scholarly journals Beyond Conflict and Spoilt Identities: How Rwandan Leaders Justify a Single Recategorization Model for Post-Conflict Reconciliation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 435-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrun Marie Moss
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identities ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Constructs ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The People ◽  
Social Identity Threat ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conflict Reconciliation ◽  
The Right

Since 1994, the Rwandan government has attempted to remove the division of the population into the ‘ethnic’ identities Hutu, Tutsi and Twa and instead make the shared Rwandan identity salient. This paper explores how leaders justify the single recategorization model, based on nine in-depth semi-structured interviews with Rwandan national leaders (politicians and bureaucrats tasked with leading unity implementation) conducted in Rwanda over three months in 2011/2012. Thematic analysis revealed this was done through a meta-narrative focusing on the shared Rwandan identity. Three frames were found in use to “sell” this narrative where ethnic identities are presented as a) an alien construction; b) which was used to the disadvantage of the people; and c) non-essential social constructs. The material demonstrates the identity entrepreneurship behind the single recategorization approach: the definition of the category boundaries, the category content, and the strategies for controlling and overcoming alternative narratives. Rwandan identity is presented as essential and legitimate, and as offering a potential way for people to escape spoilt subordinate identities. The interviewed leaders insist Rwandans are all one, and that the single recategorization is the right path for Rwanda, but this approach has been criticised for increasing rather than decreasing intergroup conflict due to social identity threat. The Rwandan case offers a rare opportunity to explore leaders’ own narratives and framing of these ‘ethnic’ identities to justify the single recategorization approach.

Collaborative design in public services: a wicked problem-reframing case

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Moura e Sá ◽  
Catarina Frade ◽  
Fernanda Jesus ◽  
Mónica Lopes ◽  
Teresa Maneca Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Collaborative Design ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Wicked Problem ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Success ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

PurposeWicked problems require collaborative innovation approaches. Understanding the problem from the users' perspective is essential. Based on a complex and ill-defined case, the purpose of the current paper is to identify some critical success factors in defining the “right problem” to be addressed.Design/methodology/approachAn empirical research study was carried out in a low-density municipality (case study). Extensive data were collected from official databases, individual semi-structured interviews and a focus group involving citizens, local authorities, civil servants and other relevant stakeholders.FindingsAs defined by the central government, the problem to be addressed by the research team was to identify which justice services should be made available locally to a small- and low-density community. The problem was initially formulated using top-down reasoning. In-depth contact with citizens and key local players revealed that the lack of justice services was not “the issue” for that community. Mobility constraints and the shortage of economic opportunities had a considerable impact on the lack of demand for justice services. By using a bottom-up perspective, it was possible to reframe the problem to be addressed and suggest a new concept to be tested at later stages.Social implicationsThe approach followed called attention to the importance of listening to citizens and local organisations with a profound knowledge of the territory to effectively identify and circumscribe a local problem in the justice field.Originality/valueThe paper highlights the limitations of traditional rational problem-solving approaches and contributes to expanding the voice-of-the-customer principle showing how it can lead to a substantially new definition of the problem to be addressed.

scholarly journals Addressing the Problems of Land Registration Processes in Complex Land Tenure Systems Using Computational Techniques: Evidence from Accra Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-57
Author(s):  
Williams Miller Appau ◽  
Baslyd B. Nara ◽  
Javier G. Morales
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Systems Design ◽  
Computational Techniques ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Land Registration ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
The People ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Land Tenure Systems

Land registration processes have been described to be simplistic in simple land tenure environments where land rights are treasured and registered by the state on behalf of the people. Duplication of tasks, repeated preparation of land registration documents, and wrong definition of tasks affect the activities and processes of land registration characterising complex land tenure environments. Many qualitative land registration models such as the use of Unified Modified Language (UML) diagrams have been developed to show the frameworks of land registration processes in most parts of the world. However, most researches avoid the technical implementation of these models. This paper presents the quantitative approaches to addressing the problems of land registration processes in complex land tenure systems using computational techniques such as Process Maker and Java Script. The paper used case study approach to collect data and systems design method for the output. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data from the Lands Commission of Accra and its stakeholders. Process maker software was operationalised using GeoJSON parcel file. Results show that, the simplification of land registration processes is based on the rationale behind the change (Data error, improved capacity, service quality), and the semantics (process re-engineering) involved in the computation of the modelling processes. The outcome has the ability to simplify an otherwise complex tenure system by avoiding delays and therefore improving the land registration processes.

