scholarly journals Podstawowe determinanty jakości życia mieszkańców wsi i miast po akcesji Polski do Unii Europejskiej = Basic determinants of rural and urban inhabitants’ life quality after Poland’s accession to the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Barbara Chmielewska ◽  
Józef Stanisław Zegar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Main Determinants

The purpose of the study is to assess changes concerning main determinants of rural and urban inhabitants’ life quality in the period after Poland’s accession to the European Union (years 2006–2017). The study was conducted basing on results of the European Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) and household budgets of the Central Statistical Office of Poland. Assessment of rural population’s life quality was based on indicators characterizing the unbiased living conditions (income, expenses, infrastructure, environment, housing and furnishings) as well as subjective evaluation. However, in assessing the life quality, environmental and climatic advantages of rural areas were not taken into account. Basic indicators relate to individuals or households. Life quality in rural areas is lower than in urban ones, which is primarily due to inferior income of rural residents. Furthermore, the level of expenditure is lower, mainly regarding high rank needs. Rural areas are characterized by lower equipment in basic technical infrastructure and durable – especially modern goods – in comparison to urban areas. Inhabitants of rural areas subjectively assess their life quality to be worse than the urban population. They also believe that possibility of satisfying their needs is lower than in cities.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN RURAL POVERTY AFTER POLAND’S ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Chmielewska ◽  
Józef Stanisław Zegar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Eu

The purpose of this paper is to assess changes in the risk of poverty in European Union Member States and the extent of poverty in rural areas and farming households after Poland’s accession to the EU. The above aspect was consid- ered against the background of urban residents and other so- cioeconomic groups of households. The study was based on EU-SILC, Eurostat and CSO data. For a comparative assess- ment across EU countries, the poverty and/or social exclusion risk index was used. For a comparative assessment of rural and urban areas, the following basic poverty thresholds (as es- timated by the Central Statistical Office), were used: extreme poverty (subsistence minimum), relative poverty and statutory poverty. Despite the high level of socioeconomic development in the European Union, the risk of poverty or social exclusion is widespread and varies strongly across countries, regions and social groups. In Poland, rural areas are more affected by poverty than urban areas, mainly because rural households have lower incomes than urban households. The risk of pov- erty in the EU has declined. After the accession to the EU, Poland has experienced a decrease in the extent of poverty. This positive change was the combined result of many factors, mainly including an increase in incomes of the farming and rural population. In Poland, income disparities between rural and urban residents and between farm and landless families have decreased. Reducing poverty and social exclusion is one of the most important goals of the EU social policy.

scholarly journals Suicide as a social dilemma: Evidence from Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 418-429
Author(s):  
Zubair Ahmed ◽  
Ilyas Bhati ◽  
Rizwana Kausar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Dilemma ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Quantitative And Qualitative Research ◽  
Completed Suicide ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

Abstract Suicide is one of the major causes of death around the globe. It has become sensitive and imperative anthropological, psychological and public health issue which need to be tackled. The present paper provides an overview of the growing literature on suicide or more commonly known as “attempted suicide or completed suicide”. Suicidal attempts (and /or completed suicides) are increasing in urban and rural areas of Pakistan such as Karachi, Ghizer, and Hunza. The exact reasons are indefinite. This paper focuses on existing literature 1) the concept of suicide; 2) analyzes the existing consensus/figures of suicide in Pakistan; 3) analyzes the main determinants; 4) risk factors of suicide; 5) analyzes the modes of suicide discussed in the existing literature on suicides in Pakistan; and 6) offers literature gap and limitations of the evidences. It has revealed that the exact factors of socio-cultural and economical determinants of suicide in rural and urban areas were investigated paradoxically due to lack of meticulous quantitative and qualitative research. Majority studies focused on suicide in women but not even a single study focused on underlying factors of suicide in men. Further methodical studies are suggested at the community level. Keywords: evidence, Pakistan, social dilemma, suicide, women  

scholarly journals MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ASSESSMENT OF HOUSING CONDITIONS OF THE POPULATION IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF THE WIELKOPOLSKIE VOIVODESHIP

2019 ◽  
Vol XXI (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn ◽  
Joanna Stanisławska ◽  
Andrzej Wołoszyn
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Central Statistical Office

