The Reorganisation of the Company

2000 ◽  
pp. 229-254
Author(s):  
Peter N. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
West African ◽  
World War ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
A Company ◽  
Second World ◽  
Successes And Failures

This chapter documents the establishment of Elder Dempster Lines Limited, a company under the control of Richard Holt, and follows the fluctuations in West African imports and exports in the 1930s. It examines the successes and failures of Elder Dempster in this period by assessing shipping tonnage and financial results, and comparing the data to the growth of rival lines. The chapter concludes with an introduction of Elder Dempster’s entry into commercial aviation as Elders Colonial Airways Limited, a venture that came to an end in the 1940s due to the outbreak of the Second World War.

Post-War Reconstruction

2000 ◽  
pp. 273-296
Author(s):  
Peter N. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
West African ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Freight Rates ◽  
Company Limited ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
Trade Market

This chapter describes the reconstruction of Elder Dempster’s company structure and development after the Second World War. It states the company’s losses in terms of vessels and staff, and assesses the changes made in management and head office accommodation in order to allow Elder Dempster to meet the level of success it had achieved in the early 20th Century. The chapter also addresses the changing composition of the West African trade after the war, which included alterations in the determination of freight rates; the extension of the West African Lines Conference; and the intrusion of Scandinavian lines into the West African trade market. The chapter concludes with Elder Dempster’s purchase of the British and Burmese Steam Navigation Company Limited.

The New Ju-Ju: Ijo Masquerades and the Office of War Information in Second World War Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 002200942091471
Author(s):  
Caroline Angle
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Second World War ◽  
West African ◽  
Indigenous Community ◽  
Spiritual Power ◽  
World War ◽  
Model Aircraft ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
Second World ◽  
Insight Into

In May and June 1943, a photographer with the American Office of War Information (OWI) photographed West African men who he identified as ‘witch doctors’ engaging in masquerade dances dedicated to water spirits. However, rather than the typical aquatic-themed headgear, these ‘witch doctors’ wore model planes – reproductions of British, French, and American aircraft. The photographs and their captions constructed a narrative of a ‘new ju-ju’, in which an indigenous community incorporated model aircraft into their traditional masquerades in order to reflect upon and support the power of Allied armies, which had supplanted their previous notions of spiritual power. However, despite their absurd and over-contrived captions, these photos were never published, demonstrating that the narrative of ‘new ju-ju’ was too complex to fit within the standard propagandistic narrative of widespread Allied support. This fascinating story provides insight into how indigenous communities in Nigeria coped with massive societal changes throughout the Second World War period, reveals the constructed narratives of American wartime propaganda, and, overall, demonstrates the uncontrollable nature of photographs as sources that insist upon revealing distinctive forms of agency and telling their own stories.

Failures in Foreign Policy

Worldview ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 9-11
Author(s):  
Edward H. Buehrig
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Indiana University ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Margin Of Error ◽  
American Policy ◽  
American Diplomacy ◽  
Second World ◽  
Successes And Failures

Though we have been on the winning side of the two major wars of this century, American diplomacy has not been equally clear-cut in its results. Dealing as it does with the imponderables of history, it is in the nature of diplomacy to be blurred both in its successes and failures. Yet the frustration that we have known cannot be dismissed merely on the ground that one must allow for a margin of error and hope for the best.American policy between the wars was a fiasco of monumental proportions. That the failure was one of omission rather than commission in no way exonerates us from a measure of responsibility for the outbreak of the second World War. We reaped the consequences of our own folly. Mr. Buehrig is professor of government at Indiana University.

scholarly journals The miracle (and mirage) of Mexican flight: Aviation development in Mexico, during and after the Second World War

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-43
Author(s):  
Peter Soland
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Cultural Stereotypes ◽  
Commercial Aviation ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Post War ◽  
Aviation Network ◽  
Second World

This paper explores the development of Mexican commercial aviation (and more specifically the trajectory of Compañía Mexicana de Aviación) against the background of Mexico’s Second World War alliance with the USA and its post-war economic expansion. USA foreign aid allowed Mexican president Manuel Ávila Camacho (1940–46) to further develop the country’s aviation network and personnel. The Second World War’s disruption of tourism allowed Mexico to reap the benefits of a rapidly growing vacation industry. The election of Miguel Aléman in 1946 reinforced commercial aviation and tourism as crucial, co-dependent elements in modernising the country and making Compañía Mexicana de Aviación a symbol of national progress. Although the Second World War emerges as a crucial point in the development of Mexican aviation, the same processes that buoyed commercial airlines also reinforced cultural stereotypes that were exploited for USA tourists and masked reckless financial decisions that nearly bankrupted Compañía Mexicana de Aviación’s in late 1950s.

