The BP Oil Tanker Structural Monitoring System

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (04) ◽  
pp. 277-296
Author(s):  
David J. Witmer ◽  
Jack W. Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Structural Monitoring ◽  
Hull Girder ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Oil Tanker

BP Oil Company time-charters a fleet of American-flag tankers for the ocean transportation of crude oil and petroleum products to the East, West and Gulf Coasts of the United States. Commencing in 1991, ship response and structural monitoring instrumentation was installed on the four ships of the Atigun Pass-class. These crude carriers are operated in the Trans-Alaska Pipeline Service, or "TAPS" trade, sailing the waters of the North Pacific Ocean and Gulf of Alaska. The structural monitoring systems were designed to measure the effects of subjecting a ship to the typical loads and forces encountered while at sea: hogging, sagging, slamming, hydrostatic pressure, and hull girder springing. Additionally, BP was interested in developing a system that could provide shiphandling guidance to the master or watch officer so that the detrimental effects of prolonged exposure to such loads and forces could be effectively minimized. The paper describes in detail the physical arrangement of the BP Oil Tanker Structural Monitoring System (BPSMS), including the suite of sensors employed to measure ship responses and hull girder stresses. It explains how the response data collected by the sensors is analyzed by the onboard computer located on the ship's bridge and how ship response data are presented back to the deck officers via a family of display monitor screens. These displays provide the officers with a "tool" that can be used to effectively monitor the physical and structural response of their ship to waves, and to quantify, in terms of lowering the wave bending moment and reducing the risk of slamming, the result of an action or actions taken to minimize the risk of incurring structural damage. Onboard ship response and structural monitoring is now an integral part of BP's tanker fleet structural management program. The units have greatly increased the awareness of the ship's officers regarding their role in helping to control the amount of structural damage done to the ships. Data from the units have also helped management make more informed decisions regarding operational requirements placed on the ships.

Rapid Assessment of Hull Girder Collapse for Corroded Double Hull Oil Tanker After Collision

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung Hwan Noh ◽  
Jung Kwan Seo ◽  
Jeom Kee Paik ◽  
Samy A. M. Youssef
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Hull Girder ◽  
The Alps ◽  
Oil Tankers ◽  
Double Hull ◽  
Oil Tanker ◽  
Probability Density Function Pdf

Corroded tankers might be subjected to a very serious structural damage if involved in collision accidents. For understanding or preventing the collision accidents, various studies are being proposed by researchers to improve the analysis method. In this paper, four types of double hull oil tankers (Panamax, Aframax, Suezmax and VLCC) are used. Probabilistic approach is used to create ship-ship collision scenarios for each target structure and the ultimate longitudinal hull girder strength of the hypothetical oil tanker’s hull cross-section. The ALPS/HULL is used to simulate and is intelligent supersize finite element method (ISFEM) software. A relevant probability density function (PDF) is introduced using the results from finite element simulations of the ship-ship collisions, which is commonly used to predict residual strength.

ARCO Tanker Slamming Study

1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (03) ◽  
pp. 135-147
Author(s):  
Peter Lacey ◽  
Rod Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
North Pacific Ocean ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ship Motions ◽  
The North ◽  
Data Acquisition Program ◽  
Impact Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

ARCO Marine currently operates ten tankers which move crude oil from Valdez, Alaska to West Coast ports of the United States. These tankers range in size from 70 000 to 265 000 dwt and operate throughout the year in the harsh environment of the North Pacific Ocean. Some of these ships have experienced bow structural damage, presumably due to slamming in heavy weather conditions. In late 1990 ARCO initiated a program with Arctec Offshore Inc. and Ocean Systems Inc. to investigate slamming of ARCO tankers. This ongoing effort focuses on three issues: the frequency of occurrence and intensity of impacts; the relationship between the impact characteristics, sea conditions, and ship motions; and the development of an onboard slam monitoring and warning system. During the winter of 1991 data were collected aboard two ARCO 190 000 dwt San Diego Class tankers. This paper describes the data acquisition program, including the problems encountered, the preliminary interpretation of the collected data, and plans for continuation of the program.

Improved Passage Planning Using Weather Forecasting, Maneuvering Guidance, and Instrumentation Feedback

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Peter Lacey ◽  
Henry Chen
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Fatigue Damage ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Weather Forecasting ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Hull Girder ◽  
High Frequency Response

