scholarly journals Marketyzacja handlowa na obszarach wiejskich województwa łódzkiego = Commercial marketing in rural areas of the Łódzkie Voivodship

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Blanka Gosik
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Chain Stores ◽  
Retail Chain ◽  
Commercial Space ◽  
Economic Reality

The new economic reality after the political transformation of the 1990s introduced decisive changes to the commercial space of rural areas. Private stores have been established, significantly expanding their extent of sales and service over time. Currently, the process of commercial marketing has been intensifying in the rural areas in Poland, being evidenced by a large-scale expansion of retail chain stores. These facilities (run by both Polish and foreign capital) introduce new commercial quality that affects spatial, functional and social changes in rural areas.The purpose of this article is to identify the process of commercial marketing in rural areas of the Łódzkie Voivodship and to demonstrate how it affects the behavior of consumers.

Tribal associations, tribal solidarity, and tribal chauvinism in a Kenya town

1973 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tamarkin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The One ◽  
Political Economic

From a close analysis of African activities and actions in the Kenyan town of Nakuru from the 19205 to the 1960s, it is argued that living in towns tended to consolidate the identities of tribal groups and to exacerbate their differences. Contrasts between the urban responses of the Kikuyu, on the one hand, and the Western Kenyan tribes, the Luo and the Abaluhya, on the other, are analysed, and are related to differences in the tribal structures and in the political, economic and social changes that were taking place in their rural areas. By the early 1960s, the stage was set for open political competition between tribal groups.

scholarly journals Globalisation and its impact on the creation of sustainable points of purchase

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 04011
Author(s):  
Daniela Kollarova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Chain Stores ◽  
Retail Chain ◽  
Functional Layout ◽  
Retail Chains ◽  
To Come ◽  
Retail Shop

In the second half of the 1990s, important global traders began to come to the Slovak market, changing the functional layout of the towns and cities by building large-scale stores, bringing new formats and forms of selling to retails, as well as thoughtful external and internal shop designs. More than twenty years have passed since then, however, internationalmarketers continue to shape the Slovak retail market, this time through a sustainable architecture of shops and logistics centres, responsible product assortments, reduced food waste, separating and reducing paper or plastic packaging and batteries, changing the employees´ clothing for garments from organic cottons, and so on. They have namely realized that the environment is more affected than protected as a result of globalization, and it is therefore necessary to take measures to protect the natural world with regard to permanently sustainable principles. The object of our research is the shopping setting in retail stores of selected worldwide retail chains operating in Slovakia, i.e. all elements of the retail shop and its operation (its design, layout, goods presentation, staff and customers), in the context of sustainability. We are looking for answers to the questions of which selected global retail chain stores working in Slovakia and by implementing of which specific measures they build sustainable points of sale. In the process of elaborating the paper we used as sources of information relevant publications, proceedings of scholarly papers, as well as studies available at the Internet sites of specialized journals. At elaborating the sources, we applied standard scientific methods: researching, description, analysis, and deduction.

scholarly journals Environmental Change and Globalization in Seventeenth-Century France: Dutch Traders and the Draining of French Wetlands (Arles, Petit Poitou)

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (S18) ◽  
pp. 79-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphaël Morera
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Radical Change ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Deep Impact ◽  
European Trade

SummaryBetween 1599 and the end of the 1650s, the French Crown sustained a policy of land reclamation at a large scale. It was led by the French aristocracy who were helped by representatives of the merchant elites of Amsterdam, such as Hieronimus van Uffelen and Jean Hoeufft. The works in both Arles (Provence) and Petit Poitou (Poitou) show that land reclamation involved a radical change in society, reinforced the authority of the Crown in the areas concerned, and disrupted the former social balances built around the marshes. Thus, land reclamation aroused several conflicts which revealed its deep impact on the environment. So, this article demonstrates how the making of the modern state, backed by the development of European trade and banking, caused ecological and social changes by connecting the political and financial powers on a European scale.

Making Sense of Participation: The Political Culture of Pro-democracy Demonstrators in Hong Kong

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 84-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis L. F. Lee ◽  
Joseph M. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Activism ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Opinion Expression ◽  
Important Means

AbstractA wave of large-scale demonstrations from 2003 to 2006 has given rise to a new pro-democracy movement in Hong Kong and raised important questions about the political activism of the Hong Kong public. This study aims at achieving a better understanding of the cultural underpinnings of Hong Kong people's protest participation (and non-participation). Following a tradition of constructivist analysis which sees culture as a set of shared and more or less structured ideas, symbols, feelings and common senses, this study examines how participants in the pro-democracy protests make sense of their experiences and the ongoing political and social changes in Hong Kong. It shows that the 1 July 2003 demonstration has indeed empowered many of its participants, but feelings of efficacy became more complicated and mixed as people continued to monitor changes in the political environment and interpret the actions of others. At the same time, beliefs and ideas that can be regarded as part of Hong Kong's culture of de-politicization remain prevalent among the protesters. The findings of the study allow us to understand why many Hong Kong people view protests as important means of public opinion expression and yet participate in them only occasionally.

scholarly journals Labour Supply in the Labour Market in Rural Areas in Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucyna Szczebiot–Knoblauch ◽  
Roman Kisiel
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
The Political ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Agricultural Census ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office

Since the beginning of the political transformation in Poland, it's been more than twenty years, however, the situation on the labor market in rural areas is not the best. Deteriorating statistics on the labor market in Poland, manifested by high unemployment and a growing number of people in rural areas is the main reason for the formulation of the main as: analysis of the supply side of the labor market in rural areas in Poland in the years 20o0-2011. Discussion is focused on the employment and unemployment rates in Poland and the total isolation of rural areas. The presented figures were derived from calculations made on the basis of Polish Statistical Yearbooks, Annals of rural population censuses and agricultural Census available at the Central Statistical Office in Warsaw and Olsztyn, and the Foundation for the Development of Polish Agriculture.