Conclusion

1999 ◽  
pp. 231-232
Author(s):  
Diane Frost
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Second World War ◽  
West African ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
West African Coast ◽  
The Face ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

The Kru communities of Freetown and Liverpool emerged in response to, and as a consequence of, British maritime interests. Kru were actively encouraged to leave their Liberian homeland and migrate to Freetown, where they came to constitute an important part of its maritime trade. The Kru formed a significant nucleus of Freetown’s seafarers, as well as the majority of ships’ labourers or ‘Krooboys’ that were recruited to work the West African coast. The occupational niche that the Kru eventually came to occupy in Britain’s colonial trade with West Africa had important social repercussions. The Kru were labelled as unusually competent maritime workers by shipowners and colonial administrators, and the Kru encouraged this label for obvious expedient reasons. The gradual build-up of the Kru’s dominance in shipping during the nineteenth century and until the Second World War contrasts sharply with their position in the post-war period. The breaking down of their occupational niche due to circumstances beyond their control had direct social consequences on the nature of their community. Whilst many Kru clubs and societies depended on seafaring for their very existence, the demise of shipping undermined such societies’ ability to survive in the face of increasing unemployment and poverty....

The Trade Makers

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter N. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Second World War ◽  
West African ◽  
World War ◽  
Shipping Company ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Great War ◽  
Second World ◽  
Group Part

This journal reprints the history of the Elder Dempster company by Peter N. Davies, from 1852-1972, originally published in 1973. It includes an additional chapter, also by Peter Davies, on the history of the company from 1973-1989, covering its decline and final years. The purpose is to describe and analyse the economic history of the Elder Dempster shipping company and its predecessors, and provide an account of West African and British economic backgrounds. The journal is divided into five parts, each concerning a different era in the company’s history. Part 1 covers the formation of the African Steam Ship Company, which would eventually merge and become Elder Dempster; Part 2 covers the expansion of Elder Dempster and the partnership with Alfred Lewis Jones; Part 3 explores major historical events and their impact on Elder Dempster, including the Great War, the transition from war to peace, and the end of the Royal Mail group; Part 4 concerns the establishment of Elder Dempster Lines Limited, the emergence of successful rival companies, the Second World War and post-war reconstruction, and prediction for the company for the 1970s and beyond, as this part concluded the first edition of the history; Part 5 is a retrospective look at the 1970s and 1980s, and tracks the decline of Elder Dempster and the evolution of the Ocean Group.

The Remploy Resource

1986 ◽  
Vol 86 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 7-9
Author(s):  
Tom Jeffries
Keyword(s):  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Meaningful Work ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
World War ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Marketing Operation ◽  
A Company ◽  
Second World

Remploy was set up in 1944 to provide meaningful work for those wounded in the Second World War within a company created to cater for their special needs with the financial and social benefits that employment brings. The company has built a thriving business based on providing a range of invaluable services to British commerce, industry and the Health Service. It used three groups of workers in packaging and assembly, furniture and medical equipment, and leather and textile products. In 1981 Remploy dropped its national marketing operation in favour of a policy which devolved more responsibility from headquarters to its front‐line management. The work and success of the packaging and assembly group is discussed in the context of this flexible approach.

The Second World War

2000 ◽  
pp. 255-272
Author(s):  
Peter N. Davies
Keyword(s):  
West Africa ◽  
Second World War ◽  
West African ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Second World

This chapter discusses the effects of the Second World War on the British shipping industry. It provides an analysis of the loss of seamen and vessels in comparison to the previous world war, and describes the subsequent trading conditions of West Africa. It also presents the establishment of the West African Co-Ordination Committee, formed by Elder Dempster, John Holt and the United Africa Company and comments on their actions made on behalf of the Ministry of War Transport in 1940.

Władysław Dziadoń, the Kraków ‘King of Shoes’

Costume ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-91
Author(s):  
Joanna Regina Kowalska
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
National Museum ◽  
World War ◽  
High Quality ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Communist State ◽  
Private Collection ◽  
Resistance Movement ◽  
A Company ◽  
Second World

The Kraków shoemaker Władysław Dziadoń was called the king of shoes among citizens of Kraków. He worked in shoemaking between the years 1920 and 1955. His dream was to create a company of comparable significance to the Czechoslovakian Bata shoe company. During the years of the German occupation in the Second World War, he provided support to the resistance movement, without giving up the business of producing shoes. While he was hopeful that after the war he would be able to realize his dreams and aspirations, the conditions of a totalitarian state and the communist economy meant that these plans were never able to materialize. He was persecuted by the communist state, and in 1955 he had to close his shoe company. In the collections of the National Museum in Kraków there are thirty pairs of shoes made by his company, another three pairs are preserved in a private collection. This high-quality footwear is the only material legacy of Władysław Dziadoń's skills as a producer of shoes. This article illustrates the fate of a shoemaker and entrepreneur in the era of the German occupation (1939–1945) and Stalinism (1945–1955).

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