Effect of Yoga Regimen on Premenstrual Body Weight and Reaction Time in Young Healthy Females

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Asha Gandhi ◽  
Sarita Kanojia ◽  
Ajay Kukreja ◽  
Vivek K Sharma ◽  
Shailesh Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Healthy Females

Alcohol and Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff

1979 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. H. RUNDELL ◽  
HAROLD L. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Discrimination Task ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pitch Discrimination ◽  
Alcohol Dose ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Accuracy Tradeoff ◽  
And Task

Performance on two auditory choice reaction time (RT) tasks was studied in a group of 12 subjects under the influence of graded doses of ethyl alcohol ranging from placebo to 1 g/kg body weight. Deadline procedures were employed in a side discrimination and a pitch discrimination task to permit the calculation of speed-accuracy tradeoff functions (accuracy versus RT). Accuracy declined as a function of dose, but alcohol did not significantly influence RT. Conversely, accuracy was not affected by task; but the pitch discrimination task required an average of 88 ms more time than the side task. Alcohol dose and task produced independent effects on the speed-accuracy tradeoff function. As dose increased, the slope of the tradeoff function declined; but slopes were equivalent for the two tasks. On the other hand, the x-intercept (where accuracy equals chance levels) was 90 ms greater for the pitch task than for the side task.

Male reproductive characteristics of sheep in the Indian arid zone

1981 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-318
Author(s):  
J. P. Mittal ◽  
P. K. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indian Desert ◽  
Arid Conditions

SummaryThe influence of various factors like breed, season, level of nutrition, age and body weight was studied in indigenous (Marwari and Magra) and exotic (Corriedale) rams in respect of semen quality and sexual behaviour under the arid conditions of Jodhpur in the Indian desert. None of these factors except breed and level of nutrition affected semen quality. The breeds differed significantly only in respect of percentage abnormal sperms. The values for all the physical characteristics except sperm concentrations wore slightly lower in the Corriedale. Supplementary concentrate feeding resulted in significantly higher concentrations only of fructose and citric acid in the semen. The physical characteristics of the semen were only slightly superior in the feed-supplemented group of animals. The breeds differed significantly in respect of libido characteristics, with the Corriedale exhibiting the longest reaction time and the lowest number of matings in 30 min. These characteristics were, however, not affected by the other factors mentioned above.

scholarly journals Disrupted Oxytocin-Appetite Signaling in Females With Anorexia Nervosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (10) ◽  
pp. 4931-4940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Aulinas ◽  
Franziska Plessow ◽  
Reitumetse L Pulumo ◽  
Elisa Asanza ◽  
Christopher J Mancuso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Clinical Research Center ◽  
Postprandial Response ◽  
Endogenous Estrogen ◽  
Healthy Females

Abstract Context In healthy females, oxytocin levels decrease postmeal, corresponding to increased satiety. The postprandial response of oxytocin in females with anorexia nervosa (AN)/atypical AN is unknown. Objectives To determine the pattern of postprandial serum oxytocin levels in females with AN/atypical AN, relationship with appetite, and effect of weight, eating behavior, and endogenous estrogen status. Design Cross-sectional. Setting Clinical research center. Participants 67 women (36 with AN [<85% expected body weight (EBW)]; 31 with atypical AN [≥ 85% EBW)]), age 22.4 ± 0.9 (mean ± SEM) years, categorized by weight, restricting vs binge/purge behavior, and estrogen status. Interventions Standardized mixed meal. Main Outcome Measurements Blood sampling for oxytocin occurred fasting and 30, 60, and 120 minutes postmeal. Subjective appetite was assessed using visual analog scales. Results In females with AN/atypical AN, oxytocin levels decreased from fasting to 60 (P = 0.002) and 120 (P = 0.005) minutes postmeal. The decrease in oxytocin from fasting to 120 minutes was greater in females with atypical AN than AN (P = 0.027) and did not differ by restricting vs binge/purge behavior or estrogen status. Controlling for caloric intake, the decrease in oxytocin was inversely related to the decrease in hunger postmeal in females with atypical AN (P = 0.04). Conclusions In females with AN/atypical AN, oxytocin levels decrease postmeal, as established in healthy females. Weight, but not restricting vs binge/purging nor endogenous estrogen status, affects postprandial oxytocin levels. The postprandial change in serum oxytocin levels is related to appetite in females with atypical AN only, suggesting a disconnect between oxytocin secretion and appetite in the undernourished state.

