Pathological aspects of vasa recta fibrosis in kidney of dromedary camels

AbstractFor thousands of years, camels have produced meat, milk, and fiber in harsh desert conditions. For a sustainable development to provide protein resources from desert areas, it is necessary to pay attention to genetic improvement in camel breeding. By using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) method we produced over 14,500 genome wide markers to conduct a genome- wide association study (GWAS) for investigating the birth weight, daily gain, and body weight of 96 dromedaries in the Iranian central desert. A total of 99 SNPs were associated with birth weight, daily gain, and body weight (p-value < 0.002). Genomic breeding values (GEBVs) were estimated with the BGLR package using (i) all 14,522 SNPs and (ii) the 99 SNPs by GWAS. Twenty-eight SNPs were associated with birth weight, daily gain, and body weight (p-value < 0.001). Annotation of the genomic region (s) within ± 100 kb of the associated SNPs facilitated prediction of 36 candidate genes. The accuracy of GEBVs was more than 0.65 based on all 14,522 SNPs, but the regression coefficients for birth weight, daily gain, and body weight were 0.39, 0.20, and 0.23, respectively. Because of low sample size, the GEBVs were predicted using the associated SNPs from GWAS. The accuracy of GEBVs based on the 99 associated SNPs was 0.62, 0.82, and 0.57 for birth weight, daily gain, and body weight. This report is the first GWAS using GBS on dromedary camels and identifies markers associated with growth traits that could help to plan breeding program to genetic improvement. Further researches using larger sample size and collaboration of the camel farmers and more profound understanding will permit verification of the associated SNPs identified in this project. The preliminary results of study show that genomic selection could be the appropriate way to genetic improvement of body weight in dromedary camels, which is challenging due to a long generation interval, seasonal reproduction, and lack of records and pedigrees.

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Oxytocin and cortisol release during suckling, hand-milking and machine milking in camels

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029921000522 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Marwa Brahmi ◽

Moufida Atigui ◽

Ihmen Hammadi ◽

Jacques Portanguen ◽

Mohamed Hammadi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plasma Concentration ◽

Management Practices ◽

Maternal Behaviour ◽

Milk Ejection ◽

Dromedary Camels ◽

Machine Milking ◽

Physiological Consequence ◽

Peak Release ◽

Cortisol Release ◽

Concentration Patterns

Abstract This research paper addresses the hypothesis that oxytocin (OT) could be released during suckling and during milking with and without the presence of a calf and that this release could be regulated by maternal behaviour. Plasma concentration patterns of OT and cortisol (CORT) were measured in six Tunisian dromedary camels during 2 suckling episodes, 2 manual milking episodes with calves beside the mother and 2 machine milking episodes without calves present. Various patterns of OT release were observed between each camel including specific two peak release patterns. Higher plasma OT concentrations were found during the suckling and hand-milking episodes with simultaneous suckling of calves, than during the machine milking episodes without calves. Exclusive mechanical milking episodes also evoked significant mean OT release, although greatly reduced compared to suckling and hand milking. The low basal levels and classical CORT release patterns suggested non-stressful management practices were used and there were very limited differences in udder stimulation between managements. The OT release induced by exclusive suckling and suckling together with hand-milking gives a reference point for what a good milk ejection stimulation is in camels. The important and specific reduction of OT release during machine milking without the calf present could be a physiological consequence of the maternal behaviour (selectivity for the own young) and to a lesser extent explained by a lower stimulation by machine milking.

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New Haplotypes of Trypanosoma evansi Identified in Dromedary Camels from Algeria

Acta Parasitologica ◽

10.1007/s11686-020-00316-w ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amina Boutellis ◽

Meriem Bellabidi ◽

Mohammed Hocine Benaissa ◽

Zoubir Harrat ◽

Karima Brahmi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trypanosoma Evansi ◽

Dromedary Camels

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The influence of weather conditions on body temperature, milk composition and yields of the free-ranging dromedary camels in Southeastern rangelands of Ethiopia

Cogent Food & Agriculture ◽

10.1080/23311932.2021.1930932 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 1930932

Author(s):

Matiwos Habte ◽

Mitiku Eshetu ◽

Melesse Maryo ◽

Dereje Andualem ◽

Abiyot Legesse ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Dromedary Camels ◽

Free Ranging

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Limited Genetic Diversity Detected in Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus Variants Circulating in Dromedary Camels in Jordan

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13040592 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 592

Author(s):

Stephanie N. Seifert ◽

Jonathan E. Schulz ◽

Stacy Ricklefs ◽

Michael Letko ◽

Elangeni Yabba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Middle East ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Case Fatality ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽

Full Genome Sequence ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Dromedary Camels

Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a persistent zoonotic pathogen with frequent spillover from dromedary camels to humans in the Arabian Peninsula, resulting in limited outbreaks of MERS with a high case-fatality rate. Full genome sequence data from camel-derived MERS-CoV variants show diverse lineages circulating in domestic camels with frequent recombination. More than 90% of the available full MERS-CoV genome sequences derived from camels are from just two countries, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and United Arab Emirates (UAE). In this study, we employ a novel method to amplify and sequence the partial MERS-CoV genome with high sensitivity from nasal swabs of infected camels. We recovered more than 99% of the MERS-CoV genome from field-collected samples with greater than 500 TCID50 equivalent per nasal swab from camel herds sampled in Jordan in May 2016. Our subsequent analyses of 14 camel-derived MERS-CoV genomes show a striking lack of genetic diversity circulating in Jordan camels relative to MERS-CoV genome sequences derived from large camel markets in KSA and UAE. The low genetic diversity detected in Jordan camels during our study is consistent with a lack of endemic circulation in these camel herds and reflective of data from MERS outbreaks in humans dominated by nosocomial transmission following a single introduction as reported during the 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea. Our data suggest transmission of MERS-CoV among two camel herds in Jordan in 2016 following a single introduction event.

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Pathological and molecular investigations of systemic form of camelpox in naturally infected adult male dromedary camels in India

Heliyon ◽

10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06186 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. e06186

Author(s):

Shirish Dadarao Narnaware ◽

Rakesh Ranjan ◽

Shyam Singh Dahiya ◽

Amar Panchbuddhe ◽

Devika Bajpai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Male ◽

Dromedary Camels ◽

Infected Adult ◽

Systemic Form

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Molecular sieving of small solutes by outer medullary descending vasa recta

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.1997.272.5.f579 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 272 (5) ◽

pp. F579-F586 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

T. L. Pallone ◽

M. R. Turner

Keyword(s):

Water Channel ◽

Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽

Pressure Gradients ◽

Volume Flux ◽

Aquaporin 1 ◽

A Value ◽

Vasa Recta ◽

Mathematical Simulations ◽

Molecular Sieving ◽

Hydrophilic Solutes

Molecular sieving of small solutes by outer medullary descending vasa recta (OMDVR). Descending vasa recta (DVR) plasma equilibrates with the medullary interstitium by volume efflux (Jv), as well as by influx of solutes. Jv is driven by transmural osmotic pressure gradients due to small hydrophilic solutes (delta pi s), NaCl and urea. DVR endothelium probably contains a "water-only" pathway most likely mediated by the aquaporin-1 (AQP1) water channel. We measured the ability of microperfused OMDVR to concentrate lumenal 22Na and [3H]raffinose when Jv was driven by transmural NaCl gradients. Collectate-to-perfusate ratios of 2 x 10(6) M(r) fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran volume marker (RDx), 22Na (RNa), and [3H]raffinose (Rraf) were measured in the absence and presence of Jv. During volume efflux (Jv > 0), RDx was 1.37 +/- 0.31. RNa increased from 0.64 +/- 0.03 when Jv = 0 to 0.82 +/- 0.05 when Jv > 0 and Rraf increased from 0.83 +/- 0.03 to 1.13 +/- 0.05: Mathematical simulations predict RNa and Rraf most accurately when the OMDVR reflection coefficient to the tracers is assigned a value near unity. This indicates that the OMDVR wall contains a pathway for osmotic volume flux that excludes small hydrophilic solutes, a behavior consistent with that of aquaporins.

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Hydraulic and diffusional permeabilities of isolated outer medullary descending vasa recta from the rat

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.1997.272.1.h392 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 272 (1) ◽

pp. H392-H400 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. R. Turner ◽

T. L. Pallone

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Permeability ◽

Oncotic Pressure ◽

Diffusional Permeability ◽

Vasa Recta ◽

Reflexion Coefficient ◽

The Relationship ◽

Hydrophilic Solutes ◽

Water Pathway

Water permeates many microvessel walls via a pathway shared with small hydrophilic solutes and also via an exclusive water pathway. In outer medullary descending vasa recta (OMDVR), the relationship between diffusional permeabilities to water and sodium indicates the existence of an exclusive water pathway and suggests that of a shared pathway. We investigated the latter possibility by estimating hydraulic permeability (Lp) and diffusional permeability to [3H]raffinose (P(raf)) in isolated, perfused OMDVR. The product of hydraulic permeability and osmotic reflexion coefficient of albumin (Lp sigma a) was 1.56 +/- 0.19 x 10(-6) cm.s-1.mmHg-1 (n = 28), calculated from transmural volume fluxes induced by perfusate-to-bath differences in albumin oncotic pressure (delta IIa). P(raf) in the same vessels was 40.1 +/- 7.5 x 10(-5) cm/s when delta IIa was zero. In separate experiments, sigma a was at least 0.89 +/- 0.10 (n = 17). Lp sigma a correlates with P(raf), indicating that OMDVR contain a shared pathway for convection driven by delta IIa and for diffusion of small hydrophilic solutes.

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