scholarly journals Predicting current voting intentions by Big Five personality domains, facets, and nuances – A random forest analysis approach in a German sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Sindermann ◽  
René Mõttus ◽  
Dmitri Rozgonjuk ◽  
Christian Montag
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Random Forest ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
German Sample ◽  
Random Forest Analysis ◽  
Center Party ◽  
Voting Intentions

To understand what was driving individual differences in voting intentions in a large German sample, we investigated the predictability of voting intentions from the Big Five personality domains, facets, and nuances, thereby tackling shortcomings of previous studies. Using random forest analyses in a dataset of N = 4,286 individuals (46.01% men), separate models were trained to predict intentions to 1) not vote versus to vote, 2) vote for a specific party, and 3) vote for a left- versus right-from-the-center party from either the Big Five personality domains, facets, or nuances (represented by individual items). Except for intentions to not vote versus to vote, balanced accuracies to predict voting intentions marginally exceeded those achieved by a baseline learner always predicting the majority class. Using nuances over facets and domains slightly increased balanced accuracies. Results indicate that additional variables should be considered to accurately predict voting intentions, at least in German samples.

scholarly journals Is it possible to predict current voting intentions by Big Five personality domains, facets, and nuances? A random forest analysis approach in a German sample

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia Sindermann ◽  
René Mõttus ◽  
Dmitri Rozgonjuk ◽  
Christian Montag
Keyword(s):  
Random Forest ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
German Sample ◽  
Forest Models ◽  
Classification Errors ◽  
Random Forest Models ◽  
Tremendous Importance ◽  
Voting Decisions ◽  
Voting Intentions

Voting decisions of individual voters have the power to influence political developments by enabling certain parties and politicians to govern their country. Therefore, it is of tremendous importance to understand what is driving individual differences in voting intentions and decisions. This study investigated the predictability of voting intentions in a German sample by Big Five of personality domains, facets, and nuances/items; thereby overcoming several shortcomings of previous studies descriptively associating Big Five domains and voting behaviors.A dataset of N = 4,997 people (48.19% men) was investigated. Random forest models were trained and tested at different split ratios of training-to-test datasets 1,000 times. Mean classification errors and variable importance scores across runs at each split were extracted to predict i) voting versus non-voting, ii) voting for specific parties, iii) voting for left- versus right-from-the-center parties.Only voting and non-voting could be predicted with classification errors consistently below 10% by Big Five domains, facets, and items. Openness was one important domain in this prediction. Investigating facets and nuances did not enhance prediction over investigating domains.

scholarly journals A meta-analysis on individual differences in primary emotional systems and Big Five personality traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Marengo ◽  
Kenneth L. Davis ◽  
Gökçe Özkarar Gradwohl ◽  
Christian Montag
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Affective Neuroscience ◽  
Emotional Systems

AbstractThe Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) were constructed as a self-report assessment to measure individual differences in Jaak Panksepp’s cross-species primary emotional systems: SEEKING, PLAY, CARE (positive emotions) and FEAR, SADNESS, ANGER (negative emotions). Beginning with the first published work on the ANPS in 2003, individual differences on the ANPS measures of these six primary emotional systems have been consistently linked to Big Five personality traits. From a theoretical perspective, these primary emotional systems arising from subcortical regions, shed light on the nature of the Big Five personality traits from an evolutionary perspective, because each of these primary emotional systems represent a tool for survival endowing mammalian species with inherited behavioral programs to react appropriately to complex environments. The present work revisited 21 available samples where both ANPS and Big Five measures have been administered. Our meta-analytical analysis provides solid evidence that high SEEKING relates to high Openness to Experience, high PLAY to high Extraversion, high CARE/low ANGER to high Agreeableness and high FEAR/SADNESS/ANGER to high Neuroticism. This seems to be true regardless of the ANPS inventory chosen, although much more work is needed in this area. Associations between primary emotional systems and Conscientiousness were in the lower effect size area across all six primary emotions, thereby supporting the idea that Conscientiousness rather seems to be less directly related with the subcortical primary emotions and likely is the most cognitive/cortical personality construct out of the Big Five. In sum, the present work underlines the idea that individual differences in primary emotional systems represent evolutionarily ancient foundations of human personality, given their a) meaningful links to the prominent Big Five model and b) their origins lying in subcortical areas of the human brain.