The Influence of Different Doses of Caffeine on Visual Task Performance

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Ruijter ◽  
Monicque M. Lorist ◽  
Jan Snel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
False Alarms ◽  
Output Stage ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
Output Stages

Abstract In this study the influence of caffeine as an energy-increasing substance on visual information processing was examined. Subjects were presented with a dual-task consisting of two choice reaction time tasks. In addition, one of the tasks was presented at two levels of difficulty, influencing the decision-making process. Doses of 1.0, 3.0, and 7.5 mg/kg body weight caffeine and 3.0 mg/kg body weight lactose were administered (within-subjects design). The effect of caffeine was expected to be observable in terms of improved performance on measures like reaction time and type and number of errors, as well as in components of the event-related brain potential (ERP). The highest caffeine dose shortened reaction times on both the primary and the secondary task as compared to placebo. Overall there was a linear decline in reaction times on both tasks with increasing caffeine dose. As measured from ERP results, there was an increasing P3 amplitude as caffeine dose increased, indicating that the quantity of information processed was larger under caffeine. There was, however, no evidence of extra energy in terms of more hits and fewer misses or false alarms. Moreover, subjects reported no doserelated differences in amount of effort needed to perform the dual-task. It is concluded that the effect of caffeine, which is supposed to have its impact on both the input and the output stages of information processing, was evident in the output stage in the form of shortened reaction times. However, no effect of caffeine could be observed at the input stage, probably due to a data limited process.

Effect of water deprivation on cognitive-motor performance in healthy men and women

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (1) ◽  
pp. R275-R280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabor Szinnai ◽  
Hartmut Schachinger ◽  
Maurice J Arnaud ◽  
Lilly Linder ◽  
Ulrich Keller
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Motor Function ◽  
Water Deprivation ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Mental Performance ◽  
Addition Task ◽  
Conflict Test ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Serial Addition

Whether mental performance is affected by slowly progressive moderate dehydration induced by water deprivation has not been examined previously. Therefore, objective and subjective cognitive-motor function was examined in 16 volunteers (8 females, 8 males, mean age: 26 yr) twice, once after 24 h of water deprivation and once during normal water intake (randomized cross-over design; 7-day interval). Water deprivation resulted in a 2.6% decrease in body weight. Neither cognitive-motor function estimated by a paced auditory serial addition task, an adaptive 5-choice reaction time test, a manual tracking test, and a Stroop word-color conflict test nor neurophysiological function assessed by auditory event-related potentials P300 (oddball paradigm) differed ( P > 0.1) between the water deprivation and the control study. However, subjective ratings of mental performance changed significantly toward increased tiredness (+1.0 points) and reduced alertness (−0.9 points on a 5-point scale; both: P < 0.05), and higher levels of perceived effort (+27 mm) and concentration (+28 mm on a 100-mm scale; both: P < 0.05) necessary for test accomplishment during dehydration. Several reaction time-based responses revealed significant interactions between gender and dehydration, with prolonged reaction time in women but shortened in men after water deprivation (Stroop word-color conflict test, reaction time in women: +26 ms, in men: −36 ms, P < 0.01; paced auditory serial addition task, reaction time in women +58 ms, in men −31 ms, P = 0.05). In conclusion, cognitive-motor function is preserved during water deprivation in young humans up to a moderate dehydration level of 2.6% of body weight. Sexual dimorphism for reaction time-based performance is present. Increased subjective task-related effort suggests that healthy volunteers exhibit cognitive compensating mechanisms for increased tiredness and reduced alertness during slowly progressive moderate dehydration.

scholarly journals Oculographic markers of abnormal states of an operator as studied using the models of smooth tracking of a target and discreet appearance/disappearance of a stimulus