ARCO Marine currently operates ten tankers which move crude oil from Valdez, Alaska to West Coast ports of the United States. These tankers range in size from 70 000 to 265 000 dwt and operate throughout the year in the harsh environment of the North Pacific Ocean. All of the ships have experienced fatigue and slamming related structural damage. Fatigue damage of structural details occurs from cyclic loading as the ship hull girder flexes in response to the seaway. Damage to local bow structure results from slamming, which is a high magnitude impulse load that induces a high frequency response in the hull girder. Because of this high frequency response, slamming also contributes significantly to fatigue damage. With the goal of minimizing this structural damage, ARCO Marine initiated the Hull Monitoring Program with Ocean Systems Inc. in mid-1992 to develop an onboard computer-based Decision Support System (DSS) that conveys information to the shipmaster to aid in avoiding encounters with ship damaging seas. There are three basic sources of information to the DSS: weather forecasting, analytic and empirical seakeeping computations, and instrumentation feedback. An instrumentation package was installed on the ARCO California and continuously recorded ship motion and hull girder responses throughout its five 1992/93 winter voyages. Analysis of the recorded data resulted in several significant findings that validate the need for an onboard DSS. The Hull Monitoring Program built on the success of the 1990 ARCO Tanker Slamming Study [1] and has resulted in the conceptual design of a prototype DSS ready for implementation during the 1993/94 winter voyages. This paper describes the 1992/93 instrumentation package and data acquisition process, presents many of the significant findings, introduces the concept of improved passage planning, and discusses plans for the onboard implementation of the prototype system.

scholarly journals Predictors of Weight Loss Maintenance following an Insurance-Sponsored Weight Management Program

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christiaan G. Abildso ◽  
Olivier Schmid ◽  
Megan Byrd ◽  
Sam Zizzi ◽  
Alessandro Quartiroli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Management ◽  
Weight Loss Maintenance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Weight Management Program ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Intentional Weight Loss ◽  
Predictors Of Weight Loss

Intentional weight loss among overweight and obese adults (body mass index ≥ 25 kg/m2) is associated with numerous health benefits, but weight loss maintenance (WLM) following participation in weight management programming has proven to be elusive. Many individuals attempting to lose weight join formal programs, especially women, but these programs vary widely in focus, as do postprogram weight regain results. We surveyed 2,106 former participants in a community-based, insurance-sponsored weight management program in the United States to identify the pre, during, and post-intervention behavioral and psychosocial factors that lead to successful WLM. Of 835 survey respondents (39.6% response rate), 450 met criteria for inclusion in this study. Logistic regression analyses suggest that interventionists should assess and discuss weight loss and behavior change perceptions early in a program. However, in developing maintenance plans later in a program, attention should shift to behaviors, such as weekly weighing, limiting snacking in the evening, limiting portion sizes, and being physically active every day.

Great Belt Bridge – Structural monitoring

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Lollesgaard ◽  
Rasmus Brøndum
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Structural Health Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Graphical User Interface ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Renewal Process ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Structural Monitoring ◽  
Health Monitoring System ◽  
Great Belt

<p>The monitoring system on the Great Belt Bridge has been under a renewal process for the last 4 years. <p>Worn down sensors for alarm and maintenance purposes have been replaced by new more appropriate sensors. <p>A new structural health monitoring system for maintenance with a database and a graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed. The software collects and stores measurement data from a large number of sensors on both the cable‐suspended East Bridge and the low‐level West Bridge. From summer 2018 more than 400 sensors can be monitored from one GUI. More sensors are following in 2019. <p>The project has been carried out by Rambøll as client consultant and Krabbenhøft & Ingolfsson as main contractor.

scholarly journals Molecular Analysis ofEscherichia colifrom Retail Meats (2002–2004) from the United States National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Johnson ◽  
James S. McCabe ◽  
David G. White ◽  
Brian Johnston ◽  
Michael A. Kuskowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Resistance Monitoring ◽  
Retail Meats

Hull girder fatigue strength of corroding oil tanker

2010 ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
J Parunov ◽  
K _iha ◽  
P Mage ◽  
P Juri_i_
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Hull Girder ◽  
Oil Tanker

Hull-Girder Reliability of a Chemical Tanker

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (04) ◽  
pp. 192-199
Author(s):  
Jôsko Parunov ◽  
Maro Corak ◽  
C. Guedes Soares
Keyword(s):  
International Association ◽  
Progressive Collapse ◽  
Bending Moment ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Hull Girder ◽  
Structural Rules ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Reliability Method ◽  
Reliability Bound ◽  
Oil Tanker

The aim of the paper is to calculate hull-girder reliability of chemical tanker according to the reliability model proposed by International Maritime Organization (IMO). The probability of hull-girder failure is calculated using a first-order reliability method for two operational profiles—one typical for oil tanker and the other one modified in order to reflect differences between oil tanker and chemical tanker. The evaluation of the wave-induced load effects that occur during long-term operation of the ship in the seaway is carried out in accordance with International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) recommended procedure. The stillwater loads are defined on the basis of a statistical analysis of loading conditions from the loading manual. The ultimate collapse bending moment of the midship cross section, which is used as the basis for the reliability formulation, is evaluated by progressive collapse analysis and by single-step procedure. The reliability analysis is performed for "as-built" ship and for "corroded" ship according to corrosion deduction thickness from new Common Structural Rules for double-hull oil tankers. It is shown that hull-girder failure probability of "as-built" chemical tanker is well above the upper reliability bound proposed by IMO, while the "corroded" ship is slightly unconservative since the reliability index is lower than IMO lower reliability bound.

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