The Design of a Hinged Tanker

1967 ◽  
Vol 4 (03) ◽  
pp. 219-231
Author(s):  
J. W. Boylston ◽  
W. A. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Model Tests ◽  
Wave Action ◽  
Suez Canal ◽  
Simple Solution ◽  
Ship Motions ◽  
Bending Moments ◽  
Small Increment ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
The Cost

This paper outlines the thinking behind the decisions that went into the design of a proposed Suez Canal tanker. To make the ship as big as possible, while meeting the constraints of the canal, it is designed with a hinged hull. This arrangement permits an increase in size while also reducing the cost and weight of the structural hull. An analysis of wave action shows that horizontal bending moments become dominant in establishing scantlings. The problem of designing a suitable hinge is discussed and a relatively simple solution proposed. Model tests indicate that only a 5 to 6-percent increase in resistance is experienced because of the hinge configuration. Further refinements in design could reduce even this small increment. Tests in waves indicate that hinged-ship motions will be greater than those of a nonhinged ship of similar dimensions.

scholarly journals An Optimized Mathematical Model for Items Supplies Planning of a Logistic System

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ali Nasiri Khalili ◽  
Mostafa Kafaei Razavi ◽  
Morteza Kafaee Razavi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Multiple Objective Decision Making ◽  
System Requirements ◽  
Purchasing Logistics ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
First Time

Items supplies planning of a logistic system is one of the major issue in operations research. In this article the aim is to determine how much of each item per month from each supplier logistics system requirements must be provided. To do this, a novel multi objective mixed integer programming mathematical model is offered for the first time. Since in logistics system, delivery on time is very important, the first objective is minimization of time in delivery on time costs (including lack and maintenance costs) and the cost of purchasing logistics system. The second objective function is minimization of the transportation supplier costs. Solving the mathematical model shows how to use the Multiple Objective Decision Making (MODM) can provide the ensuring policy and transportation logistics needed items. This model is solved with CPLEX and computational results show the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Lessons from Emma Maersk Flooding – February 2013

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chilukuri Maheshwar
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Suez Canal ◽  
Container Ship ◽  
Engine Room ◽  
Mechanical Breakdown ◽  
Engine Cylinder ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Main Engine

In February 2013, in the 2005 built 15500 TEU 397m long container ship EMMA MÆRSK a severe leakage occurred in as it was passing southbound through the Suez Canal. The leakage occurred due to mechanical breakdown of a stern thruster causing flooding of the shaft tunnel and filling up the engine room with 14000 m³ of seawater within a span of two hours, submerging the main engine cylinder heads-level equal to the outside water draft of 15.1 m. The cost of repairs and loss of revenue for six months amounted to a few million dollars. This paper highlights some of the lessons learned from this incident.

Mathematical Modeling and Analysis of Covid-19 Infection spreads in India with Restricted Optimal Treatment on Disease Incidence

BIOMATH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 2106147
Author(s):  
Debkumar Pal ◽  
D Ghosh ◽  
P K Santra ◽  
G S Mahapatra
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Treatment Control ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
The Basic Reproduction Number

This paper presents the current situation and how to minimize its effect in India through a mathematical model of infectious Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This model consists of six compartments to population classes consisting of susceptible, exposed, home quarantined, government quarantined, infected individuals in treatment, and recovered class. The basic reproduction number is calculated, and the stabilities of the proposed model at the disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium are observed. The next crucial treatment control of the Covid-19 epidemic model is presented in India's situation. An objective function is considered by incorporating the optimal infected individuals and the cost of necessary treatment. Finally, optimal control is achieved that minimizes our anticipated objective function. Numerical observations are presented utilizing MATLAB software to demonstrate the consistency of present-day representation from a realistic standpoint.

scholarly journals A Scorecard to Detect Financial Leverage Profitability

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Laura Broccardo ◽  
Luisa Tibiletti ◽  
Pertti Vilpas
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
External Financing ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
The Cost

This study investigates how balancing internal and external financing sources can create economic value. We set a financial scorecard, consisting of the Cost of Debt (COD), Return on Investment (ROI), and the Cost of Equity (COE). We show that COE should be a cap for COD and a floor for ROI in order to increase the Net Present Value at Weighted Average Cost of Capital and the Adjusted Present Value of the levered investment. However, leverage should be carefully monitored if COD and ROI go off the grid. Situations where leverage has the opposite effect on value creation and the Equity Internal Rate of Return are also discussed. Illustrative examples are given. The proposed model aims to help corporate management in financial decisions.

The Finnish Climate Change Act: Architecture, Functions, and Challenges

Climate Law ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 301-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismo Pölönen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Dynamic Features ◽  
Policy Choices ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Public Scrutiny ◽  
The Cost

The article examines the key features and functions of the proposed Finnish Climate Change Act (fcca). It also analyses the legal implications of the Act and the qualities and factors which may limit its effectiveness. The paper argues that, despite its weak legal implications, the fcca would provide the regulatory preconditions for higher-quality climate policy-making in Finland, and it has the capacity to play an important role in national climate policy. The fcca would deliver regulatory foundations for systematic and integrated climate policy-making, also enabling wide public scrutiny. The proposed model leaves room for manifold climate-policy choices in varying societal and economical contexts. The cost of dynamic features is the relalow predictability in terms of sectorial paths on emission reductions. Another relevant challenge relates to the intended preparation of overlapping mid-term energy and climate plans with instruments of the fcca.

