A comparison of behavioural methodologies utilised to quantify deviations in piglet behaviour associated with castration

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-292
Author(s):  
RM Park ◽  
MC Cramer ◽  
BK Wagner ◽  
P Turner ◽  
LE Moraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Sampling Interval ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Pain Response ◽  
Continuous Observation ◽  
Painful Procedure ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Scalpel Blade ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus

Surgical castration is a painful procedure that is routinely performed without pain relief on commercial pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) farms. Previous research has focused on quantifying piglet pain response through behaviours. However, to date, behavioural sampling methodologies used to quantify pain associated with castration have not been validated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to validate scan sampling methodologies (2-min, 3-min, 5-min, 10-min and 15-min intervals) to quantify piglet pain responses expressed by castrated piglets behaviour. A total of 39 Yorkshire-Landrace × Duroc male piglets (five days of age) were surgically castrated using a scalpel blade. Behaviour frequency and duration (scratching, spasms, stiffness, tail wagging and trembling) of each piglet were continuously collected for the first 15 min of the following hours relative to castration (–24, 1–8 and 24). To determine if the sampling interval accurately reflected true duration and frequency for each behaviour, as determined by continuous observation, criteria previously utilised from other behavioural validation studies were used: coefficient of determination above 0.9, slope not statistically different from one and intercept not statistically different from zero. No scan sampling interval provided accurate estimates for any behavioural indicators of pain. The results of this study suggest that continuous sampling is the most appropriate methodology to fully capture behaviour specific to pain associated with castration. Using validated behavioural methodologies in future research can assist in the development of objective, science-based protocols for managing pig pain.

scholarly journals Bibliometrics Analysis of Research Publications Related to Sus scrofa domesticus

Sains Insani ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Muhammad Najmi Mohammad Fauzi ◽  
Abdul Syakur Aqil Mat Anuar ◽  
Irfan Ezani Shuhaimi ◽  
Nur Fazidah Asmuje @Asmuzi ◽  
Nur Dalila A'wani Abd Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Islamic Studies ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Food Engineering ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Research Publications ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus ◽  
Bibliometrics Analysis

Halal and toyyib are popular terms used among Muslims around the world. Food is one of the topics that have always been discussed among the scholars referred to as halal and toyyib. For Muslim, Sus scrofa domesticus or pig is known as one of the animals which is haram in Islam. The objectives of this study are to analyse trends related to Sus scrofa domesticus in existing research publications and to show the most suitable scope of research for future research purposes. This study uses bibliometrics analysis to examine the results of past publications on Sus scrofa domesticus related research. According to research articles, researchers found that majority of the previous research on Sus scrofa domesticus articles dominated journals by 97%. Most of the topics studied in the research related to Sus scrofa domesticus basically revolves around Islamic studies while research on the method of analysis conducted in the previous studies found that most studies on Sus scrofa domesticus is on scientific analysis. In the science area, the studies are divided into 10 areas. The areas of scientific discussion of Sus scrofa domesticus are biotechnology, biomedical, biochemistry, microbiology, system biology, agriculture, food science, nanotechnology, pharmacology and food engineering. In Islamic areas, the field of study that focuses on the analysis of the Islamic perspective is Islamic studies. It is found that research publications in Sus scrofa domesticus are more active in scientific analysis, compared to Islamic analysis. Therefore, the efforts of researchers in both scientific and Islamic analysis need to be balanced. Analysis of pigs in the Islamic perspective needs to be more productive to the development of Islamic studies. Advanced new study of Sus scrofa domesticus is expected to produce benefits to Muslims and society as a whole.

scholarly journals Age-Related Changes in the Primary Motor Cortex of Newborn to Adult Domestic Pig Sus scrofa domesticus

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2019
Author(s):  
Salvatore Desantis ◽  
Serena Minervini ◽  
Lorenzo Zallocco ◽  
Bruno Cozzi ◽  
Andrea Pirone
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Calcium Binding ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus