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-68
Author(s):  
D.V. Zakharchenko ◽  
V.B. Dorokhov
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Automatic Evaluation ◽  
Smooth Tracking ◽  
Visual Motor ◽  
Operator Activity

The possibility is discussed of using the parameters of oculomotor reactions as markers suitable for automatic evaluation, recognition and continuous monitoring of the functional state of an operator, i.e. driver, traffic controller, etc. We used the models of smooth tracking of targets and discrete appearance/disappearance of the stimulus for experimental evaluation of the possibility of recognition of abnormal states of an operator and the disturbances in work they cause. We describe and analyze the changes in visual-motor reactions under the influence of alcohol, 1 g of 96% alcohol per kilogram of operator’s body weight of, i.e. changes in the latency period of macrosaccades and motor reactions, changes in the average instant speed of macrosaccades, changes in reaction time. The changes in smoothness of target tracking caused by alcohol intoxication were also considered. We identified the oculomotor reactions useful as markers to diagnose changes in the functional state of an operator and to diagnose the operator activity.

scholarly journals Reproductive characteristics of rabbit bucks administered Panax ginseng extracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
T. C. Iwuji ◽  
U. Herbert ◽  
M. A. Oguike ◽  
H. O. Obikaonu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Panax Ginseng ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Adult Rabbit ◽  
Natural Materials ◽  
Synthetic Materials

This study was conducted for 4 months in the quest to discover natural materials, especially of plant origin, capable of substituting the roles of synthetic materials, especially drugs, in reproductive enhancement of livestock species. Such natural materials will help eliminate the menace of residual effects of synthetic materials on livestock products and probably attract more revenue from them. A total of 24 New Zealand White (NZW) weaned rabbit bucks were used and the study was carried out in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD), comprising three treatments replicated four times; MT1 (control), MT2 and MT3 , containing 0, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight of Panax ginseng extracts (PGEs), respectively. Assessment for attainment of puberty started from the age of 11 - 14 weeks on a weekly basis and at 72 h interval thereafter by examining their ejaculate and preputial fluid smeared on a glass slide under a microscope for sperm cells. Semen was collected twice a week for 3 weeks after maturity (6 months old) with the aid of an artificial vagina (AV), using rabbit does as teasers. Semen analysis was done within 20 minutes of collection, following standard procedures. Libido was determined weekly for 3 weeks by recording the time it took the matured rabbit bucks to sniff, groom, and mount the rabbit doe in the initial instance (reaction time); and by counting the number of times the matured buck attempts to mount the doe per minute (libido score). Data generated from this study was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Age at puberty (MT1 = 116.00 days; MT2 = 112.50 days; MT3 = 100.50 days) was significantly (P<0.05) lower in MT3 (400 mg/kg b.w), and weight at puberty (MT1 = 1483.33 g; MT2 = 1475.00 g; MT3 = 1378.50 g) recorded a dose dependent significant (P<0.05) decrease in the male rabbits. Semen volume (MT1 = 0.95 mL; MT2 = 1.25 mL; MT3 = 1.55 mL), total sperm count (MT1 = 115.00 x 10 ; MT2 = 125.50 x10 ; MT3 = 146.20 x 10 ), progressive sperm motility (MT1 = 78.50 %; MT2 = 83.00 %; MT3 = 82.30 %), live sperm proportion (MT1 = 80.63 %; MT2 = 85.40 %; MT3 = 89.75 %) and libido score (MT1 = 7.00 mounts/min; MT2 = 9.00 mounts/min; MT3 = 11.50 mounts/min) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in adult rabbit bucks administered PGEs, while reaction time (MT1 = 9.45 s; MT2 = 3.15 s; MT3 = 2.60 s) significantly (P<0.05) decreased in PGEs treated rabbits. This study shows that PGEs can orally be administered up to 400 mg/kg body weight in NZW rabbit bucks to enhance their reproductive potential, through early attainment of puberty, improved semen quality and enhanced libido.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC FLOWER EXTRACT OF SPATHODEA CAMPANULATA ON STREPTOZOTOCIN INDUCED DIABETIC NEUROPATHY

