Pengaruh Ekstrak Paederia foetida pada Kadar Kolesterol Total Tikus Model Hiperlipidemia yang Diinduksi Deksametason

Hiperlipidemia merupakan istilah yang mengacu pada kelainan yang menyebabkan peningkatan profil lipid dalam tubuh manusia. Menurut WHO, secara global, sepertiga penyakit jantung iskemik dikaitkan dengan kadar kolesterol yang tinggi. Peningkatan kadar kolesterol diperkirakan menyebabkan 94,9 juta disability adjusted life year (DALYs) dan 4,32 juta kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh ekstrak etanol Paederia foetida (EEPF) pada kadar kolesterol total tikus model hiperlipidemia yang diinduksi deksametason. Penelitian Penelitian eksperimen in vivo ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan desain penelitian post-test only complete randomized design (CRD). Proses penelitian dilaksanakan di Departemen Biokimia, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, dari bulan Juni 2021 hingga November 2021. Pembuatan EEPF dilakukan dengan metode maserasi pada pelarut etanol 96%. Hewan coba yang digunakan adalah tikus galur Wistar albino jantan berjumlah 30 ekor, sehat, dan berat badan 150-200 gram. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan membagi rata hewan coba secara acak menjadi kelompok kontrol normal, kontrol patogen, kelompok simvastatin, kelompok EEPF 250 mg/kg, dan kelompok EEPF 500 mg/kg. Sampel darah diambil dari vena pada bagian ekor dan kadar kolesterol total diukur dengan metode point of care testing (POCT). Analisis data dilakukan dengan One-way ANOVA dilanjutkan dengan uji post hoc Dunnett. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pemberian deksametason (10 mg/kg) selama 14 hari menyebabkan peningkatan kadar kolesterol total yang signifikan, sedangkan pada kelompok perlakuan simvastatin, EEPF 250 mg/kg, dan EEPF 500 mg/kg terjadi penurunan signifikan pada kadar kolesterol total jika dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol patogenik (P<0,001, P<0,05, P<0,05). Pemberian ekstrak etanol Paederia foetida dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total pada tikus model hiperlipidemia yang diinduksi deksametason.

The Effect of Various Concentrations of Ethanol Extract of the Leaves of Paederia foetida L. on the Growth of Escherichia Coli Bacteria

Bacterial infection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the cause of gastrointestinal disorders in humans has increased their prevalence. Treatment using natural ingredients can be a choice of therapy because of the minimal side effects. One of the rare plants believed by the community as an antibacterial is stinking vin’e known as the ‘leaf fart’. The purpose of this research is for knowing the activity of the ethanol extract of Paederia foetida L can affect the growth of E.coli. The serial diffusion disc method is being used as the antibacterial activity test. The concentration of this extract are 10%, 20%, 40%, 80%, 100% with positive control (ciprofloxacin) and negative control (aqua dest). The inhibition zone diameter characterized the effect of Extract on bacterial growth were 6.16 mm of the concentration 10%, 6.667 mm of the concentration 20%, 7.10 mm of the concentration 40 %, 7.78 mm of the concentration 80%, and 10.03 mm of the concentration 100%. As for the negative control has no effect. The study stated that the higher concentration of antibacterial agent used, the greater the inhibition zone formed. Based on the result of the analysis of the data by using the One-Way ANOVA Test showed a probability value (p) = 0.000 or value (p) < 0.05, that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. The conclusion is that the Extract of stinking vin’e has an antibacterial effect on the growth of E.coli. Keywords: Antibacterial, E.coli, Extract of Sembukan leaf

Antibacterial Activity of Endophytic Fungi from Sembukan (Paederia foetida L.) Leaves

The antibiotic resistance of phatogenic bacteria has become a serious health problem and has encouraged the search for novel and effective antimicrobial metabolites. Meanwhile, endophytic fungi have great potential as a natural source for antimicrobial agents. The endophytic fungi that live in plant tissue produces secondary metabolites which potentially act as an antibacterial compound. The isolation of fungi for antibacterial sources reduces the large amount of plant as a source of antibacterial agents. Hence, this study aims to obtain endophytic fungi isolates from Paederia foetida L. that are capable of producing secondary metabolites as antibacterial, carry out in vitro tests to verify the antibacterial properties of secondary metabolites of the Paederia foetida L. endophytic fungi, and identify the potential of Paederia foetida L. endophytic fungi in producing antibacterial compounds. The antibacterial activity was tested against Escherichia coli ATCC8739 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538 while seven isolates of endophytic fungi that potentially produced antibacterial were obtained from Sembukan (P. foetida L.). The results showed that antibacterial activities of SL1, SL4 and SL6 secondary metabolites against S. aureus ATCC6538 and E. coli ATCC8739 were moderate to strong activities. Furthermore, the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) of secondary metabolites extract of SL1 against S. aureus ATCC6538 value was 250 ????g/mL while the values of MIC extract of SL4 against S. aureus ATCC6538 and E. coli ATCC8739 were 125 ????g/mL and 250 ????g/mL respectively and MIC extract of SL6 against E. coli ATCC8739 value was 125 ????g/mL. The secondary metabolites extract of SL1 isolate were alkaloid and tannin, SL4 were phenolic and alkaloid while SL6 isolate were alkaloid and terpenoid. Hence, endophytic fungi SL1 isolate was identified as Fusarium sp., SL4 as Dematophora sp., and SL6 isolate as Acremonium sp.

