scholarly journals Memes y Políticas de Identidad. El poder de la risa en la cultura digital

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 144-162
Author(s):  
Agnès García
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
National Level ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Mass Society ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Two Sides

Una de las formas más arcaicas y evidentes de la comunicación es reír. En la cultura digital, las imágenes humorísticas, en concreto las satíricas, se unen a la sociedad de masas mediante la configuración de ideas e identidades. Durante el s. XIX, la identidad y el nacionalismo han sido dos caras de la misma moneda. Su representación por medio de símbolos e ideas siguen estando patentes en la actualidad. En el ámbito nacional, la identidad catalana no solo sigue teniendo una vinculación nacionalista propia del XIX, sino que ha devenido en un fenómeno de identidad propio unido asimismo al procés de independencia.Por eso mismo y con el objetivo de poner en relieve el poder de las imágenes humorísticas actuales, como son los memes, veremos cómo se convierten estas últimas, en expresiones de la memoria identitaria mediante el caso catalán. One of the most archaic and obvious forms of communication is laughter. In digital culture, humorous images, in particular satirical ones, they join in mass society through the configuration of ideas and identities. During the 19th century, identity and nationalism have been two sides of the same coin. Their representation through symbols and ideas are still evident today.At the national level, Catalan identity not only continues to have the nationalist connection typical of the nineteenth century, but it also became an identity phenomenon of its own, closely linked to the process for independence. For that reason, and with the aim of highlighting the power of current humorous images such as memes, we will see through the Catalan case how these images become the expressions of identity memory.

THE IDEA OF «COMMUNITY» IN THE GOVERNMENT CONCEPTS OF GALICIA OF THE XIX – BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Liubomyr Ilyn
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Legal Principle ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
The 19Th Century

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the views of social and political thinkers of Galicia in the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. on the right and manner of organizing a nation-state as a cathedral. Method. The methodology includes a set of general scientific, special legal, special historical and philosophical methods of scientific knowledge, as well as the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematic and comprehensive. The problem-chronological approach made it possible to identify the main stages of the evolution of the content of the idea of catholicity in Galicia's legal thought of the 19th century. Results. It is established that the idea of catholicity, which was borrowed from church terminology, during the nineteenth century. acquired clear legal and philosophical features that turned it into an effective principle of achieving state unity and integrity. For the Ukrainian statesmen of the 19th century. the idea of catholicity became fundamental in view of the separation of Ukrainians between the Russian and Austro-Hungarian empires. The idea of unity of Ukrainians of Galicia and the Dnieper region, formulated for the first time by the members of the Russian Trinity, underwent a long evolution and received theoretical reflection in the work of Bachynsky's «Ukraine irredenta». It is established that catholicity should be understood as a legal principle, according to which decisions are made in dialogue, by consensus, and thus able to satisfy the absolute majority of citizens of the state. For Galician Ukrainians, the principle of unity in the nineteenth century. implemented through the prism of «state» and «international» approaches. Scientific novelty. The main stages of formation and development of the idea of catholicity in the views of social and political figures of Halychyna of the XIX – beginning of the XX centuries are highlighted in the work. and highlighting the distinctive features of «national statehood» that they promoted and understood as possible in the process of unification of Ukrainian lands into one state. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in further historical and legal studies, preparation of special courses.

scholarly journals Cleft lip: The historical perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (S 01) ◽  
pp. S4-S8
Author(s):  
S. Bhattacharya ◽  
V. Khanna ◽  
R. Kohli
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Wedge Resection ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
History Of ◽  
Evil Spirits ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Two Sides

ABSTRACTThe earliest documented history of cleft lip is based on a combination of religion, superstition, invention and charlatanism. While Greeks ignored their existence, Spartans and Romans would kill these children as they were considered to harbour evil spirits. When saner senses prevailed Fabricius ab Aquapendente (1537–1619) was the first to suggest the embryological basis of these clefts. The knowledge of cleft lip and the surgical correction received a big boost during the period between the Renaissance and the 19th century with the publication of Pierre Franco's Petit Traité and Traité des Hernies in which he described the condition as “lièvre fendu de nativitè” (cleft lip present from birth). The first documented Cleft lip surgery is from China in 390 BC in an 18 year old would be soldier, Wey Young-Chi. Albucasis of Arabia and his fellow surgeons used the cautery instead of the scalpel and Yperman in 1854 recommended scarifying the margins with a scalpel before suturing them with a triangular needle dipped in wax. The repair was reinforced by passing a long needle through the two sides of the lip and fixing the shaft of the needle with a figure-of-eight thread over the lip. Germanicus Mirault can be credited to be the originator of the triangular flap which was later modified by C.W. Tennison in 1952 and Peter Randall in 1959. In the late 50s, Ralph Millard gave us his legendary ‘cut as you go’ technique. The protruding premaxilla of a bilateral cleft lip too has seen many changes throughout the ages OE from being discarded totally to being pushed back by wedge resection of vomer to finally being left to the orthodontists.

scholarly journals SOCIOCULTURAL SPLIT AND RADICALIZATION OF SOCIETY IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 288-293
Author(s):  
Natal'ya Savchuk
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 19Th Century

The article discusses the causes of the sociocultural contradictions that led to the radicalization of society and the emergence of terrorist revolutionary organizations in the second half of the 19th century. The social structure of society is considered. The danger of underestimating society propaganda of extremist ideas of revolutionaries is shown.

scholarly journals A PERSONAGEM LOU COMO TRANSGRESSORA DAS NORMAS SOCIAIS IMPOSTAS À MULHER NO SÉCULO XIX EM HUMANA, DEMASIADO, HUMANA

