Do psychological features distinguish those who sexually offend against different age groups from those who are stable in victim age?

Aim/Background Victim age polymorphism occurs when someone offends against victims that span multiple age groups (e.g., child and adult victims). There is a need to better understand the correlates of age polymorphism, as clinicians are often asked about risk of offending against victims who may differ from the index offence victim as part of their risk formulation. The present study examines several potential correlates of age polymorphism: psychopathy, sexual preoccupation, multiple paraphilias, psychosis, and substance use disorders. Materials/Method Analyses were conducted using secondary clinical assessment data from a provincial forensic sexual behaviour program. The sample included 387 men with two or more contact sexual offence victims. The assessment data in the archival database included comprehensive information about victim age, as well as standardized assessment measures and diagnostic/clinical impressions. Results There were no significant associations between age polymorphism and psychopathy, multiple paraphilias, sexual preoccupation, psychosis, and substance use disorders. The only significant difference that emerged was that men who offended against victims 16 or older had a higher mean score on a measure of drug misuse than those who offended against victims 6 to 11. Most of the analyses produced small effects. Conclusion Our findings did not identify significant correlates of age polymorphism when restricting analyses to those men who offended against two or more victims. We consider key methodological differences that may have impacted our findings, as well as the need for rigorously designed research to develop a comprehensive model of age polymorphism.

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Estimating the Prevalence of Mental and Substance Use Disorders: A Systematic Approach to Triangulating Available Data to Inform Health Systems Planning:: Estimer la prévalence des troubles mentaux et des troubles liés à une substance: une approche systématique de la triangulation des données disponibles pour éclairer la planification du système de santé

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/07067437211006872 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 070674372110068

Author(s):

Daniel Vigo ◽

Wayne Jones ◽

Naomi Dove ◽

Daniel E. Maidana ◽

Corinne Tallon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Substance Use ◽

Health Systems ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Age Groups ◽

Data Sources ◽

Distribution Model ◽

Systems Planning ◽

Prevalence Estimates ◽

Age And Sex

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of specific mental and substance use disorders (MSUDs), by age and sex, as a first step toward informing needs-based health systems planning by decision-makers. Methods: We developed a conceptual framework and a systematic methodology for combining available data sources to yield prevalence estimates for specific MSUDs. Data sources used included published, peer-reviewed literature from Canada and comparable countries, Canadian population survey data, and health administrative data from British Columbia. Several well-established methodologies including systematic review and meta-analyses of published prevalence estimates, modelling of age- and sex-specific distributions, and the Global Burden of Disease severity distribution model were incorporated in a novel mode of triangulation. Results: Using this novel approach, we obtained prevalence estimates for 10 MSUDs for British Columbia, Canada, as well as prevalence distributions across age groups, by sex. Conclusion: Obtaining reliable assessments of disorder prevalence and severity is a useful first step toward rationally estimating service need and plan health services. We propose a methodology to leverage existing information to obtain robust estimates in a timely manner and with sufficient granularity to, after adjusting for comorbidity and matching with severity-specific service bundles, inform need-based planning efforts for adult (15 years and older) mental health and substance use services.

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Abstract 228: National Prevalence of Substance Use Disorders Among Hospitalized Heart Failure Patients

Circulation Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes ◽

10.1161/circoutcomes.11.suppl_1.228 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Sarah C Snow ◽

Gregg C Fonarow ◽

Joseph A Ladapo ◽

Donna L Washington ◽

Katherine Hoggatt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Substance Use ◽

Native American ◽

Drug Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Age Groups ◽

Opioid Use ◽

Drug Use Disorders ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Drug Use Disorder

