Influence Bacterial Inoculant of Local Isolates of Azotobacter Vinelandii and Irrigation Water Quality on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Introduction: Many studies have been conducted on irrigation of upland crops with reclaimed wastewater while there have been a few reports about wastewater reuse for paddies. The majority of irrigation water requirement of paddy field in Bandargaz region (Iran) during the dry season within the last 12 years is dependent on effluent of treatment plant. Accordingly, different water parameters and 12 irrigation water quality indexes and economical- environmental filed management factor (fertilizer application rate) and crop growth and yield were studied in freshwater (FW) and wastewater (WW) filelds. Explanation: Unexpectedly, wastewater and freshwater salinity was less and more than the threshold salinity of paddy (2.0 dS.m-1), respectively and due to the high concentration of chlorine, FW is not suitable for irrigation. Based on almost all of indices and standards for assessing irrigation water quality, WW was significantly better than FW. Conclusion: The average concentration of heavy metals in both FW and WW samples were in the order of Cr˂Cd˂Pb˂Ni. However, results showed that concentration of heavy metals in WW was significantly more than FW. Nevertheless, these were below maximum allowable based on international standards and guidelines. The average nitrogen concentration in the reclaimed wastewater was 11.2 mg.lit-1 that was more than the required nitrogen concentration (7 mg.lit-1). So, a dilution strategy could be adopted when reclaimed water is used. No significant difference was observed in two type farms based on plant height, spike length, and 1000-seed weight, but this factor was significantly effective on seed per spike and seed yield so that they were higher in WW irrigated farms by 12.4 and 10 percent, respectively.

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Study of The Effect of Salt Stress and Kinetin and Their Interaction on The Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/923/1/012084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 923 (1) ◽

pp. 012084

Author(s):

Zahra Hussein Al-Khafaji ◽

Fouad Razzaq Al-Burki

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Flag Leaf ◽

Block Design ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract A field experiment was conducted at the first station of the College of Agriculture/University of Al-Muthanna for the agricultural season 2020-2021, with the aim of studying the effect of treatment with salinity stress and kinetin on the growth and yield of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar of Bohooth 22. The experiment was applied by split plates design using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three Replicators of 36 experimental units The main units included levels of irrigation water salinity (2.5, 5, 7.5, 10) ds/m, while the secondary units included levels of kinetin (0, 30, 60 Ppm). The results of the statistical analysis showed a significant difference in the salinity of the high irrigation water in most growth traits such as plant height, flag leaf area, number of tillers plant−1, spike length (cm) and number of days to physiological maturity (day) at a rate of (.5473, 14.912, 3.222, 9.176, 143.67) respectively, and the traits of the yield and its components represented by the number of spikes. m2, number of grains per spike, weight of 1000 grains (gm), grain yield (ton ha−1) and biological yield (ton ha−1) at a rate of (300.06, 35.39, 31.60, 3.52, 9.46) respectively, while soaking the seeds with kinetin led to a significant increase in most of the studied traits. Thus, we conclude that salt stress has a negative role on the growth stages of the vegetative plant, and this leads to the reduction of the yield and its components.

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Effect of Irrigation Water Quality and Spraying with Tocopherol on Na, K, K+/Na+ and Cl- and Chemical Components of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)

Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.37077/25200860.2019.178 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 291-301

Author(s):

Faris I. Obead ◽

Awatif N. Jerry

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Abscisic Acid ◽

River Water ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Tap Water ◽

Chlorophyll Concentration ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Chemical Components ◽

Soluble Carbohydrate ◽

Irrigation Water Quality

The experiment was carried out in a private orchard at Shat-Al- Arab District, Basrah Province during the summer seasons of 2011and 2012 in order to study the effect of irrigation water quality and spraying with Tocopherol on growth and yield of okra plants tolerance to salinity resulted from irrigation by salinity water and its effect on the leaves of chemical parameters. Treatments included three sources of water (i.e. tap water, tap water + river water 1:1 and river water) and spraying plants with Tocopherol at four concentrations 0, 50, 100 and150mg. l-1). Treatments of this experiment were distributed in Split Plot Design with three replicates, which were the main Plots represented water sources, spraying with tocopherol represented sub-plots. Means were compared according to L.S.D. Test at significant level of 0.05. Result could be summarized as follows: Plants irrigated with tap water had a significantly higher parameters (N, K, K+/Na+ ratio), carbohydrate, leaves chlorophyll concentration, abscisic acid contents in leaves for both seasons,.Foliar application with Tocopherol at 150 mg.l-1 caused an increase in N,K, K+/Na+, total soluble carbohydrate and chlorophyll contents in leaves while resulted decrease in proline and abscisic acid contents in leaves.The interactions between the studied factors were significant in all studied parameters for both seasons.

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Irrigation-water quality during 1976 irrigation season in the Sulphur Creek basin, Yakima and Benton counties, Washington

Open-File Report ◽

10.3133/ofr811008 ◽

1982 ◽

Author(s):

P.R. Boucher ◽

M.O. Fretwell

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Irrigation Season ◽

Irrigation Water Quality

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Assessment of ground water quality of lahar block, Bhind district in Madhya Pradesh

International Journal of Advanced Geosciences ◽

10.14419/ijag.v3i2.4949 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shashi Kant ◽

Y.V. Singh ◽

Lokesh Kumar Jat ◽

R. Meena ◽

S.N. Singh

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Ground Water ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Madhya Pradesh ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Irrigation Water Quality Index