Anti-Melanogenic Effects of Paederia foetida L. Extract via MAPK Signaling-Mediated MITF Downregulation

In this study, in order to explore the anti-melanogenic effect of PFE (Paederia foetida L. extract) and suggest its availability, B16F10 cells, which are murine melanoma cells, were stimulated with alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) to conduct an in vitro experiment. Treatment with PFE in B16F10 cells with activated melanogenesis due to stimulants showed that PFE significantly inhibits melanin content as well as intracellular tyrosinase activity within a range that does not cause cytotoxicity. In addition, Western blot assay demonstrated that PFE strongly inhibited the protein expression of not only tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-1, -2, and tyrosinase, but also microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Moreover, mechanism studies have shown that PFE processing inhibited the activation of melanin production by regulating the phosphorylation of each mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family in the MAPK signaling pathway. To test the biocompatibility of PFE on human skin, a primary skin irritation test was performed. The results revealed that PFE did not have any side effects on human skin. These findings suggest that PFE holds great potential as a skin whitening agent and in the prevention of hyperpigmentation disorders.

Regeneration of Medicinal Plant Paederia foetida through Direct Organogenesis using Nodal Explants

Chinese fever vine (Paederia foetida L.), a valuable medicinal plant has been greatly utilized in therapeutic purposes throughout the world. Since conventional propagation techniques of P. foetida are very slow, inefficient and cannot cope with the increasing demand, in-vitro regeneration through tissue culture could be an alternative means of rapid propagation. Therefore, the efforts were made to develop a suitable protocol through direct organogenesis of P. foetida. After surface sterilization, the nodal explants were cultured in Murashigue and Skoog (MS) medium and MS medium supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators. MS medium supplemented with 6-benzylaminopurine; BAP (2.0 mg L-1) produced the maximum number of shoots; 4.40 ± 0.98 and 5.40±1.12 after 15 and 30 days of culture respectively. The number of shoots gained by 15 days was found to be the highest; 1.20±0.80 at BAP (4.0 mg L-1) followed by 1.00±0.55 at BAP (2.0 mg L-1). Although the combination of BAP + Kinetin (2 mg L-1 +2 mg L-1) showed the highest shoot growth (3.40 ± 1.08 cm) by 15 days, sole application of BAP (2.0 mg L-1) or Kn (0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg L-1) showed similar responses. BAP (2.0 mg L-1) showed the best responses for developing the highest number of leaves; 18.60 ± 2.42 and 29.20 ± 2.73 respectively after 15 and 30 days of culture. Similarly, development of the maximum number of leaves (10.60 ± 0.68) was reported by 15 days at BAP (2.0 mg L-1). Rooting was significantly induced in indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) supplemented to 1/2 strength MS medium as compared to control (only ½ strength MS medium). The best performance of rooting was observed by 0.5 mg L-1 IAA which produced average 4.33 roots per shoot after 21 days of culture. The regenerated plants showed similar morphology to the mother plants. Thus, a suitable protocol for successful multiplication of P. foetida in vitro was established using nodal explants. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 88-98

UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN SEMBUKAN (Paederia foetida) TERHADAP Vibrio cholerae

Sembukan leaf (Paederia foetida) is one of a tropical Asian plant that contains bioactive compounds and often used as functional foods. The aim of this research was to determine the concentration of flavonoid compounds sembukan leaf (Paederia foetida) as well as the concentration of inhibitory against the growth of Vibrio cholerae. This study uses an experimental design with 5 kinds concentrations : 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%, with three replications. The analysis were repeated 3 times resulting in 15 experimental units. The data were presented in descriptive statistic in the form of tables and figures. The results showed that the sembukan leaf extract contained flavonoid compounds of 1.18%. The extract concentration of 80% exerted the highest inhibitory activity against V. cholerae classified as strong with a diameter zone inhibition of 19.60 mm. The sembukan leaf has percentage inhibition in the range of 15.36% - 64.86% with bacteriostatic category.