An Efficient Single-Screw 11 000 TEU Containership: The Suez Max SS

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (04) ◽  
pp. 219-232
Author(s):  
B. J. Rosello ◽  
A. N. Perakis
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Suez Canal ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Single Screw ◽  
Economical Design ◽  
Initial Stability ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost

The ability to transport containers with the least cost at currently required service speeds of approximately 25 knots to maintain a regular operating schedule is the goal of every post-panamax containership operator. The desire to carry more containers is driven by several economies of scale and their implications, which allow for significant savings. A single-screw containership, the Suez Max SS, is designed and evaluated against existing designs that include the P & O Nedlloyd Southhampton, Maersk S-Class, and the twin-screw Suez Max, which is a concept vessel. The containerships are compared using several different ratios and a cost per 20-ft equivalent unit (TEU) evaluation. The design of the Suez Max SS was built to the maximum draft currently allowed by the Suez Canal Authority. An initial stability analysis is performed that utilizes five different container loading conditions. A cost analysis that involves capital, operating, port, and fuel costs and Suez Canal fees is also completed. The four vessels are evaluated on a round-trip schedule between the ports of Rotterdam and Singapore with the same voyage characteristics and conditions. The Suez Max SS is found to be a more economical design with savings of approximately 25% over the existing vessels and a 15% savings over the concept vessel evaluated in the cost analysis. The Suez Max SS utilizes its economies of scale and the advantages of a two-port schedule that allow it to be such a cost-efficient design.

Proposed model of all optical reversible and irreversible modules on a single photonic circuit

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritvik Shukla ◽  
Salini Bose ◽  
Shubham Shukla ◽  
Kamal Kishor Upadhyay ◽  
Nikhlesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Electrical Signal ◽  
Optical Channel ◽  
Nonlinear Properties ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Photonic Circuit ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Audio Video ◽  
Logic Unit

AbstractIn the current era of data communication everyone deals with the huge amount of data in form of text, audio, video and different other formats in which everyone want a secure and higher bandwidth channel to transmit and receive so, only the optical channel provides the solution of above said problem. The only difficulty with the existing model that the data from electrical domain first converted in form of light (optical domain) at the transmission end while after receiving the data at the receiver end it will be further converted in form of electrical signal for extracting the message. This type of conversion from one domain to other gives the energy loss. In the current research article, we proposed a model of optical processor which transmit and receive the data without conversion which provides an energy efficient optical technology. By adding reversibility, heat bender can be further reduced. In this manuscript, an arithmetical logic unit has been created, a photonic reversible complete subtractor and an irregular logic portal. SOA-MZI structure is the basic component of the architecture. The method is mainly carried out by the semiconductor Amplifier, using nonlinear properties such as cross-gain modulation and cross-phase modulation. The efficiency deciding factor for the whole system is 21.23 and 53.27 dB in the average extinction ratio. The cost of the arithmetic logic unit optically constructed is 9.

Smart Grid-Integrated Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Isa S. Qamber ◽  
Mohamed Y. Alhamad
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Rotary Motors ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Efficiency And Reliability

The movements for any type of electric vehicle (EV) can be powered by wheels or driven by rotary motors. EVs derive their power from various sources, including fossil fuels. In the long term, reducing the cost of electrically powered vehicles (EDV) is seen as an essential ingredient to increase consumer acceptance. In addition, it aims to reduce the weight and volume of EDV. Moreover, the focus is on improving the performance, efficiency, and reliability of the EDV. The development of innovative modules is important when the acceleration of production and marketing needs to be improved. Consumers are looking for the production and transmission of electrical energy. This contributes to a greener environment. One of the most important parts of an EV is its battery. A proposed model presented in this chapter considers several parameters: solar radiation (PV panels), EV backup battery, and main charger. The model allows energy storage to be developed efficiently.

scholarly journals Radio Frequency Interference Detection from Space

1991 ◽  
Vol 112 ◽  
pp. 198-200
Author(s):  
William E. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Simple Solution ◽  
Geostationary Orbit ◽  
Interference Detection ◽  
Radio Frequency Interference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Communications Satellites

Occasional interference experienced in the channels of communications satellites has prompted an analysis to see how radio frequency interference (RFI) might be detected from space. RFI may be experienced on any type of satellite, including commercial and scientific satellites. For a satellite in geostationary orbit that interference may come from anywhere in the hemisphere under the satellite. Because the location of an interfering transmitter is so uncertain, traditional means for geolocating it is not effective. “Down-looking” detectors are needed to detect the “up-looking” interference. Moreover, a low cost, simple solution to the problem – one in which the cost to geolocate is small relative to the cost of the downtime in the channel – is required in order to make the solution tractable.

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