Background: Several cardiotoxic substances contribute to the development of heart failure (HF). The burden of comorbid substance use disorders (SUD) among patients with HF is under-characterized. Objectives: To describe the national burden of comorbid SUD (tobacco, alcohol, or drug use disorders) among hospitalized HF patients in the U.S. Methods: We used data from the 2014 National Inpatient Sample to calculate the proportion of hospitalizations for a primary HF admission with tobacco, alcohol, or drug use disorder diagnoses, accounting for demographic factors. Drug use disorder analysis was further sub-divided into specific illicit substance categories. Results: There were a total of 989,080 HF hospitalizations of which 35.3% (n=348,995) had a documented SUD. Tobacco use disorder (TUD) was most common (n= 327,220, 33.1%) followed by drug use disorder (DUD) (n=34,600, 3.5%) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) (n=34,285, 3.5%). Female sex was associated with less TUD (OR 0.59; 95% CI, 0.58-0.60), AUD (OR 0.23; 95% CI, 0.22-0.25) or DUD (OR 0.58; 95% CI 0.55-0.62). Tobacco, alcohol, cocaine, and opioid use disorders were highest among HF patients age 45 to 55, while cannabis and amphetamine use was highest in those <45 years. Native American race (versus White) was associated with increased risk of AUD (OR 1.67; 95% CI 1.27-2.20). Black race was associated with increased risk of AUD (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.02-1.16) or DUD (OR 1.63; 95% CI 1.53-1.74). Medicaid insurance (versus Medicare) was associated with greater TUD (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.23-1.32), AUD (OR 1.74; 95% CI 1.62-1.87), and DUD (OR 2.15; 95% CI 2.01-2.30). Decreasing quartiles of median household income were associated with increasing SUD. Conclusions: Comorbid SUD disproportionately affects certain HF populations, including men, younger age groups, lower SES patients, and race/ethnic minorities. Further research on interventions to improve prevention and treatment of SUD among hospitalized HF patients are needed given the high rates of SUD in this population. Systematically screening hospitalized HF patients for SUD may reveal opportunities for treatment and secondary prevention.

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Why Should We Focus on Emerging Adults with Substance Use Disorders?

Emerging Adults and Substance Use Disorder Treatment ◽

10.1093/med-psych/9780190490782.003.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1-15

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Emerging Adulthood ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

First Language ◽

Developmentally Appropriate ◽

Age Groups ◽

Treatment Access ◽

Problematic Substance Use ◽

Problematic Substance

Emerging adulthood (roughly ages 18–29) is the lifespan period when the peak prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD) and substance use occurs. Opportunities for prevention and intervention abound during these years. This chapter provides a brief introduction to the concept of emerging adulthood, as well as a laundry list of terms used to describe problematic substance use. The chapter argues that we must be mindful of using person-first language and, based on available stigma research, advocates for use of the term substance use disorder. The chapter then presents a strong rationale for creating more developmentally appropriate treatments for emerging adults. This rationale is based on three pillars: (1) emerging adults’ current underrepresentation in large outcome studies, (2) existing disparities in treatment outcomes between emerging adults and individuals in other age groups, and (3) the possibility of expanded substance use treatment access under healthcare reform.

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Therapeutic Community Treatment of an Inmate Population with Substance Use Disorders: Post-Release Trends in Re-Arrest, Re-Incarceration, and Drug Misuse Relapse

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph120607059 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 7059-7072 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Alexandra Galassi ◽

Elias Mpofu ◽

James Athanasou

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Therapeutic Community ◽

Community Treatment ◽

Drug Misuse ◽

Inmate Population ◽

Therapeutic Community Treatment

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Improving clinical management for consumers with co-existing mentalhealth and substance use disorders

Australian Health Review ◽

10.1071/ah010118 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 118 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Margaret J Tobin ◽

Beth Matters ◽

Luxin Chen ◽

Roisin Smith ◽

Cynthia Stuhlmiller

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Substance Use ◽

Quality Improvement ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

National Policy ◽

Practice Change ◽

Drug Misuse ◽

Improvement Project ◽

Clinical Practice Change

Using Quality Improvement project methodology, complex organisational and clinical practice change was broughtabout to improve services for people with co-existing mental health and alcohol and drug misuse. The project describeslocal uptake and adaptation of national and state policy to achieve change that is sustainable within existing resources.Emphasis on engagement of staff and consumers and carers throughout the change was an essential component. Theproject has implications for the introduction of changes in response to other national policy directives.

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Substance use disorder and the baby boomers: Does German outpatient addiction care face a change?

European Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/eurpub/ckaa165.686 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽

Author(s):

S Specht ◽

B Braun-Michl ◽

L Schwarzkopf ◽

D Piontek ◽

N Seitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Baby Boomers ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Age Groups ◽

