scholarly journals Responses to Graphic Warning Labels among Low-income Smokers

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-616
Author(s):  
Toshali Katyal ◽  
Arturo Durazo ◽  
Marlena Hartman-Filson ◽  
Maya Vijayaraghavan
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Low Income ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Warning Labels ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Graphic Warning ◽  
Harmful Effects

Objective: Graphic warning labels (GWLs) are effective in communicating tobacco-related harms. Methods: In this mixed-methods study, we used purposive sampling to recruit 100 low-income smokers in the San Francisco Bay Area between October 2017 and February 2018 to participate in an intervention promoting smoke-free homes. We presented the 2009 Food and Drug Administration-proposed GWLs and explored perceptions of affect, efficacy, and appeal using questionnaires at baseline, 3- and 6-months follow-up. Because of participants' interest in this topic, we subsequently conducted a qualitative sub-study among 20 participants exploring perceived efficacy of GWLs on smoking cessation. Results: In all, 87.3% and 59.2% agreed that GWLs were useful and would motivate cessation behaviors, respectively, at baseline. We found that the most common responses were shock (61.8%) and disgust (55.3%), whereas anger (29.0%) and annoyance (19.7%) were less common. Participants also reported that GWLs unequivocally illustrating smoking's harmful effects were more appealing than non-specific images, as were images that depicted positive cessation-related effects. Conclusions: GWLs appear to be an important health communication among low-income smokers. Future studies on GWLs should examine the association of negative affect and cessation among this population.

scholarly journals THE ENCORE FELLOWSHIPS PROGRAM: FINDINGS FROM HOST AND FELLOW FOLLOW-UP EVALUATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S374-S374
Author(s):  
Cal J Halvorsen ◽  
Jim Emerman
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Nonprofit Sector ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Program Satisfaction ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
High Sense

Abstract The Encore Fellowships Network (EFN) began as a pilot program in 2009 to match mid- and late-career for-profit employees in the San Francisco Bay Area to non-profit organizations seeking their skills and experience. After a successful pilot, the EFN expanded nationally, reaching 26 states and placing close to 2,000 Fellows in 10 years. This presentation will reveal analysis from more than 1,400 linked surveys of fellows and their organizational hosts both pre- and post-fellowship, totaling more than 350 observations. Results indicate a high sense of program satisfaction and enduring impact on the work of the non-profits. Further, the efficiency of the matching process was positively associated with fellows’ recommendation of the program to friends or colleagues and a higher sense of enduring impact among fellows was positively associated with the likelihood of pursuing post-fellowship non-profit work. Implications for the EFN and the broader nonprofit sector will be discussed.

City as borderland: Gentrification and the policing of Black and Latinx geographies in Oakland

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret M Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Low Income ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Sound Studies ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Geographic Thought ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Foreclosure Crisis

From the foreclosure crisis of 2008, to the tech boom-provoked housing crisis currently engulfing the San Francisco Bay Area, low-income residents of Oakland, California have been displaced from their homes at an alarming rate over the past decade. In this piece I draw from Gloria Anzaldúa’s Borderlands and engage with Black geographic thought, urban and sound studies to build a borderlands analytic. I consider how the “tension, ambivalence and unrest” of the borderlands provides a lens to understand the volatility of cities gripped by rapid gentrification. Using a borderlands analytic to make sense of the borders that are produced and policed in gentrifying cities, I consider how Black and Latinx life has been criminalized spatially and sonically so as to be displaced by forces of racial capitalist extraction. To do this, I look to the implementation of gang injunction zones in Oakland in 2010, and then to two moments in 2015 when the city’s soundscapes were policed and criminalized. This piece centers the Black and Latinx geographies experiencing dispossession in Oakland, and considers how residents are imagining and fighting for their city’s future.

scholarly journals Smoke-Free Home Intervention in Permanent Supportive Housing: A Multifaceted Intervention Pilot

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Durazo ◽  
Marlena Hartman-Filson ◽  
Kenneth Perez ◽  
Natalie M Alizaga ◽  
Anne Berit Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Brief Intervention ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Supportive Housing ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Permanent Supportive Housing ◽  
Voluntary Adoption

Abstract Introduction Smoke-free homes (SFHs), the voluntary adoption of home smoking restrictions, are associated with reduced secondhand smoke exposure. However, SFHs are uncommon in permanent supportive housing (PSH) for formerly homeless adults, who have fivefold higher smoking rates than the general population. We pilot-tested a brief intervention to increase voluntary adoption of SFHs among PSH residents in the San Francisco Bay Area. Aims and Methods We pilot-tested a brief intervention to increase voluntary adoption of SFHs among PSH residents in the San Francisco Bay Area. Rest of the methods, PSH residents (n = 100) and staff (n = 62) from 15 PSH sites participated in the intervention between October 2017 and February 2018. Research staff provided counseling to PSH residents on how to adopt an SFH and trained PSH staff on how to counsel residents on smoking cessation. The primary outcome was self-reported voluntary adoption of an SFH for ≥90 days, and the secondary outcome was carbon monoxide-verified PPA at 6-month follow-up. PSH staff completed the Smoking Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices survey at baseline and 3-month follow-up. Results At 6 months, 31.3% of PSH residents had adopted an SFH (vs. 13.0% at baseline) and 16.9% reported carbon monoxide-verified PPA. A positive attitude toward an SFH policy was associated with increased odds of SFH adoption (adjusted odds ratio = 8.68, 95% confidence interval: 2.42, 31.17). Voluntary SFH adoption was associated with increased PPA (adjusted odds ratio = 26.27, 95% confidence interval: 3.43, 201.30). PSH staff reported improved attitudes toward and self-efficacy in delivering cessation care, and decreased barriers to discussing smoking cessation among PSH residents between baseline and 3-month follow-up. Conclusions In this single-arm study, a brief intervention increased SFH adoption and PPA among PSH residents. Implications To date, few interventions have addressed SFHs and their association with tobacco use among PSH residents. A “ground-up” approach that relies on buy-in from residents and that promotes voluntary SFHs is an innovative way to increase smoke-free living environments in PSH. This approach could pave a pathway for smoke-free policy implementation in these sites. PSH can play a role in reducing the burden of tobacco use by empowering its residents to adopt voluntary SFHs, which could increase smoking cessation among residents.

