieth century. An attempt is made to show how, through conservative thought, Eurasians tried to form a new type of political identity. This ideological direction with an emphasis on spirituality and special institutions was considered by Eurasians as a prototype of the future statehood of Russia as opposed to the Soviet-Marxist system. In the context of the contemporary Eurasian integration (EAEU), of the current role of the Russian Orthodox Church and external political manipulations around the role of the Moscow Patriarchate, the theoretical views of the Eurasians take on a new dimension.

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