The aim of the study was to compare the housing conditions of the population living in rural and urban areas of Wielkopolska province communes. The multidimensional assessment of housing conditions was carried out using the TOPSIS method. The research drew on 2016 data published by the Central Statistical Office in the Local Data Bank. The housing conditions in rural areas of the Wielkopolska province were found to be significantly worse than in urban areas. Over 38% of all examined urban areas and only 5% of rural areas (mainly located in the Poznań Metropolitan Area) were classified as Class I with the highest level of housing conditions. Class IV – with the lowest level of housing conditions – included as many as 25% of rural areas and only one urban area located in a mixed, urban-rural commune. In many of the studies, dynamic, beneficial changes in housing conditions in rural areas are emphasized despite the continuous worse situation of rural areas compared to cities. However, due to the observed suburbanisation processes in rural areas in the vicinity of large urban agglomerations, it would be necessary to distinguish living transformations in these rural areas, from changes in housing conditions in rural areas that perform typical agricultural functions.

scholarly journals Health status of the rural population in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bem ◽  
Paulina Ucieklak-Jeż
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rural Population ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Good Health ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Central Statistical

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the health of the elderly, living in rural areas of Poland. The analysis based on a survey “The health status of the Polish population” carried out by the Central Statistical Office (GUS). In order to assess the differences in the health status of the villagers and townsfolk’s we have examined the share of older people living in rural and urban areas in the structure of the whole population. We have also identified the measures of the health status. We have calculated, using the Sullivan method, the value of Healthy Life Expectancy, Disability Free Life Expectancy,.Chronic Disease Life for the Polish rural and urban elderly population. The study has shown, the villagers live shorter in good health (without disability and chronic diseases). Presented study allows to formulate the desirable directions of changes to improve the health status of rural population. This should lead to more effective health care in rural areas.

scholarly journals Current situation and development of the bee-keeping sector in Hungary

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
László Kárpáti ◽  
Zsolt Csapó ◽  
Georgina Árváné Ványi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Product Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
The European Union

Rural development has become more and more important issue in Hungary since rural areas also contribute to the efficiency of the national economy. Development of rural areas also very important issue in the European Union, which could contribute to the improvement of profitability of small family businesses, higher employment rate in rural areas as well as slow down the migration of people from rural into urban areas. Nowadays the bee-keeping– as one of the activities can provide alternative income for small businesses in rural areas– has become more and more important topic in Hungary. Bee-keeping sector provides income roughly 15 thousands families in Hungary. At the same time it takes important role in the preservation of rural landscape, traditions and their regional values. However, the sector has serious problems, as well (for instance quality issues, competitors on the market, etc.). It can be stated that the market position of Hungarian honey can be preserved through the improvement of quality assurance and product development. These developments can be carried out by the utilization of national and European Union funds.

scholarly journals Labour migration and increasing inequality in Norway

2020 ◽  
pp. 000169932093026
Author(s):  
Marie H Slettebak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Labour Migration ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Native Population ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Relationship

This paper explores the contested relationship between migration and income inequality, using labour migration to Norway as a case. The enlargements of the European Union starting in 2004 were followed by an unprecedented increase in labour migration to Norway. In particular, many rural regions, previously unfamiliar with immigration, have experienced a large influx of labour migrants. In the same period, income inequality has increased. This paper uses register data on the municipality level from 2005–2016 to discuss (a) the direction of the relationship between labour migration and income inequality; (b) the degree to which labour migration affects inequality (in general and within the native population) compared to other immigrant groups; and (c) whether the effects are different in rural and urban municipalities. Findings show that labour migration from the ‘new’ European Union countries is followed by higher income inequality in Norway. No support is found for the reversed causal relationship that increasing inequality causes higher numbers of labour migrants. The effect of labour migration on overall inequality is considerable, but not as strong as the effect of refugees. However, as opposed to refugees, labour migration also affects income inequality within the native population, but this effect is only significant in rural areas.

scholarly journals New Energy Policy Directions in the European Union Developing the Concept of Smart Cities

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 241-252
Author(s):  
Adrian Tantau ◽  
Ana-Maria Iulia Şanta
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
New Energy

