scholarly journals Stone and iron: economic interactivity at the Roman rural site of Châbles (Fribourg, Switzerland)

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Anderson Timothy J.
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Rural Site ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Wooden House ◽  
Current Article

The current article presents the analysis of the rural Roman complex of Châbles excavated in the Canton of Fribourg, Switzerland. The site dates to the first century AD and comprises four contemporary features: a small quarry (grès coquillier) serving to extract rotary querns; a segment of a major road six metres wide; a smithy characterised by workshop sheltering a hearth and numerous slag, metal cuttings and hammer scales; and traces (postholes) of a modest wooden house. The study focuses on the economic interactivity of the site’s different elements.

Monastic Patronage and Temple Building in Contemporary Sri Lanka: Caste, Ritual Performance, and Merit

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 769-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFREY SAMUELS
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
First Century ◽  
Religious Experiences ◽  
Ritual Performance ◽  
The Past ◽  
Caste Discrimination ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Lay Buddhists ◽  
Monastic Patronage

The current article examines temple building and shifting monastic patronage in twentieth and twenty-first century Sri Lanka. Drawing heavily on fieldwork conducted in two separate upcountry villages over the past five years, the author argues that far from passively accepting the failings of local monastics, lay Buddhists are actively and directly involved in shaping their own religious experiences. In examining closely numerous conversations centered on temple construction, this article pays particular attention to how notions about ideal ritual performance, caste discrimination, and merit-making provide lay donors with the needed impetus for building new monastic institutions and, thus, establishing a choice of temple patronage where little or no such choice previously existed.

Intercity Relations in Roman Palestine: The Case of Sepphoris and Tiberias

AJS Review ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart S Miller
Keyword(s):  
First Century ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Roman Palestine

Sepphoris and Tiberias were the most important administrative and rabbinic centers of Roman Galilee. The two cities had much in common: both were associated with Herod Antipas, who rebuilt Sepphoris sometime after a futile revolt in 4 B.C.E. and still later founded Tiberias; both had jurisdiction over the bank and archives of Galilee at various times during the first century; both had pro-Roman factions in the First Revolt, though that of Sepphoris was more influential; both maintained Hellenistic institutions and minted coins; both were connected by the major road built by Hadrian from Acco to the Sea of Galilee;5 both would eventually become home to the Sanhedrin and the patriarchal house; both maintained communities ofpriests associated with a particular mishmar (priestly course), and finally, both attracted many prominent tannaim and amoraim who establishednoted academies.

Külpe’s Imageless But Visionary Idea: That Vivid Visual Images Are “Centrally Excited Sensations” Which Are Constructed From “Imageless Thoughts”

2020 ◽  
pp. 027623662094101
Author(s):  
Robert Kunzendorf
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
First Century ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Twenty First Century

In the current article, Section 1 begins with the reconsideration of Külpe’s late-nineteenth-century thesis that all problem solving is based on “imageless thoughts,” from which conscious images are constructed by vivid imagers but not by non-imagers. Section 2 proceeds by reconsidering Bühler’s refined thesis that conscious images are constructed from imageless rules, and by considering the present author’s auxiliary thesis that constructed images serve to test newly developed rules for parsing percepts and generating images. Section 3 concludes by reconsidering Külpe’s psychophysiological thesis that vivid visual images are “centrally excited sensations” which are centrifugally constructed on the retina, in accordance with generative rules in the cortex. Twentieth and twenty-first century evidence in support of these theses is summarized throughout the article, in the hope that Külpe’s visionary thoughts lead to further research and testing.

Encultured minds, not error reduction minds

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Mirski ◽  
Mark H. Bickhard ◽  
David Eck ◽  
Arkadiusz Gut
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Error Reduction ◽  
Energy Principle ◽  
Free Energy Principle ◽  
Current Article

Abstract There are serious theoretical problems with the free-energy principle model, which are shown in the current article. We discuss the proposed model's inability to account for culturally emergent normativities, and point out the foundational issues that we claim this inability stems from.

Noise-Induced Balance Loss? Rethinking Clinical Implications of Noise Exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 1418-1422
Author(s):  
Bre Myers ◽  
J. Andrew Dundas
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular System ◽  
Noise Exposure ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Scope Of Practice ◽  
Hearing Conservation ◽  
Exposed Population ◽  
Auditory Systems ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Balance Loss ◽  
Cross System

Purpose The primary aim of the current article is to provide a brief review of the literature regarding the effects of noise exposure on the vestibular and balance control systems. Although the deleterious effects of noise on the auditory system are widely known and continue to be an active area of research, much less is known regarding the effects of noise on the peripheral vestibular system. Audiologists with working knowledge of how both systems interact and overlap are better prepared to provide comprehensive care to more patients as assessment of both the auditory and vestibular systems has been in the audiologists' scope of practice since 1992. Method A narrative review summarizes salient findings from the archival literature. Results Temporary and permanent effects on vestibular system function have been documented in multiple studies. Hearing conservation, vestibular impairment, and fall risk reduction may be more intimately related than previously considered. Conclusions A full appreciation of both the vestibular and auditory systems is necessary to address the growing and aging noise-exposed population. More cross-system studies are needed to further define the complex relationship between the auditory and vestibular systems to improve comprehensive patient care.

