Radiation pollution as a threat to the environmental security of the Russia

The topic of the article is relevant — the problem of radioactive waste management, since the task of increasing the level of security of organizations of the country’s nuclear power-industrial complexes is one of the priorities for ensuring state and public security in the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation. The growth of radioactive waste is a hazard to human health and the environment. The state needs a unified regulation of the radioactive waste management policy and prevention of radioactive disasters.

Discerning Poland’s Contemporary Strategic Culture: An analysis of the 2020 National Security Strategy of the Republic of Poland

The article analyses the Polish government’s recently published National Security Strategy in an attempt to discern the broad outlines of the strategic culture within Poland’s strategic community. The article adopts a ‘fourth generation’ approach to the conception of strategic culture, which posits that there are often rival subcultures within strategic communities, which can often result in dramatic shifts in a state’s security policies over time. There is a brief discussion of how conflicting subcultures can be identified in Poland’s foreign policies in the past before the article discusses what Poland’s current Strategy reveals about the strategic culture of today’s decision-makers. It broadly argues that there are obvious continuities in Poland’s security policies, notably in terms of how the Russian Federation is regarded as a hostile state and the degree to which NATO and the EU serve to strengthen Poland’s security. It is also possible to see more minor shifts in Poland’s security policies in recent years, such as a renewed emphasis on territorial defence and a willingness to align itself with several states which are relatively antagonistic towards the EU.

RUSSIA IN THE UK NATIONAL SECURITY STRATEGY

The unsatisfactory state of Russian-UK relations should be considered not so much in a bilateral format as in the context of global change in the balance of power. It is necessary to take into account not only the factor of Britain's exit from the EU and Britain's search for its place in the world, but also the traditions and principles of the United Kingdom's foreign policy throughout history. The new National Security Strategy of Britain (March 2021) is integrated, for the first time including in a single concept traditional areas of defense and security, as well as aid to development and foreign policy. The author analyzes the evolution of approaches to the content and the implementation of London's foreign policy strategy after Brexit in the light of its significance for Russian-UK relations.

The US Defense Economy

The United States defence economy is remarkable for a number of reasons - including sheer size. It receives a significant (albeit decreasing) share of GDP and has a significant international footprint. Its purpose is to provide the resources for national defence - against a set of complex and capable adversaries. The main players in the defence economy are households, and the Federal Government. The associated interactions determine the resources provided for national defence and their allocation among various defence needs. This Element focuses primarily on interactions between government and industrial suppliers within the institutional peculiarities of the defence marketplace. This includes the developments that have determined the course of defence industry consolidation post-Cold War. The authors also highlight the persistent gap between resources available for defence and the means to execute the National Security Strategy. Finally, they offer some tentative thoughts regarding developments likely to shape the defence economy's future.

Post-industrial development and the nature of deindustrialization in the world economy and economic security of Russia

The article evaluates the world experience of post-industrial development and deindustrialization in the economies of both developed and developing countries. The significance of the crisis of the post-industrial paradigm for the development of the world economy is indicated. The importance of applying this experience in the process of import substitution and the unfolding reindustrialization in Russia. The analysis of the world experience of post-industrial development and deindustrialization of the economy, its macro-regional features is carried out in the context of maintaining and developing Russia's economic security. The author's understanding of the problems and prospects of the development of import substitution and reindustrialization processes in theworld is proposed. Import substitution is considered as part of the country's economic development and national security strategy.

Prerequisites for the Formation of the Anti-Corruption Security Theory in the Russian Federation

Security is one of the basic needs of the individual, society and the state, as well as an integral condition for their development. Corruption is among the threats to the national security of the Russian Federation, as it follows from the National Security Strategy approved by Presidential Decree No. 683 of 31.12.2015. The significant efforts made by the state since the mid‑2000s to form and improve social, legal and organizational mechanisms for combating corruption consistently lead to positive results. At the same time, we have to state that corruption continues to cause irreparable harm to public relations, creates an atmosphere of social tension in society. It is no coincidence that the new National Security Strategy, approved by Presidential Decree No. 400 of 02.07.2021, emphasizes the need of society to strengthen the fight against corruption. The high rates of development of anti-corruption legislation, as well as the institutionalization of anti-corruption structures, have led to the formation of natural intra-system contradictions that hinder the further sustainable development of anti-corruption activities. The emerging trends of stagnation of the anti-corruption system actualize the search for qualitatively new fundamental scientific developments that allow us to reach a new level of intersectoral scientific understanding and development of anti-corruption mechanisms. The current stage of the development of scientific knowledge about the phenomena of corruption and security, as well as the relevant anti-corruption and security systems, allows us to identify sufficient prerequisites for the beginning of the development of the theory of anti-corruption security, which contains methodological approaches to ensuring personal, state and global anti-corruption security

DIRECTIONS FOR IMPROVING THE CONCEPT OF STATE SOVEREIGNTY IN THE CONDITIONS OF REAL MULTIPOLARITY

The purpose of the article is to emphasise the main directions for improving the concept of State sovereignty and to analyse the system of concepts, terms and scientific categories of State theory and law, taking into account the provisions of the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation in the context of globalization and localization processes. The author used a historical approach as well as methods of analysis, observation, formal legal method. The understanding of the word globalization as synonym of Americanization and Westernization has been transformed into multi-vectoral and multipolar. In order to study State-legal reality in the new context, it is proposed to outline the ways of improving the traditional concept of State sovereignty in terms of the use of the categories of legalistic and de facto State sovereignty. The problem of updating issues directly related to the strengthening of Russian State sovereignty and the creation of a reliable system of guarantees of State sovereignty, as defined in the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation, was analysed. The conclusion reached is that a new, real multipolarity is now forming, and the States should build a system for the continuous monitoring of existing and imminent various risks and challenges, threatening the sovereignty of the State. All this points to the need of improving the system of effective guarantees of State sovereignty, taking into account the realization of human and civil rights and freedoms in the Russian Federation.

German foreign policy will struggle under coalition

Significance On foreign policy, the three parties are rhetorically committed to adopting a tougher stance towards China and other authoritarian countries. However, they differ on what this might involve and the relative threats posed by China and Russia. To enhance foreign policy coordination, in an unprecedented three-party coalition, they have agreed to draft a national security strategy. Impacts EU approval of the investment deal with China will not progress until China ends anti-EU sanctions, which seems unlikely. Climate change is now the main concern for German voters, which will put pressure on the government to take appropriate measures. Germany’s policy towards public investment and fiscal policy will be less dogmatic, both domestically and at the EU level.