Human Factors in Classification and Certification

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Card ◽  
Clifford C. Baker ◽  
Kevin P. McSweeney ◽  
Denise B. McCafferty
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Maritime Safety ◽  
The Public ◽  
Human Element ◽  
The Past ◽  
Design Construction

Since the 18th century, Classification Societies have served the public interest by promoting the security of life, property, and the natural environment. This has been accomplished primarily through the development and verification of standards for the design, construction, and maintenance of marine facilities, however, new insights gained over the past decade have motivated maritime safety organizations to better address the contribution of the human element to maritime casualties and accidents.

100 Years of State Pension: Learning from the Past

2009 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-501
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Public Debate ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tangible Evidence ◽  
State Pension

The President (Mr R. S. Bowie, F.F.A.): Tonight's topic is ‘100 years of state pension: — learning from the past’. I am reminded of the expression: why are the bankers so keen to find new ways of losing money when the old ways seem to have worked perfectly well!The state pension has been going in a recognisable form for only 100 years and only for the last 60 as a universal pension; and only for the last 30 years in the form that we all might recognise today.If the Actuarial Profession can bring value to something from the past, it is to bring a perspective and a context to it so that we can learn from it. In this way, the Profession can create an informed climate within which public debate on matters of public interest can take place. As you will all know, the Financial Reporting Council are pressing the Profession hard to give tangible evidence of its commitment to the public interest, and this book falls into that category, creating an informed background for debate on a matter of huge public interest.

Understanding the decay of stone-built cultural heritage

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J. Smith ◽  
M. Gomez-Heras ◽  
S. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Building Stone ◽  
Stone Decay ◽  
Building Stones ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
Common Misconceptions

The problem of the decay and conservation of stone-built heritage is a complex one, requiring input across many disciplines to identify appropriate remedial steps and management strategies. Over the past few decades, earth scientists have brought a unique perspective to this challenging area, drawing on traditions and knowledge obtained from research into landscape development and the natural environment. This paper reviews the crucial themes that have arisen particularly, although not exclusively, from the work of physical geographers — themes that have sought to correct common misconceptions held by the public, as well as those directly engaged in construction and conservation, regarding the nature, causes and controls of building stone decay. It also looks to the future, suggesting how the behaviour of building stones (and hence the work of stone decay scientists) might alter in response to the looming challenge of climate change.

Google’s Private Copyright Rule-Making and Algorithmic Enforcement

Google Rules ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 117-134
Author(s):  
Joanne Elizabeth Gray
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
The Public ◽  
Digital Copyright ◽  
The Past ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Public Rights ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Copyright Enforcement ◽  
Rule Making

This chapter evaluates Google’s approach to copyright enforcement across its own platforms. Increasingly, Google self-regulates and negotiates with rightsholders to privately devise copyright rules. Google then deploys algorithmic regulatory technologies to enforce those rules. Indeed, over the past decade, Google has developed a range of algorithmic tools it uses to deter copyright infringement, enforce copyrights, and remunerate rightsholders. These activities limit transparency and accountability in digital copyright governance and privilege private interests and values over the public interest. In a digital environment dominated by powerful private actors, the use of algorithmic regulatory systems poses a critical problem for public rights and democratic, accountable systems of governance, now and into the future.

scholarly journals A Series of Astronomy Programs for Television in India

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 342-345
Author(s):  
Jayant V. Narlikar
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Scientific Interest ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Scientific Experimentation

Astronomy, unlike most other sciences, arouses great curiosity amongst laypeople. It is a subject that can be described relatively easily in public lectures. Distinguished astronomers like James Jeans and Arthur Eddington in the past and many more in recent times have “stooped down” to the public level to share the excitement of astronomical discoveries. Today, the popularization program normally proceeds in four different ways — through popular articles, public lectures, planetarium shows, and radio – TV programs. However, this overwhelming public interest in astronomy brings its own difficulties. Not all of it is motivated by a scientific interest! Many persons read mystic significance into astronomical findings. Many more are guided by astrological interest. Many fail to perceive the scientific basis for astronomy, a subject whose laboratory is the whole cosmos with objects too remote to be subject to scientific experimentation.

Research of Human Errors in Maritime System

2014 ◽  
Vol 543-547 ◽  
pp. 4194-4197
Author(s):  
Song Ding ◽  
Duan Feng Han ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
Wei Deng
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Maritime Safety ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Human Element ◽  
Maritime Technology

The importance of the human element in maritime safety is increasingly being recognized by the shipping and offshore communities. In this paper, the author is going to make an introduction of the application of the human factors in maritime technology in recent years, and talk about the failures of situation awareness which are exceedingly common and need to be handled.

scholarly journals NBOMe Compounds: Systematic Review and Data Crunching of the Surface Web

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Imam ◽  
Ban A. AbdulMajeed
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Warning System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Statistical Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Surface Web ◽  
India And China