First-Person Experiments in Thinking

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renatus Ziegler ◽  
Ulrich Weger
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
The Self ◽  
First Person ◽  
Psychological Phenomena ◽  
Third Person ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Thinking Process ◽  
Mental Contents

Abstract. In psychology, thinking is typically studied in terms of a range of behavioral or physiological parameters, focusing, for instance, on the mental contents or the neuronal correlates of the thinking process proper. In the current article, by contrast, we seek to complement this approach with an exploration into the experiential or inner dimensions of thinking. These are subtle and elusive and hence easily escape a mode of inquiry that focuses on externally measurable outcomes. We illustrate how a sufficiently trained introspective approach can become a radar for facets of thinking that have found hardly any recognition in the literature so far. We consider this an important complement to third-person research because these introspective observations not only allow for new insights into the nature of thinking proper but also cast other psychological phenomena in a new light, for instance, attention and the self. We outline and discuss our findings and also present a roadmap for the reader interested in studying these phenomena in detail.

Confound It!

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 855-867 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Kulas ◽  
Rachael Klahr ◽  
Lindsey Knights
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Method Effect ◽  
Coding Method ◽  
The Social ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Method Factors ◽  
Psychological Inventory

Abstract. Many investigators have noted “reverse-coding” method factors when exploring response pattern structure with psychological inventory data. The current article probes for the existence of a confound in these investigations, whereby an item’s level of saturation with socially desirable content tends to covary with the item’s substantive scale keying. We first investigate its existence, demonstrating that 15 of 16 measures that have been previously implicated as exhibiting a reverse-scoring method effect can also be reasonably characterized as exhibiting a scoring key/social desirability confound. A second set of analyses targets the extent to which the confounding variable may confuse interpretation of factor analytic results and documents strong social desirability associations. The results suggest that assessment developers perhaps consider the social desirability scale value of indicators when constructing scale aggregates (and possibly scales when investigating inter-construct associations). Future investigations would ideally disentangle the confound via experimental manipulation.

Improving Body Satisfaction

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolien Martijn ◽  
Jessica M. Alleva ◽  
Anita Jansen
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Body Dissatisfaction ◽  
Automatic System ◽  
Body Satisfaction ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Women And Girls

Feelings of body dissatisfaction are common in Western society, especially in women and girls. More than innocent discontent, body dissatisfaction can have serious consequences such as depression and eating disorders. The current article discusses the nature of body dissatisfaction, how it develops and how it is currently being treated. We also discuss novel strategies to increase body satisfaction that work on the automatic system (e.g., by retraining attentional and conditioning processes), since recent research suggests that appearance-related information is processed automatically. We suggest that extant methods should be combined with these novel strategies, in order to optimally improve body dissatisfaction and to prevent its detrimental consequences.

Cognitive Functioning and Other Discriminatory Variables in Anorexic Patients

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 191-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen García-Alba
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functioning ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Model Synthesis ◽  
Consistent Function ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Rorschach Variables ◽  
Underlying Pathology

This study is part of a larger research study (doctoral dissertation), in which a comparative study with adolescent samples is done: 50 anorexic restricting patients (ANP), 50 patients diagnosed with depression (DP) and 50 non patients (NP). The proposed objective is two-fold: 1) To try to clarify the existing relationship between Anorexia (AN) and Depression (D), investigated from diverse disciplines but without conclusive results. 2) To detect in the ANP personality different traits from those of other groups, which should, if possible, allow to detect them at an early stage for an adequate prognosis. The current article presents the Rorschach findings in relation to the cognitive functioning of the ANP. In them, the following has been detected: (1) An information processing similar to that of the other groups, even with a more complete (L ≤ .99), more complex (DQ+↑) and better discriminated (Zd↑) grasp of the stimulus; (2) Mediating processes very similar to those of the other groups, sharing with them the perceptive maladjustments (X–%↑) and an excessive individualism (Xu%↑); (3) A clearly differentiating ideation disorder. Definitely, the ANP use predominantly ideation (M↑), but their thought, usually well-adjusted (MQo↑), presents eventual operations of delusional type (MQnone↑). Above that, their thinking is marked by a great passivity (Mp↑), which makes them more vulnerable to accept ideas without criticizing them and it results in a very inefficient thinking, which spins around these concepts without finding solutions, entering into a sort of ruminating which is completely unproductive. The differences toward the obsessive pathology are established. The discriminant analysis conducted with all the Rorschach variables that resulted as significant throughout the research, provides quite a consistent function which discriminates the ANP: MQnone↑, Mp↑, FD↓, Ma↑, MQo↑, AdjD↑, Sum H↑, (H)↑. Based on this we can understand that these adolescents, being in a developmental period of big changes and disorientations in relation with their own image, confronted with life events, and possibly starting off with some biologic vulnerability: (1) Due to the alterations of their ideation, accept without criticism (Mp) irrational ideas dominating in our culture, in which slimness appears as the only model, synthesis of intelligence, beauty and success; remaining captured in this type of mental activity (MQnone), which they cannot escape nor criticize (Mp), despite they reason adequately on other topics (MQo); (2) Their alterations of self-perception [(H)] make them hide themselves in a fantasized image, which is the axis of their interests and the only thing that really matters to them; (3) The resources they have to decide on behaviors and to finish these deliberately (AdjD), and their scarce tendency to the introspection (FD) lead to their decision of not eating, based on distorted and passively accepted thinking, which has great power and thus, so difficult to modify. Finally, based on the Rorschach data obtained, the hypothesis of a personality disorder as underlying pathology is pointed out.

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