In sustainable groundwater study, it is necessary to assess the quality of groundwater in terms of irrigation purposes. The present study attempts to assess the groundwater quality through Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) in hard-rock aquifer system and sustainable water use in Lahar block, Bhind of district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The quality of ground water in major part of the study area is generally good. In order to understand the shallow groundwater quality, the water samples were collected from 40 tube wells irrigation water. The primary physical and chemical parameters like potential Hydrogen (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), bicarbonate (HCO3-), carbonate (CO32-), chloride (Cl-), and nitrate (NO3-) were analyzed for (irrigation water quality index ) IWQI. The secondary parameters of irrigation groundwater quality indices such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Soluble Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), and Kellies Ratio (KR) were also derived from the primary parameter for irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The IWQI was classified into excellent to unfit condition of groundwater quality based on their Water Quality Index (WQI). The IWQI (82.5%+15.0%) indicate that slightly unsustainable to good quality of ground water. Due to this quality deterioration of shallow aquifer, an immediate attestation requires for sustainable development.

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Assessment of natural resources in tunisian Oases: degradation of irrigation water quality and continued overexploitation of groundwater

Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration ◽

10.1007/s41207-020-00234-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Latifa Dhaouadi ◽

Houda Besser ◽

Nissaf karbout ◽

Fatma Wassar ◽

Abdel Rassoul Alomrane

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Irrigation Water Quality

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Classification of groundwater suitability for irrigation purposes using a comprehensive approach based on the AHP and GIS techniques in North Kurdufan Province, Sudan

Applied Water Science ◽

10.1007/s13201-021-01443-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Elsiddig Eldaw ◽

Tao Huang ◽

Adam Khalifa Mohamed ◽

Yahaya Mahama

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Spatial Distribution ◽

Groundwater Quality ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Research Effort ◽

Sodium Absorption ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Middle Income ◽

Sodium Absorption Ratio ◽

Deep Aquifers

AbstractDeterioration of groundwater quality due to drastic human interventions is rising at an alarming rate particularly in lower- and middle-income countries. Yet, limited research effort has been devoted to monitoring and ascertaining groundwater quality. The present study develops a comprehensive irrigation water quality index (IWQI) for rating water quality of shallow and deep aquifers in North Kurdufan province, Sudan. The new approach is developed to overcome the deficiencies of the existing irrigation indices and coming up with a unified decision for classifying water quality for irrigation purposes. Because of these indices like permeability index (PI), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), etc., depending on specific elements, entirely subjective, as well as the great variations in their results, particularly when classifying water quality. Thus, IWQI is created based on eight indices that are generally used to evaluate irrigation water quality, plus three physicochemical parameters have been proven an impact on water quality. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is applied to minimize the subjectivity at assign parameter weights under multiple criteria decision analysis tools (MCDA). The spatial distribution of IWQI agrees with the spatial distribution of the most parameters. The results of our approach reveal that the majority of samples are suitable for irrigation uses for both aquifers except few wells in the confined aquifer. Also, noted that there are very variations in the irrigation indices results for classifying water quality. The comparison result showed that the new index robust, fair calculations and has best classifying of water quality.

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The Contribution of Groundwater to the Salinization of Reservoir-Based Irrigation Systems

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11030512 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 512

Author(s):

Michiele Gebrehiwet ◽

Nata T. Tafesse ◽

Solomon Habtu ◽

Berhanu F. Alemaw ◽

Kebabonye Laletsang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Cation Exchange ◽

Irrigation Water ◽

Groundwater Potential ◽

Hydrochemical Facies ◽

Command Area ◽

Silicate Weathering ◽

Irrigation Water Quality ◽

Carbonate Minerals ◽

Watershed Area

This study evaluates the cause of salinization in an irrigation scheme of 100 ha supplied from a reservoir. The scheme is located in Gumselasa catchment (28 km2), Tigray region, northern Ethiopia. The catchment is underlain by limestone–shale–marl intercalations with dolerite intrusion and some recent sediments. Water balance computation, hydrochemical analyses and irrigation water quality analyses methods were used in this investigation. Surface waters (river and reservoir) and groundwater samples were collected and analyzed. The water table in the irrigated land is ranging 0.2–2 m below the ground level. The majority of groundwater in the effective watershed area and the river and dam waters are fresh and alkaline whereas in the command area the groundwater is dominantly brackish and alkaline. The main hydrochemical facies in the groundwater in the effective watershed area are Ca-Na-SO4-HCO3, Ca-Na- HCO3-SO4, and Ca-Na-Mg-SO4-HCO3. The river and dam waters are Mg-Na-HCO3-SO4 and HCO3-SO4-Cl types, respectively. In the command area the main hydrochemical facies in the groundwater are Ca-Na-HCO3-SO4 and Ca-Na-Mg-SO4-HCO3. Irrigation water quality analyses revealed that salinity and toxicity hazards increase from the effective watershed to the irrigated land following the direction of the water flow. The results also showed that the analyzed waters for irrigation purpose had no sodicity hazard. The major composition controlling mechanisms in the groundwater chemistry was identified as the dissolution of carbonate minerals, silicate weathering, and cation exchange. One of the impacts of the construction of the dam in the hydrologic environment of the catchment is on its groundwater potential. The dam is indirectly recharging the aquifers and enhances the groundwater potential of the area. This increment of availability of groundwater enhanced dissolution of carbonate minerals (calcite, dolomite, and gypsum), silicate weathering and cation exchange processes, which are the main causes of salinity in the irrigated land. The rising of the brackish groundwater combined with insufficient leaching contributed to secondary salinization development in the irrigated land. Installation of surface and subsurface drainage systems and planting salt tolerant (salt loving) plants are recommended to minimize the risk of salinization and salt accumulation in the soils of the irrigated land.

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