Associations of Identity Dimensions with Big Five Personality Domains and Facets

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theo A. Klimstra ◽  
Koen Luyckx ◽  
Luc Goossens ◽  
Eveline Teppers ◽  
Filip De Fruyt
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Identity Formation ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Exploration Process ◽  
Positive Side ◽  
Personality Facets ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Multidimensional Models

Personality is among the most important factors contributing to individual differences in identity formation. However, previous studies mainly focused on broad personality domains and neglected more specific facets. In addition, it has only recently been recognized that identity formation is guided by multiple types of commitment and exploration. The present study aimed to remedy these limitations by relating the 30 personality facets of the NEO–PI–3 to five identity dimensions. In general, identity formation was especially facilitated by high levels of Conscientiousness and, to a lesser extent, also by high levels of Extraversion and low levels of Neuroticism. Openness and Agreeableness predicted greater involvement in both the positive side (i.e. exploration in breadth and depth) and negative side (i.e. ruminative exploration) of the exploration process. Personality facets and their overarching domains, as well as facets underlying the same domain, were often differentially associated with identity dimensions. Additionally, we found that some personality facets both have bright and dark sides, as they predicted both proactive identity work and a weakened sense of identity. Overall, the present study underscores the utility of multidimensional models of identity formation and points to the benefits of considering personality facets in addition to broad domains. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Transphobia and Gender Bashing in Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Individual Differences and Psychosocial Variables

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110021
Author(s):  
Cristian Cabrera ◽  
Jorge-Manuel Dueñas ◽  
Sandra Cosi ◽  
Fabia Morales-Vives
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Big Five Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Transgender People ◽  
Social Reputation ◽  
And Gender

Although research in recent years has revealed widespread discrimination against transgender people, few studies have addressed the attitudes of those who discriminate. In fact, although studies report that bullying is very common in adolescence, little is known about the attitudes of adolescents towards transgender people. This study aimed to determine the roles of social reputation, family socialisation, the big five personality traits and aggressiveness in transphobia and gender bashing among adolescents. The sample consisted of 479 students (50.1% boys) aged 14–19 (M = 15.04; SD = 1.06). The results revealed that transphobia and gender bashing were significantly related to the study variables. Specifically, the results showed that transphobia is largely predicted by variables of the type related to affect and personality, while gender bashing is largely related to variables of a social and reputational nature. Similarly, differences were found between genders, with boys having significantly higher scores than girls for transphobia and gender bashing, as well as specificity of predictors. The implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Who Is Impacted? Personality Predicts Individual Differences in Psychological Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany

2020 ◽  
pp. 194855062095257
Author(s):  
Nick Modersitzki ◽  
Le Vy Phan ◽  
Niclas Kuper ◽  
John F. Rauthmann
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
German Sample ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Public Lives

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to changes in people’s private and public lives that are unprecedented in modern history. However, little is known about the differential psychological consequences of restrictions that have been imposed to fight the pandemic. In a large and diverse German sample ( N = 1,320), we examined how individual differences in psychological consequences of the pandemic (perceived restrictiveness of government-supported measures, global pandemic-related appraisals, subjective well-being) were associated with a broad set of faceted personality traits (Big Five, Honesty-Humility, Dark Triad). Facets of Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Openness were among the strongest and most important predictors of psychological outcomes, even after controlling for basic sociodemographic variables (gender, age). These findings suggest that psychological consequences of the pandemic depend on personality and thus add to the growing literature on the importance of considering individual differences in crisis situations.

Evidence for a Heritable General Factor of Personality in Two Studies

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Veselka ◽  
Julie Aitken Schermer ◽  
K. V. Petrides ◽  
Philip Anthony Vernon
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Model Fitting ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
General Factor Of Personality ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractTwo studies were conducted to see whether a general factor of personality (GFP) could be extracted from different measures of personality. Using samples of twins in both studies also allowed an assessment of the extent to which genetic and/ or environmental factors contributed to individual differences in the GFPs that were found. In Study 1, principal components analysis of the Big Five personality traits in combination with four scales of mental toughness yielded a strong GFP and behavior genetic model-fitting showed that individual differences in this GFP were fully accounted for by genetic and nonshared environmental factors. In Study 2, a GFP was extracted from the Big Five traits in combination with 15 facets of emotional intelligence. Individual differences in this GFP were also fully accounted for by genetic and nonshared environmental factors. These studies add to the growing body of research demonstrating the existence of a GFP and replicate one previous report of its heritability.

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