INVESTIGATION AND CLEANUP OF FUEL TANK LEAKS IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA—A REGULATORY STRATEGY

1985 ◽  
Vol 1985 (1) ◽  
pp. 285-288
Author(s):  
Don M. Eisenberg ◽  
Adam W. Olivieri ◽  
Peter W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Water Quality Control ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Fuel Tanks

ABSTRACT During the past few years, contamination associated with underground chemical storage has been found to have caused extensive degradation of otherwise usable groundwater in many locations. In response, many cities within the San Francisco Bay area are presently implementing ordinances that require monitoring of underground tanks including fuel tanks. In addition, recently enacted state laws will require some form of rigorous monitoring for fuel tanks throughout California. Implementation of fuel leak monitoring programs will result in the discovery of a significant number of additional fuel leak sites. The authors project that 200 to 300 reports of subsurface fuel contamination will be generated during the next year in the San Francisco Bay area. To deal with this overwhelming increase in regulatory workload it is likely that some level of initial response to fuel leaks may be delegated to local governments. For the above reasons, the California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Francisco Bay Region, is developing formalized response procedures to provide a consistent and adequate preliminary response to initial reports of suspected or confirmed underground fuel leaks. These procedures are intended to provide a screening process to minimize additional follow-up where it is not required and to ensure such follow-up where it is necessary. The proposed procedures will be the subject of several public workshops and at least one formal public hearing before they are considered final. They are described here in an attempt to stimulate further technical input to the public discussion process and to possibly provide a model for use by others who will be faced with similar decision-making needs as similar ordinances and regulations are adopted throughout the state and in other states.

Reduction in Clostridium difficile infection rates following a multifacility prevention initiative in Orange County, California: A controlled interrupted time series evaluation

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 872-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle R. Rizzo ◽  
Sarah H. Yi ◽  
Erin P. Garcia ◽  
Matt Zahn ◽  
Erin Epson
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Orange County ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Bay Area

AbstractObjective:To evaluate the Orange County Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) prevention collaborative’s effect on rates of CDI in acute-care hospitals (ACHs) in Orange County, California.Design:Controlled interrupted time series.Methods:We convened a CDI prevention collaborative with healthcare facilities in Orange County to reduce CDI incidence in the region. Collaborative participants received onsite infection control and antimicrobial stewardship assessments, interactive learning and discussion sessions, and an interfacility transfer communication improvement initiative during June 2015–June 2016. We used segmented regression to evaluate changes in monthly hospital-onset (HO) and community-onset (CO) CDI rates for ACHs. The baseline period comprised 17 months (January 2014–June 2015) and the follow-up period comprised 28 months (September 2015–December 2017). All 25 Orange County ACHs were included in the CO-CDI model to account for direct and indirect effects of the collaborative. For comparison, we assessed HO-CDI and CO-CDI rates among 27 ACHs in 3 San Francisco Bay Area counties.Results:HO-CDI rates in the 15 participating Orange County ACHs decreased 4% per month (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95–0.97; P < .0001) during the follow-up period compared with the baseline period and 3% (IRR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95–0.99; P = .002) per month compared to the San Francisco Bay Area nonparticipant ACHs. Orange County CO-CDI rates declined 2% per month (IRR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96–1.00; P = .03) between the baseline and follow-up periods. This decline was not statistically different from the San Francisco Bay Area ACHs (IRR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95–1.00; P = .09).Conclusions:Our analysis of ACHs in Orange County provides evidence that coordinated, regional multifacility initiatives can reduce CDI incidence.

Classroom-Based Services in an Urban Middle School: Strategies for Becoming Part of the Solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-401
Author(s):  
Laura Epstein ◽  
Prutha Shah
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
San Francisco Bay ◽  
San Francisco Bay Area ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Urban Middle School ◽  
Bay Area

Purpose Low-performing middle schools are often urban, culturally and linguistically diverse communities. Classroom-based speech-language service delivery is a best practice in these schools. This article provides strategies that have enhanced service delivery in a diverse and low-income urban middle school located in the San Francisco Bay Area, through a partnership between the San Francisco State University, Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Nicholas J. Certo Communicative Disorders Clinic, and a small local San Francisco Bay Area public school. Method Service delivery at a low-performing school incorporated classroom-based services in order to optimize classroom time for middle school children served by the speech-language pathologist. Results The incorporation of classroom-based services resulted in several service delivery innovations. Conclusion Service delivery models must accommodate to the learning needs of children and the school community.

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