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Rishikesh Bachhav ◽  
Ravindranath Saudagar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Aldose Reductase ◽  
Thermal Hyperalgesia ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Cellulose Solution ◽  
Aldose Reductase Inhibition

Objective: To evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract of the flower of Spathodea camapanulata (EFESC) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic neuropathy.Methods: Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) was induced in overnight fasted adult wistar strain albino male rats weighing 160-200g by a single intraperitoneal injection (i. p) of streptozotocin (STZ-65 mg/kg). The rats were randomized into six groups, with six animals each, namely normal control (NC) (Treated with 1% carboxymethyl cellulose solution), diabetic control (DC) (65 mg/kg., i. p. STZ), test group treated at various doses of EFESC250, EFESC500, and EFESC750, standard control-glibenclamide0.25 mg/kg b.w.(SCG) and the treatment has begun from the day of blood sugar level (BSL) detection after the STZ treatment. Body weight was checked daily and serum glucose levels were measured at 48 h, 15th and 28th d of study. Reaction time to thermal hyperalgesia and cold allodynia were measured after induction of diabetes. In vitro, aldose reductase inhibition assay was carried out.Results: The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the steroids, terpenoids, coumarins, carbohydrates, tannins, glycosides, and flavonoids in EFESC. DC group showed decreased in reaction time (hyperalgesia) compared to NC while a significant increase in reaction time was observed at various doses EFESC250, EFESC500, EFESC750 and SCG0.25. EFESC at various doses showed the significant reduction in BSL and body weight on 15th and 28th d in STZ diabetic rat at various dose levels. In vitro, aldose reductase inhibition was observed with an IC50 at 131 μg/ml.Conclusion: EFESC showed reduced in BSL and prevents hyperalgesia in experimental diabetic neuropathy. It also reduced aldose-reductase level that may play an important role in reducing the complication of diabetic neuropathy.

scholarly journals The analgesic and acute anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Paederia foetida (EEPF) on experimental animal models

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Das ◽  
P K Bordoloi ◽  
P Saikia ◽  
L Kanodia
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Paederia Foetida ◽  
Group A ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective:To study the analgesic and acute anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Paederia foetida (EEPF) on experimental animal models. Materials and Methods: Fresh leaves were collected, air-dried, powdered, and percolated in 95% ethanol. Acute toxicity test was done according to OECD guidelines. Healthy albino rats (150-200 gm) of either sex were taken and divided into five groups with six animals in each group for central analgesic activity by tail flick method. Peripheral analgesic activity by 1% glacial acetic acid induced writhing test by taking albino mice (20-30 gm) of either sex which were divided into three groups with six animals in each. EEPF was used in a dose of 500 mg/kg bodyweight subcutaneously for tail-flick method and orally for writhing test. In tail-flick method the basal reaction time was taken and a cut-off period of 10 sec was observed. Reaction time were recorded at predrug, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after administration of drug . The standard drug used for central analgesic activity was pethidine 5 mg/kg bw, naloxone 1mg/kg as antagonist and naloxone 1mg/kg bw with 500mg/kg bw of EEPF to study the central mechanism of action. The standard drug used for peripheral analgesic activity was aspirin 100mg/kg bw orally. A control group was maintained in all the models. For anti-inflammatory study, three groups of animals of either sex (n = 6), weighing 150-200g of the species Rattus norvegicus were taken for the study. Group A was taken as control (Normal salie, 10 mL/kg body weight), Group B as test group (EEPF 500 mg/kg body weight), and Group C as standard (Aspirin 100 mg/kg body weight). The animals were studied for acute inflammation by Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Statistical analysis  was done by one-way analysis of variance followed by multiple comparison tests.Results: EEPF significantly increased the reaction time in tail-flick method (p<0.05) whereas the combination of naloxone and EEPF decreased the reaction time indicating that naloxone inhibits the analgesic effect of EEPF. In 1% glacial acetic acid induced writhing EEPF reduced writhing significantly In acute inflammation, there was significant inhibition of paw edema in Groups B, C in comparison with Group A (P < 0.05). Conclusion:The ethanolic extract of Paederia foetida has significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i3.11723 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 03 July’12

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