Legislative Department

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-104
Author(s):  
Danny M. Adkison ◽  
Lisa McNair Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
The State ◽  
Legislative Authority ◽  
The People ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Supreme Court Rulings ◽  
The U.S

This chapter assesses Article V of the Oklahoma constitution, which concerns the legislative department. Section 1 states that “the Legislative authority of the State shall be vested in a Legislature, consisting of a Senate and a House of Representatives.” However, “the people reserve to themselves the power to propose laws and amendments to the Constitution and to enact or reject the same at the polls independent of the Legislature, and also reserve power at their own option to approve or reject at the polls any act of the Legislature.” Section 2 provides for the designation and definition of reserved powers. Initiative means the power of the people to propose bills, and to enact or reject them at the polls. Referendum is the right of the people to have bills passed by the legislature submitted to the voters for their approval. Meanwhile, in May 1964, the Oklahoma constitution was amended to conform to the U.S. Supreme Court rulings. The amendment passed and Sections 9 through 16 were replaced with Sections 9A through 11E. The chapter then details the provisions for the Senate and the House of Representatives.

Gazed and subdued? Spectacle, spatial order and identity in the contested city

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bree T Hocking
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Business Leaders ◽  
Political Repression ◽  
Tourist Gaze ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Conflict Reconciliation ◽  
The Right

From 2012–2013, Northern Ireland was rocked by loyalist protests over limits placed on flying the British flag at Belfast City Hall. The sometimes-violent manifestations were roundly condemned by officials and business leaders as an assault on ‘Brand Northern Ireland’, a threat to the province’s reputation as a successful model of post-conflict reconciliation and reconstruction. Accordingly, this article revises and updates Goffman’s concept of ‘a veneer of consensus’ to show how new regimes of political repression are inaugurated in the name of ‘tourism’. With the tourist gaze invoked by local officials as both neutral arbiter and economic imperative, the protests are subsequently assessed as a form of power negotiation, whereby symbolic contestation over the right to define the image of place in both physical and virtual spaces assumed an intensely political role.

scholarly journals Some social values driven from verses about believer's characteristics, and the educational applications of these values: بعض القيم الاجتماعية المستنبطة من آيات صفات المؤمنين وتطبيقاتها التربوية

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rawan Mansour Bakhit Al-Qathami
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Social Values ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Educational Applications ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

This research aims at investigating some social values at Surat Almu'mnoon at the Holy Qura'n, as well as the effects of these values and their educational applications. The descriptive and the deductive methods are used in this research, The research deals with the definition of the believers, the social values, and some verses of the characteristics of believers and the social values included in them, in addition to the effects of these values and their educational applications. The most important findings of the research are: the promotion of virtue and prevention of vice include an inclusive meaning, which is the call for all what Allah loves and approves from the imposed right deeds which are acquaintance with people. Moreover, prevention of vice, taboos and things that contradict the right common sense. The values of for the promotion of virtue and prevention of vice are basics of the fundamentals of religion and are bulwarks for the believers that keep the people away from the temptations and the evil of sins and vice.

scholarly journals Influence of reconciliation programmes on the reconciliation attitudes of war-affected adolescents in Northern Uganda

Afrika Focus ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Benjamin Alipanga ◽  
Maarten De Schryver ◽  
Stella Neema ◽  
Eric Broekaert ◽  
Ilse Derluyn
Keyword(s):  
Social Situation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Daily Stressors ◽  
Limited Impact ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The People ◽  
Intervention Community ◽  
Conflict Reconciliation

Whether post-conflict reconciliation programmes are able to change hostile behaviours is not known. This study sought to assess the influence of reconciliation programmes on the reconciliation attitudes of war-affected adolescents in two communities in Northern Uganda. Four hundred and forty five adolescents within two communities, one with and the other without interventions were assessed for exposure to war-related and daily stressors and place of residence using hierarchical regression analysis to predict reconciliation attitudes. Adolescents in the non-intervention community recorded more positive and also more negative reconciliation attitudes; exposure to daily and war-related stressors was more positively associated with increasing reconciliation attitudes among adolescents in the non-intervention than those in the intervention community. Overall the programmes recorded limited impact on reconciliation attitudes, perhaps due to the pervasive adverse social situation of the people. Conclusion: there is a need for multi-pronged, collaborative programme efforts targeting holistic recovery programmes with focus on changing negative reconciliation attitudes.

Palliative care needs assessment tools

2021 ◽  
pp. 1191-1208
Author(s):  
Afaf Girgis ◽  
Amy Waller ◽  
Breanne Hobden
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Needs Assessment ◽  
Routine Care ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The People ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

The delivery of appropriate and equitable care is a challenge facing many areas of healthcare, including palliative care. This chapter discusses the concept of needs assessment, which is inherent in the World Health Organization’s definition of palliative care, and considers strategies for assessment of needs and experiences. It focuses on tools developed specifically for this purpose, including generic needs assessment tools for any chronic disease and needs assessment tools for specific patient groups including those with advanced cancer, dementia, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or HIV/AIDS. It reiterates the importance of needs assessment tools being implemented as part of routine care to facilitate the right care being offered to people at the time they most need it, by the people or service which is most appropriate to meet identified needs.