The pig has been increasingly used as a suitable animal model in translational neuroscience. However, several features of the fast-growing, immediately motor-competent cerebral cortex of this species have been adequately described. This study analyzes the cytoarchitecture of the primary motor cortex (M1) of newborn, young and adult pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus). Moreover, we investigated the distribution of the neural cells expressing the calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) (calretinin, CR; parvalbumin, PV) throughout M1. The primary motor cortex of newborn piglets was characterized by a dense neuronal arrangement that made the discrimination of the cell layers difficult, except for layer one. The absence of a clearly recognizable layer four, typical of the agranular cortex, was noted in young and adult pigs. The morphometric and immunohistochemical analyses revealed age-associated changes characterized by (1) thickness increase and neuronal density (number of cells/mm2 of M1) reduction during the first year of life; (2) morphological changes of CR-immunoreactive neurons in the first months of life; (3) higher density of CR- and PV-immunopositive neurons in newborns when compared to young and adult pigs. Since most of the present findings match with those of the human M1, this study strengthens the growing evidence that the brain of the pig can be used as a potentially valuable translational animal model during growth and development.

scholarly journals Myorelaxant Effect of the Dysphania ambrosioides Essential Oil on Sus scrofa domesticus Coronary Artery and Its Toxicity in the Drosophila melanogaster Model

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 2041
Author(s):  
Luiz Jardelino de Lacerda Neto ◽  
Andreza Guedes Barbosa Ramos ◽  
Renata Evaristo Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Luís Pereira-de-Morais ◽  
Fernanda Maria Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus

Purpose: Alternative methods for the use of animals in research have gained increasing importance, due to assessments evaluating the real need for their use and the development of legislation that regulates the subject. The principle of the 3R’s (replacement, reduction and refinement) has been an important reference, such that in vitro, ex vivo and cord replacement methods have achieved a prominent place in research. Methods: Therefore, due to successful results from studies developed with these methods, the present study aimed to evaluate the myorelaxant effect of the Dysphania ambrosioides essential oil (EODa) using a Sus scrofa domesticus coronary artery model, and the toxicity of both the Dysphania ambrosioides essential oil and its major constituent, α-terpinene, against Drosophila melanogaster in toxicity and negative geotaxis assays. Results: The EODa relaxed the smooth muscle of swine coronary arteries precontracted with K+ and 5-HT in assays using Sus scrofa domesticus coronary arteries. The toxicity results presented LC50 values of 1.546 mg/mL and 2.282 mg/mL for the EODa and α-terpinene, respectively, thus showing the EODa and α-terpinene presented toxicity to these dipterans, with the EODa being more toxic. Conclusions: Moreover, the results reveal the possibility of using the EODa in vascular disease studies since it promoted the relaxation of the Sus scrofa domesticus coronary smooth muscle.

Dental Pathology of the Domestic Pig (Sus Scrofa Domesticus)

2021 ◽  
pp. 089875642198909
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Smith ◽  
Sangeeta Rao ◽  
Jennifer E. Rawlinson
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Oral Examination ◽  
Deciduous Teeth ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Missing Teeth ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Dental Pathology ◽  
Open Apices ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus

Antemortem domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) dental pathology literature is sparse. This observational descriptive study evaluated 23 client-owned pigs that while sedated/anesthetized for routine annual care had intraoral dental radiographs and an oral examination performed. Age, gender, weight, and breed for each pig were recorded. Oral examination and radiographic findings were reviewed to create a comprehensive list of dental abnormalities identified. Descriptive statistics were performed to summarize the data. The study population included 14 castrated males and 20 Vietnamese pot-bellied mini-pigs. The median age was 3 years (range 2-12 years), and the median weight was 39 kg (range 11-140 kg). The most common finding was missing teeth (21/23 pigs); the first premolar tooth was the most likely to be absent (64/106 missing teeth). Periodontal disease was common (20/23 pigs). Advanced stages primarily affected the first molar teeth frequently in the form of a mucogingival defect. Supernumerary roots were discovered on the maxillary canine teeth in female pigs only (10/25 teeth with supernumerary roots). The most common persistent deciduous tooth was the maxillary second incisor (15/19 persistent deciduous teeth). Non-age or gender related open apices were most likely associated with mandibular first and second incisor teeth (26/96 teeth with open apices). Tooth resorption was also identified (7/23 pigs). The study findings prove that pet pigs commonly have dental pathology; therefore, thorough oral examinations with intraoral radiographs should be included in porcine routine health care regimens.