BACKGROUND: NBOMe compounds, some of which commercially known as “N-Bomb” or “Smiles” signifying their potency, represent a uniquely potent group of phenethylamine derivatives. These have been recently used in the past decade for their powerful hallucinogenic properties to induce a “psychedelic trip”.METHODS: This study is an analytics of the surface web incorporating data from; the published literature, grey literature, drug fora, and trends’ databases. The study aims to review the pharmacodynamic effects of three most popular N-Bombs (25b, 25c, and 25i), analyse reported cases of intoxications and fatalities, and correlate these incidents with data retrieved from Google Trends.RESULTS: The potency and popularity of NBOMe compounds are tallied worldwide, 25b-NBOMe (least potent and least popular), 25i-NBOMe (most potent and most popular), while the 25c-NBOMe is in the middle. The popularity of each has been on the rise since 2011-2012, these compounds are most popular in the United States and the United Kingdom, while data from the developing world and the densely-populated India and China are either lacking or inadequate. The reported cases of intoxications and deaths were statistically proven to be correlated with the trends’ dataCONCLUSION: Inferential statistical information has associated cases of NBOMe(s)’ morbidities-mortalities with the public interest of surface web users in these hallucinogens. This study can serve a blueprint for an early warning system to be activated based on changes in trends’ data.

scholarly journals The historical experience of teacher classes organization in Russian schools (in the Orenburg Region as an example)

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 234-240
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Vladimirovna Bugakova
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Professional Orientation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Orenburg Region ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pedagogical Orientation ◽  
Education Authority ◽  
Historical Periods

This paper discusses a historical experience of teacher classes creation and development in Russian schools. It describes teacher classes organization in different historical periods, starting from the 18th century to the present (the Orenburg Region is taken as an example). In the 20-30s of the 20th century pedagogical classes of second-level schools were introduced since there was a huge demand for teachers for first-level schools as well as a high demand for their network expanding and students training improvement. The author notes that this practice corresponded to its time, aroused keen interest among the pedagogical community, the public education authority, practicing teachers, methodologists and students who belonged to groups with a pedagogical orientation. The author makes a special emphasis on the 1970-1990s development of pedagogical classes. As an example the author considers the experience of pedagogical classes activities organization by Vologda teachers who actively collaborated with local pedagogical universities. The author also considers Moscow schools where a differentiated approach was practiced, taking the level of students educational abilities into account. Making the transition to the modern situation in the sphere of professional orientation towards pedagogical professions, the author highlights features of the changed approaches, in particular, the emphasis is on the person choosing a profession, on supporting the choice of a life position, on helping to determine the educational trajectory that an individual needs. To solve the problems identified in the paper the author thinks that it is necessary to return to the experience of the past, taking into account the peculiarities of modern times, the revival of the teaching classes, an attempt to determine their status and form. The author presents her own vision of the essence of pedagogical classes based on the experience of their organization in the Orenburg Region.

“The Public Interest” in Administrative Decision-Making: Theorem, Theosophy, or Theory?

1957 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glendon A. Schubert
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
Enterprise System ◽  
Free Enterprise ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Action ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Generation ◽  
The Social

Textbooks in public administration customarily conclude with a section on administrative responsibility. The charitable inference is that this location betokens the saving of the best till last, rather than the appendage of an afterthought. Herbert Kaufman might explain it as the preoccupation of the past generation of political scientists with the legitimation of the efficient exercise of administrative power to subserve the goals of the social state, with a consequent sublimation of the emerging problem of the control of large, professionalized bureaucracies. However that may be, it does seem clear that, with the exception of administrative decisions which adversely affect “civil liberties,” most political scientists have been content to let lawyers and defenders of the free enterprise system worry about the restraint of administrative action.

scholarly journals Breakfast with Batman: The Public Interest in the Advertising Age

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Litman
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
American Culture ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Consumer Confusion ◽  
Legal Attitudes

This essay, written as a contribution to a symposium honoring the late Professor Ralph Sharp Brown, and published in Yale Law Journal in 1999, revisits Brown’s prescient 1948 article, Advertising and the Public Interest: Legal Protection of Trade Symbols. In Part I of the essay, I review Ralph Brown’s justification for the rule that trade symbols’ legal protection should be limited to cases of likely consumer confusion. Broader protection of trade symbols, affording legal armor to advertising’s persuasive function, would yield no benefits to consumers and would disserve the public interest by shielding firms from healthy competition. In Part II, I discuss the expansion of trade symbol law over the past fifty years, as courts and Congress increasingly have disregarded Brown’s advice. In Part III, I describe shifts in American culture, legal attitudes, and business practices that accompanied—and to some degree explain—that doctrinal change. In particular, I point out that trade symbols have become enormously valuable, outshining in importance the products they identify. In Part IV, I urge that the independent value of trade symbols and advertising atmospherics today does not supply reasons for protecting them under the trademark laws. Rather, as I explain in Part V, a critical look at the role of advertising in our lives today reaffirms the importance of Ralph Brown’s original prescription: Legal protection for trade symbols, in the absence of confusion, disserves competition and thus the consumer. It arrogates to the producer the entire value of cultural icons that we should more appropriately treat as collectively owned.

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