SIXTY-FIVE YEARS AND IT SHOWS THEM ALL: PROPOSALS FOR AMENDING THE 1951 CONVENTION RELATING TO THE STATUS OF REFUGEES

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-83
Author(s):  
Federico Lenzerini
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
International Regulation ◽  
The People ◽  
The Status ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Human Rights Standards ◽  
Second World

The 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees was one of the major accomplishments of the post-Second-World-War international legal community. It became the cornerstone of the international regulation of the right of asylum and represented the spark that ignited subsequent developments of international law in the field of asylum and refugees. Even more notable is the fact that the Convention has continued to have considerable impact despite the passing of time. However, 65 years after its adoption the Convention is showing signs of ageing, because several of its provisions are inconsistent with the present state of evolution of international human rights law. These provisions would therefore need to be updated, taking into consideration contemporary human rights standards, so as to make the Convention a living instrument capable of effectively addressing the needs of the people to whose protection it is devoted. The provisions which most require amendment are Article 1(A)(2), providing the definition of “refugee”, the exclusion clauses included in Article 1(F), and the exceptions to the prohibition of refoulement contemplated by Article 33(2).

scholarly journals Restorative Justice in Transitional Sierra Leone

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Apori Nkansah
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Truth And Reconciliation Commission ◽  
Truth Commissions ◽  
Truth Telling ◽  
Truth And Reconciliation ◽  
Sierra Leonean ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
The People ◽  
Conflict Reconciliation

Intense debate surrounds truth commissions as to their mission, perceived roles and outcomes. This paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of truth commissions in post-conflict settings. It examines the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) for Sierra Leone, the first truth commission to be engaged concurrently with a retributive mechanism, the Special Court for Sierra Leone for transitional justice. The study finds that the TRC provided an opening for conversation in Sierra Leonean communities to search for the meanings of truth about the conflict. In this way the communities simultaneously created an understanding of the situation and set reconciliation directions and commitment from the process of creative conversation.  This notwithstanding, the TRC did not have the needed public cooperation because the people were not sure the war was over and feared that their assailants could harm them if they disclosed the truth to the TRC. The presence of the Special Court also created tensions and fears rendering the transitional environment unfriendly to the reconciliation and truth telling endeavors of the TRC. The study has implications for future truth commissions in that the timing for post-conflict reconciliation endeavors should take into consideration the state of the peace equilibrium of the societies involved. It should also be packaged for harmonious existence in a given transitional contexts, particularly where it will coexist with a retributive mechanism.

scholarly journals Habilitacja jako warunek awansu naukowego w Polsce w latach 1990–2018

2019 ◽  
pp. 29-72
Author(s):  
Krstyna Wojtczak
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Assistant Professor ◽  
New Order ◽  
Academic Degree ◽  
The People ◽  
Central Commission ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right ◽  
Scientific Degree

The right to conduct habilitacja (“habilitation”) proceedings under Polish law is not a new solution. These proceedings were conducted both in the interwar period, in the first years of the People’ s Poland, and during the Polish People’s Republic. The solutions adopted in those periods differed. Until the end of People’s Poland, the proceedings ended with the right to lecture (veniam legendi) but with no possibility of obtaining a scientific degree, in the years 1951–1958, following the example of Soviet solutions, the proceedings allowed to obtain a scientific degree of doctor of sciences, from 1958 to obtain a degree of a docent (assistant professor), and from 1968 – the degree of doktor habilitowany. The differences in legal solutions adopted at that time were also clearly visible in the conditions which higher education institutions had to meet in order to obtain the right to conduct the proceedings and confer titles, and candidates to be promoted to a higher degree of doktor habilitowany. Although the possibility of acquiring the degree of doktor habilitowany was re­tained from 1990 onwards, the legal conditions for the conduct of habilitacja pro­ceedings did not resemble the solutions of previous years. And so, as in the Act of 1965, as well as after 1990 the conferral of academic degrees was excluded from the law on higher education, but this law itself was subject to much more modest regulation. It was not until the Act of 2003 that solutions were introduced to grad­ually tighten the conditions imposed on organisational units applying for the right to confer the academic degree of doktor habilitowany and on persons applying for the initiation of habilitacja proceedings, as well as on the course of such proceedings. The year 2011 brought revolutionary changes in this respect. The amending law introduced a new order in the process leading to the conferral of the academic degree of doktor habilitowany. It covered not only the requirements which organisa­tional units applying for the right to ‘habilitate’ in the fields of science and scientific disciplines had to satisfy, but also a re-definition of these conditions. The course of the ‘habilitation’ proceedings and the participation in it of the Central Commission and the board of the relevant organisational unit, as well as the person applying for the degree of doktor habilitowany were significantly changed.

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