Η μελέτη της επίδρασης της αιμορραγικής καταπληξίας στο ηπατικό παρέγχυμα σε χοίρεια πειραματικά μοντέλα

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Αναστάσιος Μυλωνάς
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus

ΥΠΟΘΕΣΗ: Η βλάβη ισχαιμίας – επαναιμάτωσης που προκαλείται από σοβαρή αιμορραγική καταπληξία και την ανάνηψη που ακολουθεί, οδηγεί σε διαταραχή της ομοιόστασης του ήπατος και πιθανόν σε ηπατική ανεπάρκεια. Η παρούσα πειραματική μελέτη εστιάζει στο να διευκρινίσει εάν υπάρχει διαφορετική βιολογική απάντηση στο αιμορραγικό σοκ η οποία να εξαρτάται από την πηγή της αιμορραγίας : ηπατική αιμορραγία συγκριτικά με περιφερική αιμορραγία. ΜΕΘΟΔΟΣ : Εικοσιένας αρσενικοί χοίροι του είδους Sus Scrofa Domesticus κατανεμήθηκαν τυχαία σε τρεις ομάδες : ομάδα ελέγχου (Α, ν=5), ομάδα κεντρικής φλεβικής αιμορραγίας (Β1, ν=8), ομάδα ηπατικής αιμορραγίας (C1, ν=8). Πραγματοποιήθηκε εκτομή του αριστερού ηπατικού λοβού στις ομάδες της κεντρικής φλεβικής αιμορραγίας και της ηπατικής αιμορραγίας και τα πειραματόζωα αφέθηκαν να αιμορραγήσουν ελεγχόμενα από την έσω σφαγίτιδα φλέβα και την τραυματική επιφάνεια του ήπατος αντίστοιχα. Μετά από 10 λεπτά αιμορραγίας, διατηρήθηκε κατάσταση αιμορραγικής καταπληξίας για 30 λεπτά σε επίπεδα μέσης αρτηριακής πίεσης 30-40 mmHg και στη συνέχεια ξεκίνησε ανάνηψη με κρυσταλλοειδή και κολλοειδή ενδοφλέβια υγρά. Οι αιμοδυναμικές παράμετροι παρακολουθήθηκαν και καταγράφηκαν στη διάρκεια των έξι ωρών του πειράματος. Δείγματα αίματος ελήφθησαν σε προκαθορισμένα χρονικά σημεία (0, 40, 360) και δείγμα ηπατικού ιστού ελήφθη στο τέλος του πειράματος για εκτίμηση δεικτών οξειδωτικού stress και της αναγεννητικής ικανότητας ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΑ : Ενώ η ποσότητα του αίματος που χάθηκε ήταν παρόμοια για τις δύο ομάδες της αιμορραγίας, η ποσότητα των ενδοφλέβιων υγρών που χρειάστηκε για ανάνηψη ήταν μεγαλύτερη στην ομάδα της ηπατικής αιμορραγίας. Η φλεγμονώδης απάντηση, όπως μετρήθηκε από τα επίπεδα της IL-6, βρέθηκε μεγαλύτερη στην ομάδα C1. Οι δείκτες οξειδωτικού stress δεν παρουσίασαν στατιστικώς σημαντική διαφορά ανάμεσα στις δύο ομάδες της αιμορραγίας. Η ηπατική αιμορραγία είχε ως συνέπεια τη μείωση της αναγεννητικής ικανότητας όπως αυτή μετρήθηκε από το PCNA. ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ: Από τη μελέτη μας προκύπτει το συμπέρασμα ότι η ηπατική αιμορραγία προκαλεί μεγαλύτερες επιπτώσεις στα ηπατικύτταρα σε σχέση με τη συστηματική αιμορραγία. Οι μεγαλύτερες ανάγκες υγρών για ανάνηψη, η εντονότερη φλεγμονώδης απάντηση και η μειωμένη αναγεννητική ικανότητα των ηπατοκυττάρων στην περίπτωση της ηπατικής αιμορραγίας είναι ευρήματα με πιθανή κλινική σημασία για την ηπατική χειρουργική και το τραύμα.

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