Iranian New Wave

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo J. Torres Hortelano
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Modern Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
Film Criticism ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Work In Progress ◽  
French New Wave ◽  
The 1960S

The Iranian New Wave began when a group of young Iranian directors—following developments in the Iranian cultural arena with origins in the political and social changes of the 1950s and 1960s—started, in the mid-1960s, to make films that broke radically from the conventions of Film Farsi, the mainstream Iranian cinema that no longer satisfied the audience. These directors shared some characteristics: many had been educated abroad, and some were initially engaged in film criticism and showed a passion for modern literature. In fact, the interaction between literature and cinema is a main feature of the Iranian New Wave or Mowj-e No. The 1960s was a "golden era" of Iranian literature, one which influenced films such as Khest va Ayeneh [The Brick and the Mirror] (1965) by one of the forerunners of the New Wave, the writer Ebrahim Golestan, who employed modern techniques of storytelling in it. Although Golestan’s masterpiece is set in Teheran, many New Wave films deal with rural areas and their visual significance. Unlike the French New Wave [Nouvelle vague] or Italian Neorealism, the directors started filming without a significant theoretical framework, and engaged in cinema as a work-in-progress.

Training Aides to Screen Children for Speech and Language Problems

1976 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marisue Pickering ◽  
William R. Dopheide
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
School Personnel ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Elementary School Age ◽  
Evaluation Procedures ◽  
Language Problems ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Large Scale Screening

This report deals with an effort to begin the process of effectively identifying children in rural areas with speech and language problems using existing school personnel. A two-day competency-based workshop for the purpose of training aides to conduct a large-scale screening of speech and language problems in elementary-school-age children is described. Training strategies, implementation, and evaluation procedures are discussed.

Why Has There Been No People’s Power Rebellion in North Korea?

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-34
Author(s):  
Andrew Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Al Jazeera ◽  
The North ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effective System ◽  
The Right

One scenario put forward by researchers, political commentators and journalists for the collapse of North Korea has been a People’s Power (or popular) rebellion. This paper analyses why no popular rebellion has occurred in the DPRK under Kim Jong Un. It challenges the assumption that popular rebellion would happen because of widespread anger caused by a greater awareness of superior economic conditions outside the DPRK. Using Jack Goldstone’s theoretical expla-nations for the outbreak of popular rebellion, and comparisons with the 1989 Romanian and 2010–11 Tunisian transitions, this paper argues that marketi-zation has led to a loosening of state ideological control and to an influx of infor-mation about conditions in the outside world. However, unlike the Tunisian transitions—in which a new information context shaped by social media, the Al-Jazeera network and an experience of protest helped create a sense of pan-Arab solidarity amongst Tunisians resisting their government—there has been no similar ideology unifying North Koreans against their regime. There is evidence of discontent in market unrest in the DPRK, although protests between 2011 and the present have mostly been in defense of the right of people to support themselves through private trade. North Koreans believe this right has been guaranteed, or at least tacitly condoned, by the Kim Jong Un government. There has not been any large-scale explosion of popular anger because the state has not attempted to crush market activities outright under Kim Jong Un. There are other reasons why no popular rebellion has occurred in the North. Unlike Tunisia, the DPRK lacks a dissident political elite capable of leading an opposition movement, and unlike Romania, the DPRK authorities have shown some flexibility in their anti-dissent strategies, taking a more tolerant approach to protests against economic issues. Reduced levels of violence during periods of unrest and an effective system of information control may have helped restrict the expansion of unrest beyond rural areas.

Leisurely Islam

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara Deeb ◽  
Mona Harb
Keyword(s):  
Political Context ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Spatial Practices ◽  
Class Mobility ◽  
Political Economic

South Beirut has recently become a vibrant leisure destination with a plethora of cafés and restaurants that cater to the young, fashionable, and pious. What effects have these establishments had on the moral norms, spatial practices, and urban experiences of this Lebanese community? From the diverse voices of young Shi'i Muslims searching for places to hang out, to the Hezbollah officials who want this media-savvy generation to be more politically involved, to the religious leaders worried that Lebanese youth are losing their moral compasses, this book provides a sophisticated and original look at leisure in the Lebanese capital. What makes a café morally appropriate? How do people negotiate morality in relation to different places? And under what circumstances might a pious Muslim go to a café that serves alcohol? This book highlights tensions and complexities exacerbated by the presence of multiple religious authorities, a fraught sectarian political context, class mobility, and a generation that takes religion for granted but wants to have fun. The book elucidates the political, economic, religious, and social changes that have taken place since 2000, and examines leisure's influence on Lebanese sociopolitical and urban situations. Asserting that morality and geography cannot be fully understood in isolation from one another, the book offers a colorful new understanding of the most powerful community in Lebanon today.

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