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Dos Santos Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Female Characters ◽  
The 19Th Century

Resumo O artigo apresenta um estudo da obra Humana, demasiado, humana, de Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira, com ênfase na análise das personagens femininas, em especial, Lou Salomé. Busca- se compreender como essas mulheres transgrediram os padrões da sociedade do século XIX, época em que as mulheres estavam excluídas do poder político e educacional pura e simplesmente. Palavras-chave: Mulheres. Transgressora. Lou Andreas Salomé. Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira. THE CHARACTER OF LOU AS A TRANSGRESSOR OF SOCIAL STANDARDS IMPOSED ON WOMEN IN THE 19TH CENTURY IN HUMAN, TOO, HUMANAbstract The article presents a study of Human, too, human, by Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira, emphasizing an analysis of female characters, particularly Lou Salome. We seek to understand how these women transgress the standards of the nineteenth century society, when women used to be excluded from political power and educational pure and simply. Keywords: Women. Transgressive. Lou Andreas Salomé. Luzilá Gonçalves Ferreira.

scholarly journals Cum Deus Calculat, Fit Mundus, or The Will to Technology

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80
Author(s):  
Kasper Schiølin
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Excess Energy ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Binary Logic ◽  
Compulsive Behaviour ◽  
The Will ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Google Search ◽  
Human Rationality

The understanding of technology as rational means to well-defined ends does not make sense anymore. To a still greater extent the usage of digital technologies is compulsive, and without clear purpose. It would be tempting to interpret such repetitive and useless behaviour in a Batailleian sense as an accumulation of excess energy, which would cause a state of ecstasy that encounters the hegemony of utility. However, the compulsive behaviour is only apparently useless. The circuit of exuberant energy produced by the compulsive user is the very life nerve of the anonymous digital industry, which absorbs every click, finger slide, retweet, like or Google-search – deliberately as well as compulsively – to ensure its growth and power. In this sense, technology seems to be neither a sheer material extension of human rationality, nor an abundant source of excess energy, but a blind, ravenous, and limitless will to nothing but itself. Bataille’s notion of excess energy is indeed an obvious choice for interpreting the compulsive behaviour of digital culture. Although Bataille’s reception of Nietzsche is evident, he only slightly touches upon the obvious relationship between his notion of excess energy and the will. Adopting the metaphysics of will, developed by Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and others in the 19th century will help to diagnose an already arrived future, where no energy is left to transgress binary logic.

The Next Chapter: The Black Presence in the Nineteenth Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 315-330
Author(s):  
Caroline Bressey
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Black Population ◽  
Digital Archives ◽  
Black British ◽  
British Experience ◽  
Black Man ◽  
The 19Th Century

Caroline Bressey turns her attention in this chapter to the 19th century descendants of blacks who had found their way to Britain in the previous century. She focuses on the flawed Victorian depictions of the British black presence (most notably found in the 1875 essay ‘The Black Man’ published in Charles Dickens’s periodical All The Year Round)—which offered narrow sketches of the lives and opportunities of the black population. Bressey offers anecdotal examples of a wider spectrum of employment and lifestyles that blacks were able to partake in and describes how some of the obstacles to uncovering a clearer picture of 19th century blacks in Britain are being eased by the digitization of newspapers, census returns and family papers and diaries. Bressey concludes by calling for more study, propelled by these digital archives, to better understand the diversity of the black British experience.

The Rise of Standard Hindi and Early Hindi Prose Fiction

1967 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-132
Author(s):  
R. S. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Prose Fiction ◽  
The 19Th Century

Pre-nineteenth-century prose and prose fiction in Hindi dialects. It is well known that the use of Sanskritized prose in Hindi dialects dates from long before the beginning of the 19th century A.D. The pre-19th-century prose texts which have been preserved in Braj Bhāṣā, Khaṛi Bolī, and Rājasthānī dialects have a collective importance for our subject as antecedents of the Sanskritized style of standard Hindi, based on Khaṛī Bolī, which emerged in the 19th century. Their existence demonstrates that before this time there were already recognized traditions of prose-writing in the main western Hindi dialects, and that within these traditions it was customary to use Sanskrit words to supplement the vocabulary of one's dialect, and to work in the Devanāgarī script.

Racial Articulation and Labor in the 19th Century Brazil

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Dias
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Political Structures ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article seeks to explain how economic and local political structures shaped the ways in which public officials articulated ideas of race and labor in the nineteenth century Brazil. Employing a comparative historical method, this work advances the literature in two ways. First, it suggests that what we have come to view as a positive valuation of blackness has roots in the economic development prior to the centralized nation-building processes. Second, the findings of this study point to the effects of intra-national factors, such as economic structures and patterns of labor incorporation, in shaping how regional public officials articulated notions of “race,” labor, and progress.

Richard W. Bailey, Nineteenth-century English. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996. Pp. viii, 372. Pb $19.95.

2000 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
Edward Finegan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
English Speakers ◽  
University Of Michigan ◽  
Valuable Property ◽  
Ann Arbor ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 19Th Century

Treating the least well researched period in the history of English, Richard Bailey's groundbreaking book is an admirable success: wry in its humor, clear in its science, and compelling in its humanity. More than that, it is a sterling achievement of research, a model for all who write about the history of spoken or written English, a benchmark of scope and insight. Bailey's calculations suggest that, in the course of the 19th century, the number of English speakers increased from 26 million to 126 million, helping to make the century the “most transforming” period in the history of English: it was transformed “from merely a language to a valuable property, firmly incorporated into capitalist economies. Far more than at any earlier time, English could be bought and sold. It was even possible to earn one's livelihood by working with it”.

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