Random Intercept ◽

Sustained Change ◽

Using Data ◽

Addiction Care ◽

Primary Substance

Abstract Background The aging of baby boomers is expected to confront addiction care with new challenges. This study aims to investigate if German addiction care is confronted with a sustained change in its clientele that was initiated by the baby boomers. Methods Using data from Berlin outpatient addiction care facilities, we contrasted type of primary substance use disorder and number of comorbid substance use disorders in baby boomers with an older (n = 6524) as well as a younger cohort (n = 15677). To isolate cohort effects, two-level random-intercept regression models were applied in the overlapping age groups of the baby boomer cohort with each other cohort. Results Compared to the older cohort, alcohol use disorder lost importance while illicit substances use disorder gained importance in the baby boomers. Baby boomers presented a higher number of comorbid substance use disorders than the older cohort. Comparing baby boomers with the younger cohort, these relationships pointed in the opposite direction. Conclusions Outpatient addiction care faces a sustained change to more illicit and comorbid substance use disorders. The addiction care system ought to adapt its services to address the changing needs of its clientele. Key messages Baby boomers differed in comparison to the older cohort regarding type of substance use disorder and comorbid substance use disorders. The changes set off by the baby boomers continued in the younger cohort.

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Critical Care Medicine

Mayo Clinic Internal Medicine Board Review ◽

10.1093/med/9780190464868.003.0070 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 719-728

Author(s):

Cassie C. Kennedy

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Critical Care ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Age Groups ◽

Psychosocial Treatment ◽

Racial Groups ◽

Self Help ◽

Self Help Groups ◽

Alcohol And Other Drugs ◽

Pharmacologic Agents

Alcohol and other substance use disorders are a major concern in all age groups and across all ethnic, socioeconomic, and racial groups. Despite high lifetime prevalence (up to 20%), less than 10% of persons with substance use disorders are involved in treatment (either self-help groups or professional care). Several pharmacologic agents are available to help diminish the craving for alcohol and other drugs or to deter relapse. Although several medications, including disulfiram, acamprosate, and naltrexone, may help prevent relapse, they are adjunctive and not a substitute for comprehensive psychosocial treatment.

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Alcohol and Drug Problems

A Family Guide to Coping with Substance Use Disorders ◽

10.1093/med-psych/9780190926632.003.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 3-16

Author(s):

Dennis C. Daley ◽

Antoine Douaihy

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Drug Use ◽

Prescription Drug ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Substance Use Disorder ◽

Illegal Drug ◽

Drug Misuse ◽

Prescription Drug Misuse ◽

Illegal Drug Use ◽

Drug Problems

A substance problem is any negative outcome from prescription drug misuse, illegal drug use, or binge drinking. These problems often lead to substance use disorders (SUDs). Any substance use can cause problems. The real issues are a person’s reasons for using, and whether that substance use is part of a substance use disorder. Family members often think of the drug as being the problem when it is really the person’s pattern of use and reasons for using that are the problems. Drugs come and go and are replaced by new ones all the time. SUDs and addiction are people problems that involve drugs.

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An Epidemiological Study of Substance Use Disorders Among Emerging and Young Adults

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/0706743718792189 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (5) ◽

pp. 313-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rana A. Qadeer ◽

Kathy Georgiades ◽

Michael H. Boyle ◽

Mark A. Ferro

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Young Adults ◽

Emerging Adults ◽

Substance Use Disorders ◽

Age Groups ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Canadian Community Health Survey ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Canadian Population

Objectives: We investigated the prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) among emerging adults and quantified the extent to which emerging adults, compared with young adults, have increased odds for SUDs. Methods: Data were from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey–Mental Health (CCHS-MH). Respondents were 15 to 39 y of age ( n = 9228) and were categorized as: early emerging adults (15 to 22 y); late emerging adults (23 to 29 y); and, young adults (30 to 39 y). SUDs [alcohol or drug abuse/dependence (AAD or DAD)] were measured using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview 3.0. The prevalence of SUDs was compared across age groups, and odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed from logistic regression models adjusting for sociodemographic and health covariates. Analyses were weighted to maintain representativeness to the Canadian population. Results: The prevalence of AAD was 8.0%, 6.6%, and 2.7% for early emerging adults, late emerging adults, and young adults, respectively. For DAD, the prevalence was 6.4%, 3.6%, and 1.3%. After covariate adjustment, early and late emerging adults had greater odds of reporting AAD (OR = 3.2, 95% CI = 2.2 to 4.9 and OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.6 to 3.4, respectively) or DAD (OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 2.5 to 7.0 and OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.6 to 4.1, respectively) compared with young adults. Differences between early and late emerging adults were not significant. Conclusion: Emerging adults are at increased odds for SUDs. Lack of differences between early and late emerging adults provide evidence of the extension of emerging adulthood into the late 20s. Findings have implications for the provision of screening and treatment of SUDs during this developmental period.

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