In the context of the European Union promoting clean energy, sustainability and better living conditions for its citizens, the development of smarts cities is an initiative supported at the European Union level, in line with the new energy policies of the European Union promoted by the package “Clean Energy for All Europeans”. The concept of smart cities gains increasing importance in the European Union, a fact that is reflected in the project “European Innovation Partnership on Smart Cities and Communities” of the European Commission. Smart cities are a practical example of how the new energy policies shape the lives of the European Union citizens, trying to improve it. As a consequence, new business models arise in big cities, involving the use of technology for better living conditions. These new, technology-based business models are important, as they improve the life quality of the inhabitants, they reduce the climate change impact, and they contribute as well to job creation in the IT-industry, promoting innovation. They have as well a social impact, as they bring experts from energy policies, business, economics, legal and IT together in order to project a new type of city—the smart city. The research hypothesis of the present article is that there is a high acceptance towards the concept of smart cities at the European Union level and that this concept could be implemented with the help of information technology and of artificial intelligence. This way, legal provisions, economic measures and IT-tools work together in order to create synergy effects for better life quality of the citizens of the European Union. The research hypothesis is analyzed by means of the questionnaire as a qualitative research method and is as well assessed by using case studies (e.g., Austria, Finland, Romania). The novelty of the case studies is that the development of smart cities is analyzed due to the new trend towards sustainability in two countries with different living conditions in the European Union.

scholarly journals THE IMPORTANCE OF ORGANIC FARMING IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN POLAND

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Biernat-Jarka ◽  
Paulina Trębska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Organic Farms ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

Organic farming is one of the basic elements of constant and sustainable development of rural areas. It is the highest form of protection of the natural environment in the field of agriculture. The aim of the article is to present the development of organic farming in Poland, which became particularly important after joining the European Union. Poland strives to increase this type of production, the more so because it has considerable predispositions and favourable conditions. Organic farming in Poland shows quite large regional variations, resulting largely from natural conditions. The largest number of organic farms in 2016 occurred in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie and Podlaskie Voivodeships, and the smallest in the Opolskie and Śląskie Voivodships. The analysis uses data from the Central Statistical Office (GUS) and the Main Inspectorate of Agricultural and Food Quality (GIJHARS).

scholarly journals Eurostat methodology applied to the characterization of rural and urban Brazilian spaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (42) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Gustavo Bastos Braga ◽  
Ana Louise de Carvalho Fiúza ◽  
Paula Cristina Remoaldo
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Official Statistics ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Rural

Abstract The Brazilian official statistics show that the country is mainly urban, while authors including Veiga (2002) and Miranda and Silva (2013) present a more rural Brazil. The absence of a uniform way to define the rural areas in Brazil has led to diffused data about rural Brazil’s size. Therefore, are Brazilian regions predominantly urban, rural or intermediate? This paper applies the rural definition methodologies from Eurostat/European Union to the municipalities of Brazil. The results show the predominance of the intermediary category in Brazilian territory, while the population mostly lives in urban areas. However, due to methodological characteristics, this paper reinforces the necessity of developing other methodologies which would be able to identify rurality and urbanity, considering socioeconomic dimensions.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE LEVEL OF DEVELOPMENT OF RURAL AREAS IN POLAND AFTER ITS ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION – RESULTS OF COMMUNE CATEGORISATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Grażyna Adamczyk-Łojewska ◽  
Adam Bujarkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cohesion Policy ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Entire Country ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Data Banks

The aim of the paper was to present the analysis and evaluation of economic development in rural areas in Poland within a 10-year span between 2003 and 2012, i.e. in conditions of deepening integration process, when the Cohesion Policy was being implemented after accession to the European Union. The paper presents the results of research conducted by the authors across the entire country at the level of communes that employed Regional Data Banks (RDBs) of the Central Statistical Office (GUS) and GIS techniques. Allowing for comparable criteria covering eight analysed factors, relative level of development in individual communes – high, medium or low (category A, B or C, respectively) – was determined independently for four years (2003, 2008, 2010, and 2012). Then it was used as a basis for delimitation (on the national and provincial level) of areas varying in terms of the level of development (A, B and C) independent for each of these four years, and as a basis for identifying alterations in the area and population ranges in areas belonging to particular categories and their locations within the studied 10-year period.

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